Bo Wang
Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river.
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.
After all, the world is just a small place.
Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? The child is holding a towel.
Interpretation of poetry
Sanqin guards the majestic Chang 'an, but the Shu country you are going to is in a state of chaos. When I left, I couldn't help feeling infinite. You and I are both wanderers who are far away from home and running on the official career. As long as you are like-minded friends in the world, even if you are far away, it seems to be around. When breaking up, don't hesitate, don't be sad, and let the tears wet your clothes like affectionate children.
words explanation
Chengque: refers to the capital Chang 'an.
Auxiliary: escort.
Sanqin: After Xiang Yu destroyed Qin, the central area was divided into three countries: Yong, Sai and Zhai, which was called Sanqin in history.
Wujin: There are five famous ferries in Minjiang River, Sichuan, namely Baihuajin, Wan Li Ferry, Jiangshoujin, Shetoujin and Jiangnan Ferry, collectively referred to as Wujin.
Appreciation of poetry and prose
This is a lyric poem written by Du, one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, when he sent his friend off in Chang 'an, the capital, and served as a county magistrate in the middle of Shu. When a friend was about to take office, the poet comforted him not to be sad because he was far away: although they were far apart, their friendship would not be weakened because of the distance, and their hearts were connected. Although it is a farewell poem, there is no sadness in the whole poem. The poet's cheerful mind, bold and fresh words, euphemism and kindness show the sincere and profound friendship between friends.
The whole poem is well-structured and well-organized, with high artistic attainments.
2. "Jihai Miscellaneous Work" Gong Zizhen
Jihai is the year marked by China's ancient substitute heavenly stems and earthly branches method, but in this poem, it is actually 1839. This year, Gong Zizhen resigned and returned to the south. Later he went north to pick up his family. On the way back and forth between north and south, he wrote 3 15 short poems, which he always called "Shanghai poems". It is a famous large-scale poetry group in modern times, focusing on describing the poet's life experience, describing his life experience, writings, friends and so on. , a wide range of topics; Or chronicle, or lyrical content is complex, most of them use the topic to attack the shortcomings of the present and express their thoughts of opposing aggression, calling for change and yearning for the future. Style is the coexistence of grandeur and sadness.
Gong Zizhen's Poems on the Changes of Things are full of symbolic images, full of imagination and strangeness, and use images to create scenery and express feelings. For example, the fifth poem of "Ji Hai Miscellaneous Poems" says, "The mighty sorrow stays in the sky and the sun sets, and the whip points to the east, that is, the horizon. Falling red is not heartless, but turning into spring mud is more protective. " The first two sentences of this poem describe the scenery. Looking at the sunset touched the author's endless sadness of parting. This sadness of parting is not only to leave one's family, but also to leave the court. The author studied in Beijing since childhood and worked as an official in Beijing. Beijing is his second hometown and his ideal. Now, he is forced to leave Beijing, and his mood is so complicated! The bleak scene of sunset at dusk and the distant distance from the ends of the earth make his parting sadness more vast and heavy. In the last two sentences of the poem, the poet turned to lyricism, expressing a high-spirited spirit: "Falling red is not a heartless thing, but turning into spring mud is more protective of flowers." What a novel poem this is. In the eyes of the ancients, fading and falling red is always a "heartless thing" that causes sighs and sadness; However, the author sees its sentimental and positive side, which is used to compare himself who resigned and retired, showing a spirit of unwilling to give up and continue to struggle, indicating that he will still contribute everything to the country and the nation after quitting the officialdom. Another example is the 125 th poem of "Sea Miscellaneous Poems", "Kyushu is angry, depending on the snow, and it is sad to find out a thousand horses. I advise god to stand up again, let go of his talents, and don't stick to a pattern. " The first two sentences of this poem use two metaphors to express the poet's views on the situation in China at that time. Under the decadent and cruel reactionary rule, the metaphorical thought of "ten thousand horses together" was imprisoned, talent was stifled, and drowsiness, vulgarity, ignorance, silence and suffocation were everywhere. "Wind and thunder" is a metaphor for emerging social forces and sharp and violent reforms. The artistic realm of looking at the big picture and the overall situation is magnificent. The last two sentences of the poem, "I urge God to be energetic again and drop talents in an unconventional way", are well-known sentences. The poet expressed his ardent hope with his peculiar imagination. He looked forward to the emergence of outstanding figures, forming a new "storm" and new vitality in the general trend of reform, sweeping away the dullness and depression that enveloped Kyushu, exposing contradictions, criticizing reality, looking forward to the future and full of ideals. It is unique, unique, calling for change and the future.
