As we know, the script of Shang Dynasty was Oracle Bone Inscriptions. From the analysis of current research results, Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a very mature writing system in quantity and nature.
In terms of quantity, Oracle Bone Inscriptions can cope with everyday words, and there are many variants, but these variants show signs of sorting out.
In terms of quality, Oracle Bone Inscriptions has got rid of pictures, that is, not pure paintings, but symbolic words.
The development of things is from quantitative change to qualitative change, and quantitative change is a very long process. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is very mature, but it didn't reach this point in one day, and it takes a long time to evolve.
According to the above speculation, there must have been words before the Shang Dynasty, but no strong evidence has been found yet. However, future scientists will prove this.
Question 2: What are the linguistic features of ancient poetry, such as Song Qi's "Red Apricot Branches in Spring", which is well used and shows the specific characteristics of apricot flowers: bright, warm and red as fire, giving people a noisy feeling and also showing the lively scene of bees flying butterflies on apricot branches.
2. Implicit. Its characteristic is to hide thoughts and feelings in images, so as to achieve "implied meaning" and "incoherent and endless meaning", such as Li Shangyin's Chang 'e, "mica screen candle shadow is deep, the long river is gradually falling, and the stars are sinking. Chang' e should regret stealing the elixir, the sky is high and the clouds are light, and the night is bright and cool. " This poem is very implicit, which is a denial of seeking immortality and learning Taoism at that time. Chang 'e stole the elixir that Hou Yi asked the Queen Mother of the West, became a fairy, and entered the Moon Palace to live forever. But living under the blue sky, alone, very lonely. What's the point of living forever?
3. refining. It is characterized by summarizing rich content with the least language and using meticulous words. For example, Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" has 28 words and describes five groups of pictures. Every picture has a center, and the center of the whole picture is "people (heartbroken people)"
4. Fresh. Its characteristics are novel language and unconventional. Freshness is generally used in landscape poetry. Generally, the poetic style is distinct, the language is popular, the metaphor is novel and unique, and it contains the author's joy. The fresh wind is common in the following poems. First, for most pastoral poets, Tao Qian's poems are mainly dull and sometimes fresh, while Wang Wei and Meng Haoran's poems are relatively fresh.
5. Plain, also known as plain. It is characterized by direct statement with exact words, or sketching, unadorned, true, profound and approachable. Plain is different from mediocrity and plain. It is the deep feelings and rich thoughts expressed in simple language, full of affection, so it is often dull and thoughtful. As Wang Anshi said, it seems the most bizarre, but in fact it is easy to achieve but difficult.
Tao Yuanming is the first plain poem, and few people can write plain poems. Li Yu's ci is definitely not dull, on the contrary, it has strong emotional power.
6. Great. It is characterized by rich rhetoric, gorgeous literary talent and fantastic feelings. Such as Du Mu's "Jiangnan Spring".
For example, a spring outing in Qiantang Lake: A few early warblers compete for warm trees, whose family is Chun Yan chopping spring mud.
7. Bright. It is characterized by firmness and decisiveness. Such as Bai Juyi's "Selling Charcoal Weng". Nothing is brighter than Bai Juyi. Others, such as implication and conciseness, are not unique to that poet. Most poets have some more or less. In fact, when doing a problem, we often can't separate a feature, but often put it together, such as simplicity, freshness and simplicity. And the language style of poetry is far from being summarized by these words.
8. Concise. It is characterized by neatness and conciseness. For example, Jia Dao's "Li Ning's Seclusion". Speak clearly as a language.
Question 3: What are the characteristics of poetry? Poetry Pinyin: sh \g The Book of Songs.
