I features of the text
First of all, the characteristics of the genre to which the text belongs. For example, prose is often distinguished from other styles by its internal and external clues. Prose is scattered because of these clues. Argumentative writing, its logic and structure, is another feature that must be grasped in teaching such articles. You can't teach argumentative writing without disassembling the framework. We should grasp novels, plots and characters. The first thing that distinguishes poetry from other styles is emotion-strong emotional color, as well as its extraordinary language expression and artistic techniques. "Ruthlessness cannot teach poetry". Explanatory texts usually need to grasp the order and methods of explaining things. It is the first step to enter the teaching and determine the tendency of the article.
However, every article in each genre has its own characteristics.
The first performance is conception. Conception is not only the point of the article, but also the path of the article. All articles have the same meaning, but the starting point is different, the path is different, and the thinking is different. For example, two articles, Praise for Poplar and Style of Pine Tree, are all about things, but in Style of Pine Tree, things (pine trees) are used as metaphors, while in Praise for Poplar, things (poplars) play a symbolic role in the whole text. The author started from poplar, creating, refining, taking pictures and cutting. Without symbols, the content of this article is not only meaningless, but also suspected of distortion. Because the description of poplar in this paper, such as "stalwart, upright, simple and serious", even "gentle", "stubborn", "indomitable" and "not inclined", is not necessarily the original quality and image of poplar. Therefore, teaching this article is inseparable from symbols everywhere. If you leave, you can't understand and explain. From this point of view, symbol is not only the general expression of this article, but also the essence and aura of the full text. Therefore, symbol should be regarded as the focus and difficulty of this paper.
Second, the specific writing environment. The specific writing environment often determines the specific expression and language of the work. Such as "Landscape Talk". If you don't always stick to its writing environment and background, you can't understand its conception, word formation and selection method anyway. In this kind of text, the writing environment and background become the opportunity to understand the content of the text, which is both the focus and the difficulty.
Third, some texts are characterized by profound thoughts. For example, some paragraphs in Lu Xun's "In Memory of Liu Hezhen Jun" are profound enough for middle school students. If you don't grasp the teaching of these paragraphs, you will lose the characteristics of this article, and you will not grasp the key and difficult points of this article.
Fourth, some words are not very profound, but their expressions are very special. For example, Chen's article "Fishing is not as good as fishing" talks about things, such as quality and quality, which is not difficult to understand: a person can succeed only if he does well and enjoys it. Therefore, if students only understand this truth in teaching, they will not be able to grasp the characteristics of this article. What is important is the way in which this article expounds and develops this truth: introducing things into feelings, explaining them, writing landscape clocks with reason and evidence, describing clocks with reason and evidence, discussing and expressing emotions with reason and evidence, and expressing people's wishes. This is its characteristic, so it is necessary to teach both key points and difficult points.
Fifth, some articles are not difficult in ideological content, sentence patterns and expressions, but they are full of emotions. This kind of article characterized by "qi" can't be explained by hanging in teaching, but it has become the focus of reading and reciting with great enthusiasm. For example, Wen Yiduo's "The Last Speech" is.
Sixth, the whole article is tied with an "eye" ("literary eye" and "poetic eye"), which affects the whole body, so most of these "eyes" have become the focus of the whole article. The so-called "holistic teaching method" is based on this feature of the text.
In a word, studying the characteristics of the text is an important aspect of discovering the text and a difficult point in teaching.
Second, the teaching purpose
The same text, different teaching purposes, different teaching difficulties. Some may focus on Chinese knowledge, some may focus on thinking training, some may focus on writing imitation, some may focus on ideological education and emotional training, and some may focus on training and cultivating students' certain habits and abilities. Chinese teaching has many attributes such as instrumentality, ideology, knowledge, sociality and practicality. In the actual teaching process, these attributes will be organically integrated, but in most cases, they are all focused. According to the different teaching purposes, the focus is on the side, while others are ignored.
Third, the teaching object.
There is nothing in teaching that does not look at the object. Similarly, determining the key and difficult points of teaching depends on the object. In some areas, the level of students is generally higher, while in other areas, it is lower. Some students are well-trained in some aspects, while others lack such training. Some students are used to a certain teaching method, while others are not. Accordingly, the emphasis and difficulty of teaching should be different. Wang Shouren, an educator in Ming Dynasty, put forward the teaching principle of "measuring talents" in his biography, which requires teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Moreover, he also advocates that it is not necessary to pay too much every time, so that the teaching object is "more spiritual" and "there is no suffering, but there is self-satisfied beauty". This is what we should do to determine the key and difficult points in teaching.
Fourth, the teaching system
Textbooks have their own system, including program, purpose and conclusion. Only by understanding these outline bow ties can we grasp the key points and difficulties. Just like playing chess. Only when the overall situation is in the chest can we play every piece well. To determine the focus and difficulty of teaching, we must have this systematic concept. One of the secrets of Wei Shusheng's teaching books well lies in his strong concept of "system". On the basis of in-depth study outline, he made a "knowledge tree" of Chinese teaching. This "knowledge tree" based on scientific and meticulous research is the premise and foundation for us to determine the key and difficult points in teaching.
Five, their own teaching practice
Each class is a teaching practice organization with its own specific teaching history, process and mode. For example, some teachers pay attention to cultivating students' ability to do it themselves, some teachers pay attention to guiding students to read after class, some teachers are keen on writing to promote the teaching of speaking and reading, and some teachers take writing teaching as their destination. In this way, the teacher-student relationship they formed in teaching, the teaching starting lever they used, the teaching steps they formed and the knowledge structure formed by students are also different. With these differences, the determination of key points and difficulties in teaching is different.
The above has talked about the basis for determining the important and difficult points in Chinese teaching. But in general, it boils down to one point: study the text deeply, pay attention to teaching practice, and put the text from the inside out. Teaching reference materials should be used for reference, not used or used to death; What is needed is to take me as the main body, think independently, and put the word "change" first. Every text, every class, should be a whole article with light and heavy, subject and axis, clear context and consistent weather. In this way, what we emphasize is not the necessity of being different, but the word "Hua" If it really "melts", it will probably have its own characteristics, knowing the light and knowing the weight.
What are the key points and difficulties in this paper? Displayed in-
1, the meaning of the problem-of course, it is deeper, more tortuous and more hidden.
2. Content center-especially the content center of rich and in-depth articles.
3. Structure-The focus is on the structure of prose, argumentative essays and some explanatory essays.
4. Means of expression-mainly prose, poetry and novels.
5. The police are profound.
6. Expressive words and sentences.
7. some skills.