3. "Looking at the Moon" Du Fu
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen.
The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.
Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. ..
Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
There are three poems in Du Fu's Wang Yue, which are about Dongyue (Mount Tai), Nanyue (Hengshan) and Xiyue (Huashan). This song is Mount Tai in Dongyue. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), the 24-year-old poet began a wandering life of "chasing horses". This poem was written in Qi and Zhao (now Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places) and is the earliest extant poem of Du Fu. Between the lines, Du Fu's youthful vigor is permeated.
There is not a word "Wang" in the whole poem, and every sentence is about seeing Yue. Distance is from far to near, time is from morning to dusk, from looking forward to sunset, from looking forward to the future. The first sentence is "the grandeur of Mount Tai! ? "When I first saw Mount Tai, I was so happy that I didn't know how to describe the admiration and admiration. It was very vivid. Dai is another name for Mount Tai. Being the first of the five mountains, he was honored as Daizong. "How is the husband", that is, what is it? In ancient Chinese, the word "fu" was usually used as a function word at the beginning of a sentence. It is a novelty to integrate it into poetry here. Although the word "husband" has no substantive meaning, it is indispensable. The so-called "vivid portrayal is being blocked." Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu. "is the answer after some imitation, which is really amazing. It is neither abstractly said that Mount Tai is high, nor used "Cui" like Xie Lingyun's "Taishan Fu". Use the general language of "stabbing the sky" to describe it, but write your own experience in an ingenious way-outside the land of two ancient Qilu countries, you can still see Mount Tai from a distance, and set off the height of Mount Tai with distance. Mount Tai is the land in the south and the Qi in the north, so this sentence describes the geographical characteristics and cannot be misappropriated when writing about other mountains. In the Ming Dynasty, Mo Ruzhong's poem "Wang Yuelou in Dengdong County" said: "Qilu is not yet a teenager. Who will inherit Ling Du in the poem? " He put forward this poem in particular, and it makes sense that no one can succeed. The phrase "the creator has given all mysterious natural grace here, and? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " It describes the magical beauty and lofty image of Mount Tai seen from a close look, which is the footnote of the last sentence "unfinished youth". The word "zhong" is naturally affectionate. Shanqian lane
One side of the sun is "Yang" and the other side behind the mountain is "Yin". Because the mountain is high, it is judged to cut on the yin and yang sides of the mountain at twilight, so it is called "cutting twilight". "Qie" is a very common word, but it is really a "strange adventure" to use it here. It can be seen that the poet Du Fu's writing style of "language is not surprising and never stops" was developed in his youth. "Clouds Wangfu? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. " In two words, it is to write a beautiful hope. Seeing the endless clouds in the mountains, my heart is also rippling; Because after watching it for a long time, I feel like my eyes are going to break. A homing bird refers to a bird that has returned to its nest in the forest. It is already dusk, and the poet is still in sight. It goes without saying that it contains the poet's interest in the rivers of the motherland.
Love for mountains. "Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky." These last two sentences are about the desire to climb Yue arising from looking at Yue. "Hui" is a spoken language in the Tang Dynasty, which means "must". For example, Wang Bo's "Ode to Spring": "I am a scavenger in one fell swoop, covering Zhu Xuan for a spring." Sometimes the word "Hui" is used alone, such as Sun Guangxian's "North Dream": "I will kill this vertical shaft one day!" In other words, there are often single users in Du Fu's poems, such as "Old Shu in this life, Qin after death!" It is inaccurate and arrogant to interpret "will" as "should". From these two inspiring and symbolic poems, we can see the ambition and generosity of the poet Du Fu, who is not afraid of difficulties, dares to climb to the top and overlooks everything. This is the key for Du Fu to become a great poet.
