2. How to learn classical Chinese in junior high school Chinese learning report Classical Chinese is a written language based on ancient Chinese and an article written in classical Chinese.
To learn classical Chinese well, I would like to make some suggestions: First, we must read more when reading and learning classical Chinese, so as to form a sense of language. There are three points in reading: 1, and the pronunciation is accurate.
Generally speaking, the pronunciation should be based on modern Putonghua, and some words with different pronunciations (a word has more than two pronunciations) should be treated according to the specific context. 2. Read the sentence correctly (dü u).
Reading sentences refers to where words stop. Usually, we should accumulate more rules of pause, and we can refer to pause in modern Chinese for unfamiliar sentences.
3. Read the correct tone. Read the text according to the author's life and writing background, perceive the emotional tone of the article and correctly handle the reading tone.
Without reading aloud, learning the words and sentence patterns of classical Chinese independently often gets half the result with half the effort, and can't solve the problems that should be solved. Second, translation should improve the translation level of classical Chinese, which can not be achieved overnight. It should be slow and steady, persistent, and pay attention to more practice, and it can only be effective by usual accumulation.
"Faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" is a long-standing criterion for translating classical Chinese. "Faithfulness" means that the translation should be faithful to the original, and the original intention should not be distorted and polished deliberately; "Da" means fluency and fluency, which conforms to the customary requirements of modern Chinese. "Elegance" is the translation of classical Chinese sentences, which should be vivid, beautiful and full of emotion.
Among them, letter is the most important and basic. Specifically, we should pay attention to the following points when translating.
1, and strive to implement every word, mainly literal translation. Literal translation is word-for-word translation, supplemented by free translation, according to the part of speech, word order and sentence pattern of the original text.
2. All proper nouns such as names, place names, dynasties, year numbers, official systems and titles. You can record it without translation. 3. Some special sentence patterns in classical Chinese, such as inverted sentences and prepositions, must be translated according to the grammatical habits of modern Chinese.
4. Ellipsis in classical Chinese is also common. In order to make the translated sentences clear and fluent, the omitted sentence elements should be supplemented during translation. Some words (especially function words in classical Chinese) only play a grammatical role in sentences and have no real meaning, so they cannot be translated.
For example, the word "Fu" in "Fu's War is Brave" is a phrase and cannot be translated. Cao Gui replied, "It takes courage to fight".
Third, reciting students should be able to recite a certain number of famous classical Chinese articles, at least the articles stipulated in Chinese textbooks, and be able to recite them skillfully. Reciting can deepen students' overall perception and understanding of classical Chinese, and it is also a kind of language ability training.
Middle school students should attach importance to the ability of reciting ancient poems, actively train in learning and learning, and effectively improve the level of reciting ability. When reciting, you can copy and recite.
Just copy the text to be memorized several times. In the process of copying, strengthen memory and achieve the purpose of reciting.
The advantage is that you not only recite the text, but also master the more difficult fonts, and at the same time you can remember it. You can also use the method of listening, reading and reciting, that is, a method of listening to others read aloud repeatedly, strengthening memory and achieving reciting.
You can also use the hierarchical understanding and recitation method, that is, according to the understanding of the text, recite the text layer by layer, and finally connect them to complete the whole recitation task. After the text meeting, we should consolidate and strengthen the effect of reciting in time.
There are many ways to recite, and the one that suits you is good. Fourth, to understand and learn the notional words in classical Chinese, we should not necessarily remember some terms, but focus on mastering the meaning of notional words.
What causes students' different meanings is mainly the phenomenon of different meanings in ancient and modern times and polysemy, which requires some real effort to remember. The most taboo is to read the meaning of literature.
Also pay attention to the common words and remember the common words appearing in textbooks, otherwise you will not be able to understand the content of the article accurately. Among the function words in classical Chinese, some function words that may lead to sentence misunderstanding and mistranslation should be summarized, their usage should be distinguished, and their meanings should be clarified.
The most important sentence patterns commonly used in classical Chinese are judgment sentence, inversion sentence and ellipsis sentence. We should recognize these phenomena and understand them correctly. Knowing some basic knowledge of classical Chinese grammar will not hinder the understanding of the text content.
To understand the content of the text, we must first know what the central idea of the text is, what materials the author has chosen, and how to arrange the order and level of the materials; Second, we should know the advantages of selecting materials and arranging the order of texts. You can compare it with other articles and talk about its characteristics.
Third, we should know what measures the author has taken, including rhetoric, flashback and other special methods, to make the article vivid and literary; What are the advantages of the author doing this? Fourth, we should know what contents and skills we should learn in order to enrich our knowledge and improve our ability.
