1. Chinese literary common sense
1. The first female poet is: Cai Yan 2. The first biographical general history: "Historical Records" 3. The first dictionary It is: "Erya" 4. The first encyclopedia is: "Yongle Dadian" 5. The first collection of poetry is: "The Book of Songs" 6. The first anthology: "Selected Works of Zhaoming" 7. The first dictionary : "Shuowen Jiezi" 8. The first collection of myths: "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" 9. The first collection of novels about people in classical Chinese: "Shishuoxinyu" 10. The first collection of novels about people in classical Chinese: "Sou Shen" 11. The first book of quotations: "The Analects of Confucius" 12. The first chronological history book: "Spring and Autumn" 13. The first chronological history: "Hanshu" 14. The first military book: "The Art of War" 15 , Articles about the two Sima of the Western Han Dynasty: Sima Qian and Sima Xiangru 16. The two treasures of Yuefu: "Poetry of Mulan" and "The Peacock Flying Southeast", plus "Qin Women's Song" are the three masterpieces of Yuefu 17. The two treasures of history: "Historical Records" and "Zizhi Tongjian" 18. Second shot: "Surprise at the first moment" "Surprise at the second moment" (Ling Mengchu) 19. Big Li Du: Li Bai, Du Fu Little Li Du: Li Shangyin, Du Mu 20. Gemini constellations in modern Chinese literary circles: Lu Xun, Guo Moruo 21. Three Immortals: Establishing virtues, meritorious service, and speaking 22. Three Dynasties: Xia, Shang, and Zhou 23. Three Biography of "Spring and Autumn": Zuo Zhuan, Gongyang Zhuan, and Gu Liang Zhuan 24. Three Kings: King Wu of Xia, Yu, Shang, Tang, and Zhou (some say King Wen of Zhou) 25 , Three Mountains: Penglai Abbot Yingzhou 26, Three Religions: Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism 27, Three Dukes: Zhou Dynasty: Sima, Situ, Sikong Western Han Dynasty: Prime Minister, Taiwei, Yushi Dafu Ming and Qing Dynasties: Taishi, Taifu, Taibao 28 , Three Cao: Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi 29. Three Yuan of Public Security: Yuan Zongdao, Yuan Hongdao, Yuan Zhongdao 30. Three ancient towers in Jiangnan: Hunan Yueyang Tower, Wuchang Yellow Crane Tower, Nanchang Tengwang Pavilion 31. Three friends of Suihan: pine, bamboo, Mei 32. Sanfu: Zuo Fengyi, right Fufeng Jingzhao Yin 33. Science examination three yuan: provincial examination, joint examination, palace examination and the first place in oneself (jieyuan, huiyuan, champion) 34. palace examination three tripods A: champion , second place, third flower 35. China’s three quintessences: Peking Opera, traditional Chinese medicine, and Chinese painting 36. Three words: "Essays to Tell the World," "Words to Warn the World," and "Essential Words to Awaken the World" (Feng Menglong) 37. Three Classic Rites of Confucianism: Zhou Rites, Etiquette and Book of Rites 38. Three officials: Xin'an officials, Shihao officials, and Tongguan officials 39. Three farewells: "Newlywed Farewell", "Elderly Farewell" and "Homeless Farewell" 40. Guo Moruo's "Goddess" Trilogy: The Goddess Rebirth of the Flowers of Hunan Leitangdi 41. Mao Dun's "Eclipse" Trilogy: Disillusionment and Wavering Pursuit of the Rural Trilogy: Spring Silkworms, Autumn Harvest and Remaining Winter 42. Ba Jin's "Love" Trilogy: "Fog", "Rain", "Electricity" The "Riptide" trilogy: Family, Spring, and Autumn 43. The first history of a country: "Guoyu" 44. The first collection that records the words and deeds of counselors, counselors, and disciples: National Policy and Warring States 45. The first one that records personal words and deeds Historical prose: "Yan Zi Chun Qiu" 46. The first great patriotic poet: Qu Yuan 47. The first long narrative poem: The Peacock Flying Southeast (357 sentences, 1785 words) 48. The first literary criticism monograph: "Classics·Thesis" "(Cao Pi) 49. The first pastoral poet: Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty 50. The first literary theory and criticism monograph: "Literary Mind and Diaolong" by Liu Xie, a Liang native in the Southern and Northern Dynasties 51. The first poetry theory and commentary monograph: Zhong Rong, a Liang native in the Southern and Northern Dynasties "Poetry" 52. The first popular science work and comprehensive academic work written in notebook style: "Mengxi Bi Tan" by Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty 53. The first diary style travel note: "The Travels of Xu Xiake" by Xu Hongzu of the Ming Dynasty 54 , the first female poet, also known as "the first generation of Ci": Li Qingzhao 55. "The Book of Songs" has three styles: Feng, Ya and Song.
56. In the history of literature, "Every family competes to sing "Drinking Water Ci". How many people know about Nalan's thoughts?" It talks about Nalan Rongruo, a famous poet in the Qing Dynasty. Comprehensive knowledge of literature 1. my country's first full-length satirical novel: Wu Jingzi's "The Scholars" 2. my country's first translation introducing the theory of evolution: Huxley's "On the Evolution of Heaven" translated by Yan Fu, who is a person who does not understand Foreign language, but became a translator.