Now, it is also indispensable for all those who make a difference. This is why these two poems have been told by people for thousands of years and can still arouse our strong * * *. In Qing Dynasty, Pu Yin Long thought that Du Fu's poems "put righteousness first" and said that "Du Fu's soul is beautiful and impressive. Take it as a volume and make it a town. " (Reading Jie) also emphasized the symbolic significance of these two poems. This is exactly the same as Du Fu's "comparing himself with Qi State" in politics and "short-sighted resentment against Cao Liu Wall" in creation. This poem was praised as a "swan song" by later generations, carved stone as a monument and stood at the foot of the mountain. Undoubtedly, it will be immortal with Mount Tai. (Xiao Difei)
4. Bai Juyi-Qiantang Spring Tour
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From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake.
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.
Appreciate:
This poem was written by Bai Juyi in the spring of the third and fourth year of Changqing (823-824) when he was the secretariat of Hangzhou.
Qiantang Lake is another name for West Lake. When people mention the West Lake, they will think of the famous sentence in Su Shi's poems: "To compare the West Lake with the West Lake, light makeup is always appropriate." After reading Bai Juyi's poems, I seem to really see Shi's face. He is smiling, and I feel more accurate about Dongpo's metaphor.
When Lotte was in Hangzhou, there were many poems about lakes and mountains. This poem captures the characteristics of the local environment and seasons, and depicts the West Lake, which has just put on a spring coat, as full of business and just right.
"Gushan Temple North Jiating West". The lonely mountain stands between the back lake and the outer lake, with towering peaks and a lonely mountain temple on it, which is a scenery in the lake and a special symbol of the whole lake. Jiating was also a scenic spot in the West Lake. With the description of the first sentence, the "water surface" in the second sentence naturally refers to the West Lake. The water falls in autumn and winter, and the spring water rises again. In the chaos of water and sky, overlapping white clouds roll up in space and connect with the rippling water waves on the lake, so it is called "low cloud feet" The phrase "the initial water level, the foot of the cloud is low" outlines the outline of early spring on the lake. The next two sentences, from the dynamics of Yingying Yanyan, vividly describe the vitality of spring and the spring when nature wakes up from a deep sleep in autumn and winter. Yingying is a singer who sings the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. Yan is a migratory bird. It comes from the north in spring. They are full of seasonal sensitivity and become a symbol of spring. Here, the poet's choice of things around him is typical; And his pen is meticulous. When we say "several places", we can see that it is not "everywhere"; When we say "whose family", we can see that it is not "every family". Because it is still early spring. In this way, the "early" of the "early warbler" and the "new" of the "new swallow" are interactive in meaning, and they are connected into a complete picture. Because it is an "early warbler", I rushed to the warm sunny tree to try its ticking sound; Because it is a "new swallow", when pecking mud and holding grass, it will arouse people's first pleasure when building a nest. Xie Lingyun's sentence "Spring grass grows in the pond, willow turns into a songbird" ("Going upstairs in the pond") is wonderful and legendary because he wrote the joy of love at first sight when the four seasons change. This poem is quite similar in artistic conception.
The first four sentences of the poem describe the spring scenery on the lake in a wide range, which comes from the sentence "lonely mountain"; The last four sentences are dedicated to the scenery of "Hudong" and boil down to "White Sands". Point out the environment first, and then write the scenery; Write the scenery first, then the environment. The poem begins with "Gushan Temple" and ends with "Baishadi", from point to surface, from surface to point, with no trace of change in the middle. The structure is wonderful, as Xue Xue pointed out: Lotte's poems are "orderly in structure" ("A Ladle of Poems"). This "change" in "composition" is often reflected in the muddy brushwork; Without careful observation, it is difficult to see its "order".
Although the couplets of "disorderly flowers" and "shallow grass" describe the general spring scenery, they are closely related to "Baisha dike": the West Lake in spring is green and carpet-like tender grass; However, this flat and slender white sand dike is the place with the most tourists. By the Tang Dynasty, the custom of riding horses on the West Lake was extremely prosperous, and even geisha and girls loved riding horses. In the poem, "no horseshoe" is used to describe this green grassland, which is a ready-made landscape.