Don't just pay attention to the form, stay on the surface and meaning of the article. Only by exploring the essential things can we learn classical Chinese well, improve our learning ability and enrich our knowledge.
Help me write an 800-word summary of the Chinese exam. Don't speak in classical Chinese. I hope to sum up China people first. I think I have learned Chinese very well this month. I can listen carefully in every class, and the teacher can remember and copy the key points in this book, which is very helpful for Chinese review. My composition has also made great progress. I can write both true and false texts better. Now I am trying to write some argumentative papers or novels. I hope my writing level can be by going up one flight of stairs. I intend to fulfill this wish in the summer vacation. When I do my Chinese homework, I sometimes feel uneasy. Seeing those homework, I will lose energy and give up many practice opportunities. From the summer vacation, I will try my best to calm myself down, finish every question carefully and write it correctly as much as possible. Learning Chinese is a slow task, and the analysis and understanding of the text and the use of words need long-term accumulation and practice. To this end, I read a good composition every week; Learn a reading skill every week. Besides, I have to read more extracurricular books to enrich my mind. In mathematics, I'm less worried. My math scores always satisfy me, and I always get good grades in the big exams. The basis of solving problems is mathematical thinking. "Having mathematical thinking is a necessary condition for learning mathematics well." Indeed, I can't pay too much attention to writing when studying mathematics, but I should focus on thinking. After learning a class. Everyone can do the basic exercises and homework in this lesson, but not everyone can turn an easy question into a difficult one and turn one question into ten. I think the problem is the combination of the basic ideas of mathematics, so it is not difficult to solve the problem. Although I can solve the problem, it is practiced by "crowd tactics" and living brains. Mathematics does not need to use "sea tactics" to gain experience in doing problems. So, it's hard for me. I still need to work hard to really start learning math. In addition, the quality of mentality also determines the level of grades, because the mentality is uncertain, so the math scores fluctuate. But I think the quiz is just an exercise. Although all kinds of exercises should be paid attention to, the degree of attention is different. I try my best to take the big exam, and I can study other courses in my spare time without focusing all my energy on the quiz. On the contrary, it is conducive to the improvement of my comprehensive quality. Because math in the second day of junior high school is the dividing point, what you understand is up, and what you don't understand is down. English, which I am most worried about, is the most "stingy" of all my subjects, and only gives me a little at a time. Watching others make a lot of money by English makes me envious and jealous. But what's the use? After a long time of thinking, I found that I have a good command and recitation of classroom knowledge, but there are still some shortcomings: 1. I have a small vocabulary, and I find it difficult to do cloze and read comprehension. If you don't know some new words, you can't understand the main idea of the article, and I can't even understand the meaning, let alone get the question right. Lost a lot of points! When it comes to the reason, there are only two words: lack of practice! There is a saying that "the body is the capital of the revolution". I haven't had any illness this semester, and my body is relatively healthy. My sports performance has improved. I have achieved good results in standing long jump, throwing solid ball and horizontal bar. Let me sum up my mentality. My state of mind can be divided into "calm" and "impetuous". "Steady" is the first ten days from the mid-term exam to the final exam. I did well in every homework and exam, and I did well in the second monthly exam, and achieved good results. But ten days before the final exam, my mind became impetuous. It may be that I have been tired of doing papers, and my exam results are fluctuating and unstable. If the final exam is still so impetuous, that's too bad! However, the day before the final exam, I finally calmed myself down by various methods, hoping to get a high score. I hope to store energy, have a good rest and exercise in the summer vacation, so as to lay a good foundation for next semester's study. I will never relax myself, study hard and get excellent grades in my senior two studies. I believe I can do it! Finally, I hope I am "once I climb to the top of the mountain and have a look, I will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky." And I will become an all-round excellent middle school student, without complacency and inferiority. Can be modified appropriately! After all, it varies from person to person.
4. How to learn classical Chinese in junior high school Chinese learning report Classical Chinese is a written language based on ancient Chinese and an article written in classical Chinese.
To learn classical Chinese well, I would like to make some suggestions: First, we must read more when reading and learning classical Chinese, so as to form a sense of language. There are three points in reading: 1, and the pronunciation is accurate.
Generally speaking, the pronunciation should be based on modern Putonghua, and some words with different pronunciations (a word has more than two pronunciations) should be treated according to the specific context. 2. Read the sentence correctly (dü u).
Reading sentences refers to where words stop. Usually, we should accumulate more rules of pause, and we can refer to pause in modern Chinese for unfamiliar sentences.
3. Read the correct tone. Read the text according to the author's life and writing background, perceive the emotional tone of the article and correctly handle the reading tone.
