Author's brief introduction Paul éluard (1895— 1952), a famous French poet in modern and contemporary times, was originally named Eugene Emile Paul Green dyer. He was born in Saint-Denis, a modern industrial city in the north of Paris. His father is an accountant and his mother is a tailor. My father later went to Paris to run a real estate business. 19 12 summer, Ai Lvya was seriously ill and had to interrupt his studies. In Davao's sanatorium, he read a lot of works and began to try literary creation. He was called to the front as a nurse in World War I. 19 17 He published his first book of poetry, Responsibility and Anxiety. After the war, through the introduction of Jean Braun, Ai Lvya got to know Brighton and Aragon. 1924, a marriage crisis made Ai Lvya go to Tahiti in the Pacific Ocean alone. Half a year later, he returned to France and devoted himself to the surrealist movement, and wrote many important works: The Capital of Pain (1926), The Bottom of Life or the Pyramid of Human Beings (1926) and Love and Poetry. Ai Lvya is closely related to painters in the surrealist movement, including early max ernst and later Picasso. Due to different political and artistic views, Ai Lvya and Brighton parted ways at the end of 1938. During this period, he published Rich Eyes (1936), Free Hands (1937) and The Stream of Nature (1938). He actively participated in the resistance movement during World War II, and wrote poems such as Poetry and Truth (1942, 1943) and Dating the Germans (1944). After the war, the poet published an uninterrupted collection of poems (1946), and also wrote some poems with strong political inclination, such as political poems (1948) and poems for all (1948). The death of his second wife Nushu hit him so hard that he almost committed suicide. He can only seek comfort and balance from his own poems: a moral lesson (1949), everything can be said (195 1), and phoenix (19565438+). 1952165438+10/8, a sudden angina pectoris took the poet's life. 1953, two uninterrupted poems by Ai Lvya were published. Ai Lvya's poems are not only deliberately innovative in form, but also close to reality, and make unremitting and in-depth exploration of the meaning of love and life, which makes him one of the best French poets in the 20th century.
I wrote your name on all the pages I have read/on all the blank pages/on stones, blood, paper or ashes/on golden pictures/on the swords of warriors/on the crowns of kings/in tropical jungles and deserts/on the nests and flowers/on the echoes of childhood/I wrote your name. On the daily white bread/in the four seasons of engagement/I write your name on all my old blue cloth heads/on the pond with rotten sun/on the lake with bright moonlight/I write your name on Yuan Ye, on the horizon/on the wings of birds/on the shadowy mill/I write your name on the rising sun/on the sea, on the boat/on the high mountain. In the dense and boring rain/I wrote your name on the flashing shape/on the colorful clock/on the truth of nature/I wrote your name on the waking path/on the stretched road/in the crowded square/I wrote your name on a lit lamp/on an extinguished lamp/on the house where we gathered/I wrote your name in the mirror and in my room/cut it in half. On my empty bed/I wrote your name on my greedy and docile puppy/on its erect ears/on its clumsy paws/on the door panel of my house/on those familiar things/on the trembling candlelight/on the harmonious body/on my friend's forehead/on every outstretched hand/on the glass window that covers the surprise. Above the silence/I wrote your name in my ruined shelter/in my collapsed lighthouse/on my troubled wall/I wrote your name in the emptiness without desire/in the loneliness of * * * */in the track of death/I wrote your name in my recovered body/in the danger of disappearing/in the carefree hope/I wrote your name because of the magic of these two words.
Appreciation of Works The poem "Freedom" was written during the Second World War and was included in the collection of poems and truth published by Ai Lvya 1942. At that time, Europe was under the heel of fascism, France was strangled by Nazi Germany, and freedom was strangled in the dust. After reading this poem, we can feel the poet's desire for freedom and strong pursuit. The poet seems to be dreaming, and the power that drives him to write "freedom" on all objects is his subconscious desire for freedom and national liberation. The poem is long, * * * 2 1 85 lines, which inherits the characteristics of western poetry. From the first quarter to the fourth quarter, the poet dreamed of the old things he saw in his childhood: primary school students' exercise books, school desks, trees outside the classroom, sand in summer and snow in winter. When he wrote the second season, his dreams became a little vague, and "stones, blood, paper or ashes" appeared on the pages and blank pages he had read. Then the poet seemed to see those "golden pictures" in the book, with ancient warriors painted on them. Thinking of losing land and falling into alien rule with the whole nation, childhood is gone forever, and carefree and free life cannot be restored. Now the scene of my childhood reappears in my dream, so the poet wrote the word freedom on these old things affectionately. "On the Echo of Childhood/I Write Your Name" is the most refreshing sentence. When I was a child, all tangible objects became echoes through time. Until now, even the poet has not let go of this echo, and has written the name of freedom on it. Writing down the name of freedom on the ethereal echo, this artistic conception is ethereal and illusory, which deepens the reader's dream. Then the poet's dream moved to nature, and from verse 5 to verse 10, a series of natural landscapes were listed. Of course, dreams are incoherent and illogical. Sometimes other things are inserted into the natural scenery, and the natural scenery itself often changes its appearance. For example, in Wonders of the Night, I strangely imagined the "white bread" that is indispensable every day. Later, the poet saw his "sky blue old cloth" and a rotten pond. In this pond, even the sun is rotten