The use of words such as "Chuping", "Several Places", "Whose Family", "Gradually Desire" and "Talent and Emotion" runs through the landscape sentences of the whole poem, and the scenic spot of the West Lake in early spring is dyed into a Su Xiaoxiao lightly connected with Qiantang. However, this vigorous spring is developing rapidly. Another news is revealed from the link "Flowers are more and more charming": colorful flowers will soon bloom here, and stones will soon appear on the mirror platform on the lake.
Fang said that this poem "is intended to be like, and someone is there, which is better than a dead sentence." This is a poem about scenery. Its beauty lies not in the picturesque description, but in the emotion in the scene, which shows the harmonious and gloomy spring and the concentrated and full feeling given to the poet by the beauty of nature. The so-called "interesting image, someone is there"; The so-called "shape moves with things and is everywhere" (Su's Heather Talk) should be understood in this sense.
5. "Deng Fei Laifeng" Wang Anshi
Fly to Chihiro Tower on the mountain,
It is said that the cock crows and the sun rises.
Not afraid of clouds covering your eyes,
I'm at the highest level.
Wang Anshi (1021-1086), a character festival, was a great statesman in the Northern Song Dynasty. He served as prime minister and carried out reforms with Zongshen's support, which was called "Wang Anshi's political reform" in history. Wang Anshi is also a writer, and his poems are well written. He pays great attention to rhetoric. It is said that his famous saying "Spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan" has been revised dozens of times before the word "green" was selected, and it has become a beautiful talk that has been circulated for thousands of years.
1. Lin Bao Feilai Peak outside Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
2. Chihiro Tower-describe this tower as very high. In ancient times, a search was equal to eight feet.
3. Fate-because.
This quatrain was written by Wang Anshi when he was a local official in Zhejiang. The first two sentences describe the image of Feilai Tower, and the last two sentences describe the feeling of climbing Feilai Tower.
The mountains are towering, the towers are towering, and the towers at the top of the mountain are towering. How high are Feilai Peak and the pagoda above it? I don't know that the poet only told us that the tower alone is more than 8,000 feet-this is of course an exaggeration. The poet also told a legend: standing on the tower, the cock crows at the fifth watch, and you can see the sunrise at sea. Please think about the momentum of Feilaifeng.
Although the pagoda is high, it is not out of reach. In a blink of an eye, the poet has climbed to the top of the tower, and everything in the world has a panoramic view. Drifting clouds can no longer block the line of sight! "I'm not afraid to float around to cover my eyes. I'm at the highest level." At first glance, it seems to be talking about the experience of seeing the scenery; If you think about it, you will understand a philosophy of life: in social life and ideological cultivation, don't you have to stand tall to see far? ! In the poet's view, this is ambitious self-encouragement; For readers, this is an inspiring revelation.
6. Li He-"Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing"
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Enemy soldiers rolled in like dark clouds in an attempt to tear down the city wall; Our army was ready, and the sun shone on the armor, glittering with gold.
In autumn, the loud bugle sounded; The soldier's blood became dark in the night.
The red flag rolled half, and the reinforcements rushed to Xiao; The night frost is heavy and the drums are gloomy.
I want to report to you on the golden platform, and I want to take Yulong to your death.
Appreciate:
"Yan Men Tai Shou Hang" is an old topic in Yuefu. In the era when Li He lived, rebellion broke out one after another and wars continued. For example, in the fourth year of Yuan Dynasty and the fourth year of Shi Zai (809), Wang Chengzong's rebels attacked Yizhou and Dingzhou, and the patriotic general Li led his troops to rescue them. In the ninth year of Yuanhe, he took the lead, broke through the tight encirclement, attacked Wu Yuanji rebels, killed the enemy and fled.
It is speculated from some legends and data records about the poem "Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing" that it may be a war to pacify the rebellion in the buffer region.
