(Han) Yuan Kang's Yuejueshu Yuejueshu Volume XIII: It is the beginning of respecting all things, and its traces of prose and martial arts can be tested. Jin Huamu's "Hai Fu": "If Yunjin prose is in the sand, it will expose the snail and clam festival."
2. Jewish writing. Shi Ming, Wen Xin Diao Long by Xie in the Southern Dynasties: "Look at his structural prose, which is straight but not wild, tactfully attached, sad and sincere: it is the highest of five words."
3. Stylistic name. Any prose that does not rhyme or rearrange even pairs is generally called prose. With the evolution of literary concepts and the development of literary genres, the concept of prose is constantly changing. In some historical periods, lyrical and memorable literary works such as novels are collectively called prose, which is different from poetry that emphasizes rhythm. Modern prose refers to other literary works except novels, poems, plays and other literary genres. According to the different contents and forms, it can be divided into essays, essays and essays. Prose refers to a literary and artistic genre with writing as its creation and aesthetic object, and it is a genre form in literature.
1. In the ancient literature of China, prose, as opposed to verse and parallel prose, does not pursue the neatness of rhyme and sentence patterns. This is prose in a broad sense.
2. In China's modern literature, prose refers to a literary genre as famous as poetry, novel and drama. This is prose in a narrow sense. Form is scattered but spirit is gathered: "Form is scattered" not only refers to a wide range of subjects and diverse writing methods, but also refers to a free and eclectic structure; "Spiritual gathering" refers not only to the central concentration, but also to the clues that run through the whole text. Prose writers and writers are only superficial phenomena. Fundamentally speaking, they write about emotional experiences. Emotional experience is an "inseparable god", and people and things are dispensable, more or less "scattered" "shape".
"Form and dispersion" mainly means that prose is widely used and free, and is not limited by time and space; Expression techniques are not limited to one pattern: it can describe the development of events, describe characters, convey feelings with things, and make comments. The author can freely adjust and change according to the needs of the content. "Distraction" mainly comes from the intention of prose, that is, the theme to be expressed in prose must be clear and concentrated, no matter how extensive the content of prose is and how flexible the expression is, it serves to better express the theme.
Deep artistic conception: pay attention to the expression of the author's life feelings, with strong lyricism and sincere feelings.
With the help of imagination and association, the author writes from the superficial to the deep, from the real to the imaginary, in turn, which can integrate feelings into the scenery, send feelings to help each other, express the author's true feelings, realize the unity of things and me, show more profound thoughts and make readers understand more profound truths.
Beautiful language: The so-called beauty means that the language of prose is fresh, bright and beautiful (also beautiful), lively and full of musical sense, and the writing is like a trickle, tinkling, eloquent and sincere. The so-called conciseness means that the language of prose is concise, natural and fluent. A few words can describe vivid images, outline the scenes of characters and show far-reaching artistic conception. Prose tries to write the scenery as if it were in front of you and the feelings as refreshing.
Prose is known as "beautiful prose", which not only has spiritual views and beautiful artistic conception, but also has fresh, meaningful and unpretentious literary talent. Reading some good essays regularly can not only enrich knowledge, broaden horizons and cultivate noble thoughts and sentiments, but also learn the skills of selecting materials, planning layout, choosing words and making sentences, and improve your language expression ability.
There is a saying in Liezi Huangdi that Liezi "returns with the wind". For example, he said to Yin Sheng: "The mind is condensed and the flesh melts. I can't feel the shape leaning on it and my feet walking. It's like a withered leaf shell. I wonder if the wind will take me there? I ride the wind? " The "mind" and "spirit" here are interlinked, and Zhang Zhan's annotation Liezi means that "the mind condenses and releases" is called "the spirit condenses and wastes".
What is "Shen Ning"? There is a saying in Huangdi Neijing that "there is no distinction between ambition and meaning, and doubt (coagulation) lies in God". Of course, this "god" and "coagulation" are not stagnant and lifeless, but as the Book of Changes says: "God is unique, so it is not fast." In other words, "God" can roam freely in beyond space. Specific to article writing, that is, as mentioned above, "God" is tendentious and dynamic.
Regarding the meaning of "shape", there is a saying in the Book of Music that "shape is in nature and shape is in the ground". Mr Qian Zhongshu explained that "form is the final form of completion". Mr. Qian also cited Aristotle's theory that "nature" has five meanings. Fourth, it is a kind of "raw material that has not yet formed", that is, a state of "quality but invisibility"; Fifth, it is the shape of "stopping." This view of "shaping" from "original materials" and "raw materials" is applied to article writing. As Mr. Qian explained, "Flowers and birds in spring are naturally form-seeking, and the singer who is fascinated is looking at" poetry ". Marking "shape" as "poetic material" means including "theme". Yin Anjia's sentence uses the word "shape" and "chapter also". It is pointed out that "form" as poetry refers to "word chapter", including language and structure. The concept of "shape" I discussed above is also consistent with the statement quoted here.
Generally speaking, "Form is scattered but not scattered" is a commonly used expression in prose creation, and the meanings of "spirit" and "form" can be metaphorically derived from "Shen Ning Awakens the World" in Liezi. It is metaphorical in concept to praise the idea of prose with words such as "Shen Ning Xing San" or "God-given Fang Xing", but there is a corresponding analogy with the formulation in Liezi, with concise words, ready-made concepts and strong expressive force. Then, this is one of the reasons why the theory of "form and spirit" has been recognized and applied in the field of prose research. Clues are the "red line" or "sustenance" of the author's series of materials. Common clues are as follows:
1, with the core figures as clues.
2. Take the core things as clues.
3. Take time as a clue.
4. Take the location as a clue.
5. Take the author's emotional change as a clue.
It should be noted that the types of clues and their manifestations in specific articles are varied. Some articles have a single clue; Some articles have double clues, or the combination of reality and reality, or crisscross, or once, or parallel development. Clues are reflected in the text, mostly in the title, the beginning and the end, and the beginning and the end of the transition section; Grasping the momentum, overall context and tendency of the article is the key to grasping the clues. In ancient literature, prose, including ancient prose, parallel prose and ci fu, basically belongs to the category of verse, but it is closer to prose in writing system.
Modern literature refers to literary works and literary genres other than poems, novels and dramas, including essays, essays and travel notes. It has broad and narrow understandings.
Prose in a broad sense refers to all literary prose except poetry, novels and dramas. In addition to discussing lyric prose, it also includes communication, reportage, essays, memoirs, biographies and other styles. With the development of writing discipline, many styles stand on their own feet, and the scope of prose is shrinking day by day.
Prose in a narrow sense refers to literary prose, which is a kind of literary style mainly based on narration or lyric, with extensive materials, flexible brushwork, short length and rich love for literature.
Ordinary prose includes narrative prose, lyric prose and argumentative prose.