In this poem, Tao Yuanming bluntly put forward the view that "the innocent fashion of the agricultural era has long been lost" and expressed his sorrow for the corruption in the real society.
Some people say that this poem can be read as the academic and cultural history of China. Indeed, from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when Confucius revived rites and music, to the furious Qin Dynasty, to the Han Dynasty, where old people were diligent in teaching classics, and to the Wei, Jin and Song Dynasties, where there was no Confucius, all showed the decline of Confucian culture in China.
This is not so much Tao Yuanming's review of the decline of Confucian culture in China as his sorrow for the decline of the whole society in China. Through this review, Tao Yuanming proved the correctness of his view that "the real fashion of the Western Agricultural Age has long been lost".
Due to the historical background, in order to avoid being killed, Tao Yuanming can only say that his views are mostly fallacious "wine talk"!
The era of agriculture has passed for a long time, and there is rarely a pure and true fashion in the whole society. Confucius rushed to camp in Lu, hoping to repair this broken society and make it return to innocence. Although there is no clear hope in the world, ceremonies and music have been rearranged so that the world can follow them. Rites, music, string songs, whispers between Zhu and Si were all cut off, and the river went from bad to worse in the tyrannical Qin Dynasty. What's wrong with poetry collection? Why did it suddenly turn to ashes? A wretched old man who studied in the Han Dynasty taught classics diligently. Why didn't anyone read the Six Classics in our time after the demise of the Han Dynasty? Cars and horses chasing fame and fortune on the road run all day, and now no one like Confucius stops to ask for directions. If I don't drink well, I'm sorry about the headscarf I used to drink. It's a pity that I have offended everyone by saying so many absurd and heretical wine words. You should forgive me for being drunk.
"Xi Nong has been with me for a long time, and there are few true feelings in the world." Xi is called Fuxi and agriculture is called Shennong. Both of them are legendary ancient emperors. The ancients regarded ancient society as a political ideal. I began to sigh that it has been a long time since I left agriculture, and there are few pure fashions in the whole society. From ancient times to the present, the focus is on the "world" where I live. Readers should pay attention to this. "Take advantage of the old man in the middle of the road and sew him up." Painting looks diligent. Lu Zhongsou refers to Confucius. Confucius was a native of Shandong in the Spring and Autumn Period. Sewing, that is, salvage. Confucius spent his whole life trying to save the people of the world and be innocent. The word spring is synonymous with the real word above, and both refer to moral fashion. Or think that Yuanming's poems like to use real words, so Yuanming is a family. It's not that simple. This poem uses real words, and the whole poem praises Confucianism. It can be seen that the theories of Confucianism and Taoism will be consistent in Yuan Ming's mind. "Although the phoenix bird has not arrived, the ceremony and music are temporarily new." Phoenix bird, from the Analects of Confucius Zi Han, "Confucius said,' Phoenix bird doesn't arrive, Jiang doesn't draw, I'm already gone! Legend has it that the arrival of the phoenix bird is a "saint's order" and a symbol of world peace. Historical Records of Confucius' Family records that Confucius had a small room, abandoned rites and music, and lacked poetry books. Knowing that this was not possible, Confucius went back to Lu, deleted poems and books, arranged rituals and music, compiled Chunqiu and prefaced Yi Zhuan to teach his disciples. Although Confucius failed to make the world peaceful, he sorted out and promoted poetry, books, rites and music, which made the traditional culture look brand-new. The above four sentences praise Confucius' spiritual and cultural achievements in his life, and his admiration is beyond words. "Zhu Si is whispering, wandering and catching crazy Qin. "Zhu Si, that is, Zhu Si and Zhu Si, two waters flow through Lu, and between Zhu Si: it is the place where Confucius taught. Whispering or whispering, implicit words are terrible words, referring to Confucius' theory. "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" cloud; "In the past, Zhong Ni did not say anything, and seventy sons lost their righteousness." These two poems say that Confucius' disciples have passed away one after another, and the world has never heard of benevolence and righteousness, and the years are like water, even in the Qin Dynasty. Drifting is a good word to play with. Literally speaking, it comes from the two rivers, and morally speaking, it means that "those who can talk and talk are all over the world" (The Analects of Confucius). From the Spring and Autumn Period of Confucius' life to the Qin Dynasty, the middle period was the Warring States Period. The word drifting refers to the Warring States period. A crazy word, to the Qin dynasty. If Yuan Ming writes casually, it is actually very measured. "What is the sin of" poetry "and" book "? Once turned into dust. " This statement was a cultural catastrophe in the Qin Dynasty. Historical Records of Qin Shihuang's Biography contains Qin Shihuang's suggestion on implementing Lisi's suggestion: "Anyone who dares to collect