The whole poem consists of eight sentences, and the first four sentences are about the scene before sunset. The first sentence not only talks about scenery, but also about things, which successfully exaggerates the tense atmosphere and critical situation in Enemy at the Gates. The word "dark clouds crush the city to destroy" vividly reveals the number and fierceness of the enemy, the disparity in strength between the warring parties and the difficult situation of the defenders. The defenders in the city are compared with the enemy outside the city. Suddenly, the situation changed, and a ray of sunshine penetrated through the clouds and reflected on the armor of the soldiers guarding the city, only to see glittering and dazzling. At the moment, they are preparing to fight. Here, daylight is used to show the camp and morale of the defenders, and the scene is very wonderful. It is said that Wang Anshi once criticized this sentence, saying, "When dark clouds overwhelm the city, is there still light in the sun?" Yang Shen claimed that he had indeed seen such a scene, accusing Wang Anshi of saying, "Song Lao's headscarf doesn't know poetry." In fact, the truth of art and the truth of life cannot be equated. When the enemy besieged the city, there may not be dark clouds. When the defenders are in array, it is not necessarily the sun that shines and cheers. Dark clouds and sunshine in poetry are the means for poets to create environment and intentions. The third sentence and the fourth sentence describe the gloomy and miserable battlefield atmosphere from the auditory and visual aspects respectively. It's already late autumn, and all the trees are crumbling. In the dead silence, the horn sounded. Obviously, a thrilling battle is going on. The Sound of Horn Everywhere outlines the scale of this war. With the advantage of numbers, the enemy clamored for progress and pressed forward step by step. The defender didn't get cold feet because of his weakness. Encouraged by the sound of the trumpet, their morale was high and they fought back hard. The fighting lasted from day to dusk. The poet did not directly describe the fierce scene of the wheel-staggered and hand-to-hand combat, but only made a rough but expressive description of the scene on the battlefield after the withdrawal of the two sides: the battle lasted from day to night, the sunset glow reflected the battlefield, and large rouge-like red blood condensed on the earth through the night fog. This gloomy and dignified atmosphere set off the tragic scene of the battle site, suggesting that both the offensive and defensive sides had a large number of casualties, and the soldiers guarding the city were still at a disadvantage, which made the necessary preparations for the next friendly rescue.
The last four sentences are about the activities of the rescue forces. "Half-rolled red flag is near Yishui" and "half-rolled" have extremely rich meanings. March in the dark and stop it, in order to "surprise and attack unprepared": "coming to Yishui" not only shows the location of the battle, but also implies that the soldiers have such a strong pride as "the wind blows and the water cools, and the strong men are gone forever". Then describe the bitter battle scene: as soon as the rescue troops approached the enemy camp, they beat gongs and drums and cheered and went into battle. But the night is so cold and frosty that even the drums can't move. Faced with many difficulties, the soldiers were not discouraged. "I want to report to you on the golden platform, and I want to take Yulong to your death." Huang Jintai was built in southeast Xiao during the Warring States Period. It is said that he once put a lot of gold on the stage, saying that he would not hesitate to spend a lot of money to attract scholars from all over the world. The poet quoted this story to express the soldiers' determination to serve the court.
Generally speaking, it is not appropriate to write tragic and tragic battle scenes with colorful words, and almost every sentence of Li He's poems has bright colors, such as gold, rouge and purple, which are not only bright but also rich in color. They are intertwined with black, autumn and jade white, forming a colorful picture. A poet, like a talented painter, is particularly good at coloring, expressing things with color and touching people with color, not just sketching out the outline. When he writes poetry, he seldom uses the technique of drawing lines, and always paints things with various novel and heavy colors with the help of imagination, which effectively shows their multi-level nature. Sometimes, in order to make the picture more vivid, he also mixed some things with different or even contradictory nature, making them parallel and dislocated, forming a strong contrast. For example, the dark clouds over the city symbolize the arrogance of the enemy, and the brilliance of the sun shows the heroic attitude of the soldiers guarding the city. The contrast between the two is bright, the color is bright, and the love and hate are clear. Li He's poems are not only wonderful, but also appropriate. Strangeness and appropriateness are the basic characteristics of his poetry creation. This poem, colorful and mottled, depicts a tragic and tragic battle scene, which is bizarre; However, this colorful and peculiar picture accurately shows the frontier fortress scenery and the rapidly changing war situation at a specific time and place, which is very appropriate. Only its strangeness makes it more novel; Only when it is appropriate can it feel true; Strange and just right, thus forming a muddy and emotional artistic conception. This is Li He's unique skill in writing poems, which is both valuable and valuable to him.