Without reading aloud, learning the words and sentence patterns of classical Chinese independently often gets half the result with half the effort, and can't solve the problems that should be solved. Second, translation should improve the translation level of classical Chinese, which can not be achieved overnight. It should be slow and steady, persistent, and pay attention to more practice, and it can only be effective by usual accumulation.
"Faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" is a long-standing criterion for translating classical Chinese. "Faithfulness" means that translation should be faithful to the original text, and the original intention should not be distorted and polished at will; "Da" means fluency and fluency, which conforms to the customary requirements of modern Chinese. "Elegance" is the translation of classical Chinese sentences, which should be vivid, beautiful and full of emotion.
Among them, letter is the most important and basic. Specifically, we should pay attention to the following points when translating.
1, and strive to implement every word, mainly literal translation. Literal translation is word-for-word translation, supplemented by free translation, according to the part of speech, word order and sentence pattern of the original text.
2. All proper nouns such as names, place names, dynasties, year numbers, official systems and titles. You can record it without translation. 3. Some special sentence patterns in classical Chinese, such as inverted sentences and prepositions, must be translated according to the grammatical habits of modern Chinese.
4. Ellipsis in classical Chinese is also common. In order to make the translated sentences clear and fluent, the omitted sentence elements should be supplemented during translation. Some words (especially function words in classical Chinese) only play a grammatical role in sentences and have no real meaning, so they cannot be translated.
For example, the word "Fu" in "Fu's War is Brave" is a phrase and cannot be translated. Cao Gui replied, "It takes courage to fight".
Third, reciting students should be able to recite a certain number of famous classical Chinese articles, at least the articles stipulated in Chinese textbooks, and be able to recite them skillfully. Reciting can deepen students' overall perception and understanding of classical Chinese, and it is also a kind of language ability training.
Middle school students should attach importance to the ability of reciting ancient poems, actively train in learning and effectively improve the level of reciting ability. When reciting, you can copy and recite.
Just copy the text to be memorized several times. In the process of copying, strengthen memory and achieve the purpose of reciting.
The advantage is that you not only recite the text, but also master the more difficult fonts, and at the same time you can remember it. You can also use the method of listening, reading and reciting, that is, a method of listening to others read aloud repeatedly, strengthening memory and achieving reciting.
You can also use the hierarchical understanding and recitation method, that is, according to the understanding of the text, recite the text layer by layer, and finally connect them to complete the whole recitation task. After the text meeting, we should consolidate and strengthen the effect of reciting in time.
There are many ways to recite, and the one that suits you is good. Fourth, to understand and learn the notional words in classical Chinese, we should not necessarily remember some terms, but focus on mastering the meaning of notional words.
What causes students' different meanings is mainly the phenomenon of different meanings in ancient and modern times and polysemy, which requires some real effort to remember. The most taboo is to read the meaning of literature.
Also pay attention to the common words and remember the common words appearing in the teaching materials, otherwise you will not be able to understand the content of the article accurately. Among the function words in classical Chinese, some function words that may lead to sentence misunderstanding and mistranslation should be summarized, their usages should be distinguished and their meanings should be clarified.
The most important sentence patterns commonly used in classical Chinese are judgment sentence, inversion sentence and ellipsis sentence. We should know these phenomena and understand them correctly. Knowing some basic knowledge of classical Chinese grammar will not hinder the understanding of the text content.
To understand the content of the text, we must first know what the central idea of the text is, what materials the author has chosen, and how to arrange the order and level of the materials; Second, we should know the advantages of selecting materials and arranging the order of texts. You can compare it with other articles and talk about its characteristics.
Third, we should know what measures the author has taken, including rhetoric, flashback and other special methods, to make the article vivid and literary; What are the advantages of the author doing this? Fourth, we should know what contents and skills we should learn in order to enrich our knowledge and improve our ability.
Don't just pay attention to the form, stay on the surface and meaning of the article. Only by exploring the essential things can we learn classical Chinese well, improve our learning ability and enrich our knowledge.
5. How to escape the "eye-catching" of the Chinese marking teacher in the senior high school entrance examination? The marking teacher has been marking Chinese compositions for many years. Need to pay attention to: First, at first glance, the overall situation mainly depends on whether the font is neat, whether the volume is clean and whether the layout is reasonable-this is the first impression of the moment when the test paper appears in front of the teacher.
If the font is scrawled, the volume is messy and the layout is unreasonable (big head, long tail, small body, few paragraphs and dense words), the reviewers will be dazzled and confused, and their disgust will suddenly rise. At this point, the reviewers have already had a very bad impression and a bad score on your composition, and your composition is also in danger of being "completely annihilated" or "the general trend will go"; If you want to "collapse the podium", unless your content is very exciting, you are doomed to fail.
