Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain.
Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!
According to Xue Yongwei's Collection of Legacies in the Tang Dynasty, during the Kaiyuan period, Wang Zhihuan, Gao Shi and Wang Changling went to the hotel to drink, and when the actors in the pear garden sang and feasted, they privately agreed to name the poems according to their singing. As a result, all three people's poems were sung, and the most beautiful woman in Zhu Lingzhong sang "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds". Wang Zhihuan is very proud, and this is the famous story of "painting a wall and hanging a flag pavilion". It may not be true. However, it shows that Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci" has become a famous piece widely sung at that time.
The first sentence of the poem captures the special feeling of looking at the Yellow River from the bottom (swimming) to the top (swimming) from near and far, and depicts the moving picture of "the Yellow River is far above the white clouds": the surging Yellow River flies to the clouds like a ribbon. Writing is really a leap of thought, and the weather is open. Another famous poem of the poet, "And the Ocean Drains Gold River", is viewed from the opposite angle, from top to bottom; Li Bai's "How the Yellow River Water Moves Out of the Sky" is different from this sentence. Although it is also about looking at the upper reaches, the line of sight is from far to near. "All rivers run into the sea" and "How the water of the Yellow River moves out of the sky" are deliberately exaggerating the style of the Yellow River, showing dynamic beauty. "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds", the direction of which is opposite to that of the river, which is intended to highlight its long-standing leisure state and show a static beauty. At the same time, it shows the vast and magnificent scenery of the border, which is worthy of being a strange sentence throughout the ages.
The second sentence "Isolated City, Wan Ren Mountain" appears as an isolated city on the frontier, which is one of the main images of this poem and belongs to the main part of the "picture scroll". "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds" is its background, and "Wan Ren Mountain" is its near background. Against the background of the mountains in Yuanchuan, it is helpful to see that the city is in a dangerous terrain and lonely situation. "Pian" is an idiom in Tang poetry, which is often associated with "loneliness" (such as "a lonely sail" and "a lonely cloud"). ). Here, it is equivalent to "a seat", but this word has an extra layer of "thin" meaning. A lonely city like Mobei, of course, is not a residential area, but a fortress on the edge, suggesting that readers have husbands in their poems. As a vocabulary of classical poetry, "Lonely City" has a specific meaning. It is often associated with the sadness of leaving people, such as "The sunset in Kuifu ancient city is oblique, and every Beidou Wangjing is in China" (Du Fu's Autumn Prosperity), "Knowing the Han people far away makes Xiao Guan go out and worry about seeing the sunset in the old city" (Wang Wei's Send Wei to Comment on Things) and so on. Firstly, the image of "lonely city" in the second sentence is introduced to prepare for further describing the psychology of husband recruitment in the next two sentences.
Poetry begins with a description of the vastness and desolation of mountains and rivers, and bears the loneliness and danger of the defenders. The third sentence suddenly turns, introducing the sound of Qiang flute. The tune played by Qiangdi is "Folding Willow", which can't help but arouse people's sadness. This sentence is translated into Yuefu's "Cross Blowing Songs and Folding Willow Songs", "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will fold Yang Liuzhi. Playing the flute on the bench and worrying about killing travelers is very poetic. The custom of "breaking willows to bid farewell" was the most popular in the Tang Dynasty. "Willow" has a more direct relationship with parting. Therefore, people will not only feel sad when they see willow trees, but also feel sad when they hear the flute sound of "folding willow". The sentence "strong enemy" is not about "smelling willow", but about "resenting willow", which is particularly wonderful. This avoids directly using the title of the song, and turns the board into life, which can trigger more associations and deepen poetry. Outside Yumenguan, the spring breeze is not strong, and the willows are not green. If you want to fold a willow to express your feelings, you can't. This is even more embarrassing than breaking a willow to say goodbye. When people listen to songs in this mood, it seems that the flute is also complaining about the willow. The resentment revealed is strong, but it is euphemistically expressed in the broad explanation of "why complain", which is deep, implicit and intriguing. This third sentence conveys such rich poetry in the question, and the last sentence "Spring breeze is not enough to pass Yumenguan" is logical. Entering the poem with the word' Yumenguan' is also related to making people think. "The Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty says:" I dare not look at Jiuquan County, but hope that Yumenguan will be born. " Therefore, the last sentence was written in the biting cold, implying infinite homesickness. If we compare this poem "Liangzhou Ci" with some frontier poems after the middle Tang Dynasty (such as Zhang Qiao's "Old Soldiers of Hehuang"), we will find that although this poem is extremely about the resentment of those who are imprisoned in the frontier fortress and are not allowed to go home, it is tragic and desolate, and there is no melancholy mood, which shows the broad-minded mind of the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Even if you write sad grievances, you are strong in sadness and generous in sadness. The word "Why complain" not only shows the euphemism and implication of its artistic technique, but also shows that the frontier guards at that time realized the great responsibility of defending the country and defending the border when they were homesick, so that they could forgive themselves. Perhaps it is because of the sadness of Liangzhou Ci that it can become a typical representative of "Tang Yin".
also
Liangzhou Song
Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River is far above the white clouds.
