The "loneliness" in Tao Yuanming's poems contains two most complicated and controversial parts of Tao Yuanming's thought, namely, secularity and vulgarity.
From his premature official career, to his seclusion in the countryside, and then to his later years. that
Images with aesthetic significance, such as "lonely boat", "lonely cloud" and "lonely shadow", can easily appreciate Tao Yuanming's loneliness. We can get a glimpse of his whole life situation and mentality, that is, lonely situation and loneliness.
One is the loneliness of living in seclusion and drinking less.
Tao Yuanming has lived in seclusion in the countryside for more than 20 years, which seems quiet and peaceful.
Rural life is full of turmoil and anxiety. There was a constant world war outside, and finally the dynasty changed. After living in seclusion in a pastoral area, he soon fell into a fire. After moving, Tao Yuanming was seriously ill, and was recruited by the court in the middle, and he was poor in his later years. It is difficult to resist the impact of various changes inside and outside the countryside for a long time. The world inside and outside the countryside is so uneasy that it is impossible not to touch Tao Yuanming's lonely nerve. What is more sad is that in the face of all kinds of changes, anxiety and loneliness, Tao Yuanming can hardly find someone to talk to and rely on reality. In the end, he can only tell himself and all things in nature about his anguish and hesitation, so as to achieve self-comfort and relief.
Second, the loneliness of traveling alone and together.
Facing the fading seclusion, Tao Yuanming tried to walk from time to time.
Go out of the closed countryside, travel to the outside world and relieve inner loneliness. This shows that Tao Yuanming's imagination and expectation of rural life is actually very simple and realistic. He-he just wants to study in the country, farm, travel from time to time (this kind of travel is also very simple compared with the aristocratic family at that time), and live a quiet life with relatives and friends.
Third, between the secular and the extraordinary.
Reading Mr. Okamura Fan's New Theory of Tao Yuanming, we will find that Tao Yuanming has become a self-centered vulgar literati with a strong desire for worldly fame, which is denied in his poems. While reading a lot of ancient discourses and Yuan Xingpei's research on Tao Yuanming, Tao Yuanming is still a cultural idol that has been praised for thousands of years. He is poor, self-absorbed, and natural in Ren Zhen. ……
Tao Yuanming transformed his loneliness into a deep writing power beyond time and space, which comforted the wandering and lonely hearts of countless literati later. Reading Tao poetry makes them feel no longer lonely and confused, and makes them feel that they have someone to talk to. For reference.