and moldy, but it is a beautiful lake with a shining moon on it. The poet's eyes turned to vilen and the distant horizon, and the homing night birds fluttered their wings. Piles of shadows are like black mills. In all the beautiful scenery in these dreams, the poet wrote the word "freedom" with joy. Later, the dream moved from the underground to the sky, like a bubble cloud, and the storm fell from the sky with "sweat" and "dense and boring rain". It is in this amorphous natural landscape that poets fantasize about being able to write free names. He seems to have unlimited power and can bring freedom to everything in the world. From section 1 1 to section 16, the poet's dream returns from nature to the "world" and the familiar things around him. "Half-cut fruit" seems to refer to the French territory that was split in two at that time, namely the "occupied area" in the north and the Vichy regime in the south. If this conjecture can be established, the two images of "lighted lamp" and "extinguished lamp" can be well explained: "extinguished lamp" refers to France, where people struggled under the dark rule of Nazi, and "lighted lamp" obviously refers to "led by Charles de Gaulle" in London. The poet stroked his beloved puppy and wrote "freedom" on it. He looked at all the familiar objects around him. A candle was burning, and the trembling flame shone on everything in the house. The poet thinks that freedom is precious. Without freedom, all the things he loves will become dull, so he wrote its name on these things. The poet also dreamed of his friends who took part in the resistance movement. He wrote the name of freedom on their foreheads and outstretched hands to encourage each other. From section 17 to section 2 1, the poet's graffiti objects become illusory and more abstract. "On the glass window that covers the surprise", what does surprise mean! This may be the people's resistance. The people's "lips of dedication" have never been silent. Once it breaks out, it will be earth-shaking. For Nazi fascists, it's not just surprise. The poet engaged in underground activities, avoiding the clutches of the Nazis everywhere, and the Freedom Lighthouse temporarily fell. Poets are worried about the fate of the country and the nation as well as their own. He often feels "empty" and "lonely", as if he heard the footsteps of death walking outside the door and saw the "footprints" left by it. The pursuit of freedom is always accompanied by danger, and sometimes it even costs a lot. But the poet was not intimidated by all this, even in his dream, he saw the dawn of hope; The injured body will recover, the danger will disappear, and the bud of hope will grow unscrupulously. Section 2 1 seems to be a monologue after the poet wakes up from his dream. It is straightforward and full of emotion, and the logical connection between sentences is very clear, which is very different from previous poems. When I woke up, the poet's belief in pursuing freedom became more firm. The last word "freedom" has only three syllables in the original text, but it seems to have a deafening effect in the reader's ears, lasting for a long time and having far-reaching significance. The "freedom" that the poet scribbled in his dream became clear at this moment. Freedom is contained in everything and can't be suffocated. It is rooted in everyone's heart. In addition, the "freedom" of the last sentence and the "freedom" of the poem title just form a cycle, which echoes from afar, showing the poet's ingenuity. Looking at the whole poem, we can find that this poem has two main characteristics. First, the originality of poetic form. The theme of the poem "Freedom" comes straight to the point and is not obscure at all. There are 20 "I wrote your name" in the 85 lines. The sentence patterns of the first 20 sentences are all "above", and the methods of "overlapping sentences" and "repetition" are adopted here. If this technique is not used properly, it will give people a sense of laxity and boredom. However, Ai Lvya successfully used it in his poems. In the first part, the poet lists the old things of childhood, then the natural landscape, and then the familiar people and things around him. In the fourth part, he rose to the abstract concept. Although this is a fantastic picture, it can still be divided into clearer levels. The poet's feeling is very delicate, and the objects and scenery listed give people a sense of intimacy. The last sentence of each paragraph, "I wrote down your name", is full of affection and can infect readers very much, causing them to sing. Although there is no rhyme in the whole poem, every syllable is roughly the same, and the rhythm and words are full of musical harmony. The second feature is that the poet makes good use of many strange images and novel words to deepen the reader's impression, which shows the poet's profound skill in refining words and making sentences. The vocabulary of poetry should not only be concise, but also have symbolic and suggestive functions. In other words, concise words should contain as many connotations as possible, which can stimulate readers' imagination and beauty as much as possible. Although Freedom is not the best work in this field, there are many good poems full of images and thought-provoking, such as: On the echo of my childhood/I wrote your name; On the sunny pond/on the moonlit lake/I wrote your name, and so on. "Novelty" and "strangeness" are the goals pursued by surrealist poets. Although Ai Lvya broke away from the surrealist movement, he inherited this legacy. In the poem Freedom, novel images abound: bubbles in the clouds, sweat in heavy rain, colored bells, walls of troubles, loneliness in * * * and so on. Dreams are the fulfillment of wishes. When the poet Ai Lvya's desire was suppressed, he constructed a dream in his poems, thus realizing his wish-not only one person's wish, but also the whole nation's wish. Freedom should not be illusory, it exists on everything in the universe, and everything is branded with the word "freedom". May freedom no longer be a dream, which is probably the hope of the author of Freedom.