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Basic explanation
[Poetry and songs; Poetry is interpreted as a lyrical literary genre in modern Chinese. ||| "Mao Shi-Preface" contains: "Where is the poet's ambition?" In my heart, I will speak like a poem. " Song Yan's Poems on Canglang said: "Poets also chant temperament". In ancient China, unhappy people were called poems and happy people were called songs. In modern times, they are collectively called poetry. There is only one art expressed in words: poetry.
detailed description
In ancient China, unhappy people were called poems and happy people were called songs. In modern times, they are generally called poems. It expresses social life and people's spiritual world according to certain syllables and rhythms. The origin of poetry can be traced back to ancient times. There are related documents in Yu Shun period. The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems, which is said to have been compiled by Confucius. In recent years, there is still debate on this issue in academic circles. China's ancient poetry experienced the development of Yuefu, Tang Poetry, Song Poetry and Yuan Qu in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. Hanshu? "Rites and Music" records: "If it is difficult to achieve with relatives, then from poetry, the string of Zhong Shi." Han Xun said, "Han Ji? Hui Di Ji is a poem. Tang Hanyu's Preface to Poems in Xitang, Yunzhou: "Although, the work of Si Tang says that there are words but no poems, it connects the people of the country with Tao, regardless of public morality." "Zhen ze long language Wang Minghao? Official system: "Hanlin in Tang and Song Dynasties is a very strict place, and many people can see it in poetry. "Lu Xun's letters? To Dou: "Although there are two kinds of poems: reading and singing, the latter is better. "
Edit the source of this paragraph
Poetry originated from ancient social life and became a rhythmic and colorful language form because of labor production, sex and primitive religion. "History? Yu Shu: "Poetry expresses aspiration, song expresses aspiration, sound is eternal, law and harmony. "Book of Rites? Music notes: "Poetry expresses ambition; Song, chanting its voice; Dance, move its capacity; The three are based on the heart, and then the instrument follows it. "In the early days, poetry, song, music and dance were integrated. Poetry is the lyrics, which are always sung with music and dance in actual performances. Later, poetry, song, music and dance developed independently and became independent adults. Poems and songs are collectively called poems. Poetry is the oldest and most literary style. It originated from the ancient labor chant (later developed into folk songs) and sacrificial eulogy. Poetry used to be a general term for poetry and songs, and poetry combined with music and dance was called poetry. China's poems have a long history and rich heritage, such as The Book of Songs, Songs of the South, Han Yuefu and the works of countless poets. Poetry in Western Europe was written by Homer and Sappho in ancient Greece and Virgil and Horace in ancient Rome.
Edit this paragraph to develop.
The development of poetry has gone through the development process of The Book of Songs → Chu Ci → Han Fu → Han Yuefu Poetry → Jian 'an Poetry → Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Folk Songs → Tang Poetry → Song Poetry → Song Yuan Poetry → Ming and Qing Poetry → Modern Poetry.
Edit the characteristics of this paragraph
Poetry is a highly concentrated literary genre that reflects social life. Full of the author's thoughts and feelings and rich imagination. Its language is concise and vivid, with distinct rhythm, harmonious rhyme and rich musical beauty. The sentences are generally in rows and pay attention to the beauty of structural form. He Qifang, a modern poet and literary critic in China, once said: "Poetry is the literary style that most strongly reflects social life. It is full of rich imagination and feelings, and it is often expressed in a direct lyrical way. Moreover, in the degree of exquisiteness and harmony, especially in the distinct rhythm, its language and prose are different. " This definition summarizes several basic characteristics of poetry: first, it reflects life in a highly concentrated and general way; The second is lyrical expression, full of rich thoughts and feelings; Third, rich imagination, association and fantasy; Fourth, language has musical beauty.
Edit the expression of this paragraph
There are many ways to express poetry. The traditional way of expression that was first popular in China and is still often used today is "Fu, Bi and Xing". "Preface to Mao Poetry" said: "Therefore, poetry has six meanings: one is wind, the other is fu, the third is comparison, the fourth is pride, the fifth is elegance and the sixth is fu." In the meantime, there is a quatrain called: "Three lights, the sun, the moon and the stars, and four poems are elegant." In the six meanings, "style, elegance and praise" refers to the types of poems in the Book of Songs, and "Fu, Bi and Xing" are the expressions in poems. Fu: It is a way to express things directly. Zhu, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, said in the Notes on Poems: "The giver must tell the truth." For example, Ah Q in The Book of Songs used this technique. ......& gt& gt
Question 4: the characteristics of prose language The characteristics of poetic language are simply "scattered in form but not in spirit", and different writers have different styles, either delicate or bold; Poetry, the modern poem Zhuang, is concise and profound, and modern poetry, like prose, has different styles.