poems, books and hundreds of languages in the world should know and keep them. Those who dare to talk about "poetry" and "books" abandon the market. Think of the past as a family that is not the present. Those officials are all guilty of the same crime if they don't mention it. If it doesn't burn for the next 30 days, it will be a city. " What is the crime of "poetry" and "book", and what is the crime of culture? Once burned to ashes. These two poems hit the nail on the head and revealed the anti-cultural essence of Qin Shihuang's autocracy. In Yuan Ming's mind, the academic culture represented by poems and songs is really incompatible with tyranny. "All the old people in the area are sincere and diligent about things." These two sentences were written by Confucian scholars in Qin and Han Dynasties. Just like boxing, loyal and diligent. Historical Records Biography of Confucian Scholars records that at the end of Qin Dynasty, Confucian scholars risked their lives to join the Chen She Uprising Army that overthrew the rule of Qin Dynasty. Han Xing, an old Confucian scholar, tried to teach Confucian classics. For example, Fu Sheng in Jinan textual research the Book of History, which was burned in Qin Dynasty, Fu Sheng was hidden in the wall, Han Xing granted it to Qilu, and Emperor Wen of Han ordered Chao Cuo to accept it. Shifusheng is over ninety years old. These two poems lament the enthusiasm of Confucian scholars in protecting and teaching cultural classics in Qin and Han Dynasties. "How beautiful, six people have no relatives." Unique love refers to the reality of writing back to the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty after the Han Dynasty. The six books are the six classics, and the Confucian group classics. Gan Bao, a Jin Dynasty man, said in the General Theory of Jin Dynasty: "Scholars learn from Laozi and Zhuangzi, but learn from Six Classics." These two poems lament the contemporary style of study, and no one is close to the Six Classics. What Gambao recorded is proof. "I drive all day and I can't see what I care about." Ask, a book "The Analects of Confucius". "Dragon colt, get rid of drowning, and Confucius will pass it on, so that you can ask." Chang Ju and Jie Drowning were hermits in the Spring and Autumn Period. Tianjin refers to the ferry. These two poems outline the ugly state of contemporary scholars running around all day, vying for fame and fortune. No one is interested in the world like Confucius' disciples when they are sad. "Wang Jinya Biography" contains: "When Ya was a prince and a teacher, Wang Yaer got married, and the guests rode more cars. More than half the people came back to you. Customs are corrupt and shameless. " What Yuan Ming accused was this shameless world style at that time. In the above four sentences, anger responds to the contemporary style of study and the world style, which is "the world is less true". The world wind poured water on this idea. "If you don't drink quickly, the towel on your head will be gone." "Biography of Tao Qian in the Book of Song Dynasty" records that Yuan and Ming once "took a kudzu towel from his head, soaked it in wine, and then returned it." Poetry covers the matter. If you don't drink too much, it's really a waste of time and you've failed this towel on your head. This is pretending to be drunk. The conclusion of the pen follows this cloud: "But hate is more fallacious, so you have to forgive me." It means: I hate that I have many fallacies, but the world should forgive me for being intoxicating. The above are indignation against reality, all of which are Zhuang language, and the drunken language is self-explanatory and harmonious. It revealed the darkness of the political society at that time. Li Guangdi's Selected Poems of Rongcun Village in Qing Dynasty put it well: "The tiller gets his place, and he has to avoid it. People like Xie Lingyun and Bao Mingyuan can see it when they see a little talent. "
In Yuan Ming's poems, he silently recited the heart of history and culture and felt the whole picture. Its ultimate concern is the real society. As the poem shows, Yuan Ming's observation of history and reality is the close connection between academic culture and the people of the world. The ethos of "driving all day without seeing what you want" in the Jin Dynasty is related to the style of study of "six countries have no relatives". "The old people in the area are sincere and diligent", which is the style of study in the Han Dynasty. The prosperity of the Han Dynasty is self-evident. What about the Qin Dynasty? "What is the sin of" poetry "and" book "? Once turned into dust. " Qin's short life is self-evident. Yuan Ming is more profound than traditional ideology and culture, so he observed historical reality and put forward such a view. There are different views on Yuan Ming's poems. However, there is no doubt that this poem is an important work to understand Yuan Ming's thoughts and feelings. Yuan Ming's concern for social reality should also be affirmed.
This poem can be said to be based on discussion. It's just that the poet has deep feelings and deep resentment, so although he talks about it, he does not lose his poetic style. In the poem, praise and sigh, low lingering, expressing sadness, but harmonious, are enough to make the item memorable. China's poems are humorous, but he also pays attention to writing and even commenting. China's poetry has achieved great success because he has read profound poems, even those of Du Fu and poets. He should be regarded as Zhihu.