In fact, for the "bad plot", the marking teacher has already set the score without even reading the content. Therefore, we must not ignore the formal beauty of the article-the real beauty is the perfect unity of form and content.
In view of this, put forward the countermeasures: 1, and write carefully. The font is neat and untidy; Clear handwriting, black and white; The words in the grid are of moderate size; Roller surface is clean, without coating or wiping; Not much to say (at least "disabled" and at most "bloated").
2. The layout is reasonable. The head and tail are short and pointed.
The number of words in the first and second paragraphs should be controlled within 100, otherwise the head is big, the tail is long and the body is small, and the proportion is out of balance, which will affect the appearance. There is one more paragraph.
If there are too few paragraphs, they are neither beautiful nor layered, which makes people feel that there are many words in their eyes, which is easy to cause visual fatigue. Under normal circumstances, it is appropriate to divide the article into about 7 paragraphs within 1000 words. 3. Choose a good style.
Generally speaking, if you write a narrative, the article written by using the combination of subtitles, diaries and shots is refreshing, intuitive, dense, well-organized, clear-headed and well-organized, which can give people an overall aesthetic effect and easily arouse the interest of reviewers.
6. How to answer the beautiful subjective Chinese questions of Zhejiang college entrance examination marking group?
The college entrance examination marking group shares the skills of marking subjective questions in Chinese, without looking at regret!
20 15- 12-07 2 1:45
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Following the introduction of answering skills of subjective questions in mathematics, politics, physics, geography, history, chemistry and biology, let's take a look at the problems exposed by students in answering subjective questions and the learning suggestions given by experts in the marking group of Chinese subjects.
20 15 subjective questions in the Chinese part of the college entrance examination
Look at the weak points from the wrong-prone questions
20 15 Zhejiang Chinese test paper for college entrance examination adheres to the consistent style-close to real life and pays attention to traditional culture. Although the test questions seek change steadily and innovation through change, both the selection of materials and the key points of examination reflect the characteristics of Chinese discipline that emphasizes foundation, ability and accomplishment.
Some candidates' weaknesses are found in marking, which deserves the attention of Chinese teachers and senior three students. To sum up, there are two main aspects: first, the basic knowledge is not solid enough, and second, the appreciation ability needs to be improved.
Judging from the situation of marking papers, the scores of some small items in the reading part of ancient poems are relatively low, which has a lot to do with the weak foundation and consciousness of classical Chinese of most candidates. For example, 19 is a sentence-breaking question that candidates are familiar with, with 3 points and an average score of 1. 1. The scoring rate is only 37%, and there are many zero points.
Based on these problems in marking this year's college entrance examination, this paper puts forward some suggestions for students who are about to take the 20 16 college entrance examination:
Attach importance to returning to textbooks, especially to the implementation of basic knowledge of classical Chinese and the improvement of basic reading ability. In recent years, Zhejiang college entrance examination Chinese questions have always attached importance to the connection with the content learned in textbooks and the extension of knowledge and ability (such as the annual classical Chinese questions and this year's pragmatic sixth sub-question). Therefore, whether you can master every knowledge point in the textbook and implement every ability requirement will directly affect the effectiveness of college entrance examination review. Many candidates scored low in the classical Chinese reading test, mainly because they didn't have a good understanding and mastery of the basic classical Chinese words. This year, the 23rd item examines the interpretation of traditional cultural classics, and the score rate is the lowest, also because the candidates can't understand the basic meaning of the sentences in the text. Therefore, the usual reading training of ancient cultural classics should focus on the basic meaning of reading paragraphs.
Improve the ability of appreciating ancient poems. It is necessary to master the basic methods and skills of appreciating ancient poetry, understand the basic principles of knowing others and discussing the world, and learn to comb poetry works from different angles and levels through reading training, so as to accurately grasp the theme and emotion, and carefully analyze the techniques and characteristics, which can not only sum up the whole from the surface, but also appreciate it from the part. Only in this way can we fully and accurately grasp the author's emotions, understand the theme of poetry and analyze the distinctive expression techniques.
Expand reading horizons and pay special attention to reading Chinese and foreign classic works. Zhejiang Chinese examination papers have always paid attention to selecting Chinese and foreign classic works as reading materials for college entrance examination. Therefore, the college entrance examination review should appropriately broaden the reading horizon, make more contact with the classic literary works of different times, different styles, different representative writers and different themes, and can't be completely led by the simulated test questions, especially don't practice the works of a certain theme and a certain style repeatedly (for example, in recent years, Liu Liangcheng's works often become the reading materials of literary works during the simulated test), so as not to waste precious time.