Wan Ren is an isolated city.
Why should a strong brother complain about Liu?
The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass.
Appreciation of Wang Zhihuan's Poetry
This is a vigorous and desolate frontier poem. Liangzhou Ci, the lyrics of Liangzhou Song. Yuefu Poetry Collection (Volume 79) and Modern Songs contain Liangzhou songs, and it is explained that they were written by the governor of Xiliangfu during the reign of Xuanzong Kaiyuan. Liangzhou is now located in Wuwei County, Gansu Province. The bold and unrestrained singing of this poem shows us the magnificent mountains and rivers in the northwest of the motherland. The beauty of the northwest frontier described in the poem is absolutely different from the softness, charm and brightness of the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River, but a kind of lofty beauty and rough beauty, which is enough to sublimate the spiritual world and make people feel the beauty of their own strength. This beauty reminds people of history and the future, and makes the human body realize eternity and infinity. The first two sentences of this poem can best express this aesthetic feeling. "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds. It is an isolated city, Wan Ren." The Yellow River, the cradle of the Chinese nation, has a long history. Looking from a distance, I saw it winding and running among thousands of mountains. It seems to fall from the sky, and it seems to flow to the sky. "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds" is the poet's true feelings. In the endless land, the poet only sees two things: the Yellow River flowing on the ground and the white clouds floating in the sky. Poets are focused, empty and never lonely. The Yellow River and white clouds are bright and beautiful in color contrast. Water and clouds make people feel the grandeur and vastness of the universe.
The second sentence "Isolated City, Wan Ren Mountain" appears as an isolated city on the frontier, which is one of the main images of this poem and belongs to the main part of the "picture scroll". "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds" is its background, and "Wan Ren Mountain" is its near background. Against the background of the mountains in Yuanchuan, it is helpful to see that the city is in a dangerous terrain and lonely situation. "Pian" is an idiom in Tang poetry, which is often associated with "loneliness" (such as "a lonely sail" and "a lonely cloud"). Here, it is equivalent to "a seat", but the word uses an extra layer of "thin". A lonely city like Mobei is certainly not a residential area, but a fortress guarding the border, which also implies that readers have husbands in their poems. As a vocabulary of classical poetry, "Lonely City" has a specific meaning. It is often associated with the sadness of leaving people, such as "the sunset in Kuifu ancient city is oblique, and every time the Beidou Wangjing flowers bloom" (Du Fu's Autumn Prosperity), "Seeing the Han Dynasty from a distance makes a small pass, worrying about the sunset in the ancient city" (Wang Wei's Comments on Sending Wei) and so on. Firstly, the image of "lonely city" in the second sentence is introduced to prepare for further describing the psychology of husband recruitment in the next two sentences. "Why should Qiangdi complain about Liu?" The poet expressed his deep feelings for this vast frontier. Qiangdi is a musical instrument with local color in the northwest frontier. Liu Yang: The provincial name of Yang Liuzhi, Han Song. Also known as "folding willow". As a custom in the Tang Dynasty, a willow branch is often sent as a farewell, which means "silk length" (the same as "thinking length"). Therefore, Yang Liuzhi is often used as a farewell song. The poet's mood was aroused when the sound of Qiangdi floated to the familiar melody of Yang Liuzhi in the wind. The flute is full of sadness, lingering in the empty Shan Ye. That's the sergeant at the front line playing a farewell song. They once bid farewell to their loved ones in this heartbreaking music and embarked on a long journey. Now, as long as they play this piece of music, their eyes will immediately see the tears of their wives and children and the sad faces of their loving mothers. The poet comforted them: "Why should a strong brother complain about Liu? The spring breeze is just Yumen Pass. " Why do you borrow Yang Liuzhi to express your bitterness? You know, the spring breeze can't blow through Yumen Pass. These two sentences are about the desolation and injustice of the frontier and turn the mood into sadness. But this kind of sadness is not a general lament, but implies irony. Yang Shen's Poem of Sheng 'an, Volume II, said: "This poem is not as generous as the frontier fortress, and the so-called military gate is far away from Wan Li." It can be seen that the poet's original intention is not to exaggerate the cold beyond the Great Wall, saying that there is no spring breeze there, but to imply with natural phenomena that the supreme ruler living in the bustling imperial city is not sympathetic to the levy, so that soldiers far away in Yumenguan will guard the border regardless.
This poem is a picture of the magnificent scenery in the northwest frontier, and it is also an elegy full of sympathy for the soldiers who went to war. The unity of the two in just four poems is reverie-provoking, thought-provoking, witty and timeless.