3. my country’s first collection of classical Chinese short stories created by an individual: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 4. China’s first modern vernacular novel is: Diary of a Madman 5. The first writer to open up the “fairy tale garden” is : Ye Shengtao 6. my country's first romantic mythological novel: Journey to the West 7. The first reportage work is: (Xia Yan) Bao Shenggong 8. The first writer in New China to win the title of "People's Artist": Lao She. His works are ; "Longxugou" 9. The two major schools of thought in the pre-Qin period were: Confucianism and Mohism. 10. The two major representatives of Confucianism were: Confucius and Mencius, who were revered as the Supreme Sage and the Lesser Sage respectively. 11. During the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of the Tang Dynasty, there were two major schools of poetry: the frontier poetry school represented by Gao Shi and Cen Shen, and the pastoral poetry school represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. In terms of style, the former was vigorous and heroic, while the latter was tranquil. Shupu 12. Song poetry is often divided into two schools: bold and graceful.
The former is represented by Su Shi and Xin Qiji, and the latter is represented by Liu Yong, Zhou Bangyan, and Li Qingzhao.
13. The two major banners held high by the "May 4th" New Culture Movement: opposing old ethics and advocating new morality, opposing old literature and advocating new literature. 14. The authors of the two "Madman's Diary" are: Russia's Gogol, my country's Lu Xun 15. There are two major epics in world literature: Iliad and Odyssey 16. The three treasures of Buddhism are: Buddha (the one with great knowledge and enlightenment), Dharma (the teachings spoken by the Buddha), and the Sangha (the person who inherits or promotes the teachings) 17 Among the three obediences and the four virtues, the three obediences are: obeying the father when unmarried, obeying the husband when married, and obeying the sons after death. The four virtues are: women's virtues, women's words, women's appearance, women's merits/morality, speech, manners, and female workers. 18. The first, middle, and last are collectively referred to as the three "three obediences."
The third Geng day of the Summer Solstice Festival is the first day of the first fall, the fourth Geng day is the first day of the middle fall, and the first Geng day after the Beginning of Autumn is the first day of the last fall. one day. The first fall, ten days after the last fall, and ten or twenty days after the middle fall.
19. Three cardinal principles and five constant principles: Three cardinal principles: father is the guide for the son, king is the guide for the minister, husband is the wife, the five principles are: benevolence, justice, propriety, wisdom, trustworthiness 20. Three aunts and six women: Three aunts: nun, Taoist nun, Gua aunt Six women: matchmaker and master (Witch) Ya Po, Qian Po, Medicine Po, Midwife 21. Three Emperors and Five Emperors: Three Emperors: Fuxi, Suiren, Shennong Five Emperors: Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Yao, and Shun 22. Three Religions and Nine Streams: Three Religions: Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism : Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang Dharma, Mingmo, Zongheng Zaonong 23. Three Mountains and Five Sacred Mountains: Three fairy mountains in the East China Sea: Yingzhou, Penglai, and Abbot; Five Sacred Mountains: Dongyue Taishan, South Mountain Hengshan Mountain, West Mountain Huashan Mountain, North Mountain Hengshan Mountain, Zhongyue Mountain Songshan 24. Three Animals: Cattle used for sacrifices Sheep and Pig (Tailao) (No cattle are Shaolao) 25. Three Unities: The drama creation principles formulated by European classical broad drama theorists are the same place, the same time, and the same plot.
2. Common sense of Chinese classical literature
Literary knowledge Common sense of ancient Chinese literature
Tao Yuanming, named Qian, courtesy name Yuanming, also known as Mr. Jingjie, calls himself Five Mr. Liu, a poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was the first pastoral poet in my country. His prose works include "The Peach Blossom Spring" and "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu", and his poems include "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" and "Drinking Drinking".
Qian Bao, named Ling Sheng. A historian and writer of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he wrote my country's first collection of mythological (spiritual and strange) novels, "Sou Shen Ji".
Fan Ye, courtesy name Weizong, was a historian and essayist in the Southern Song Dynasty. "Le Yangzi's Wife" and "Zhang Heng's Biography" are selected from his "Book of the Later Han". "Later Han" means "Eastern Han". "A man with lofty ideals will not drink from a stolen spring, and an honest man will not be fed by someone who complains about it" comes from his "Book of the Later Han Dynasty?" "Biography of Women".
Liu Yiqing, a novelist in the Southern Song Dynasty, is the author of my country's first collection of notebook novels, "Shishuoxinyu". This is a notebook novel that records the anecdotes of people in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Many stories in the book have become allusions and themes in poems, novels and dramas, and some have become commonly used idioms, such as "looking at the plum blossoms to quench thirst", "devotedly passionate", "eloquent words" "wait.
Liu Xie, courtesy name Yanhe, was a literary theorist in the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties. He wrote 50 articles on my country's first literary theory monograph, "The Literary Mind and the Diaolong", which dealt with many issues in creation.
Li Daoyuan, with a long character, was a geographer and essayist in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Compiled into 40 volumes of "Shui Jing Zhu", it is a geography full of literary value.
Zhong Rong, courtesy name Zhongwei, was a literary critic in the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty. He is the author of my country's first monograph on poetry theory, Shi Pin.
4. Works of writers of the Tang Dynasty
Wang Bo, also known as Zian, was one of the four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty and a writer of the Tang Dynasty. He wrote the lyric poem "Send Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" (Wu Lu) ); famous article "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion". He is the author of "The Collection of Prince An".
Yang Jiong, the first of the Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty, is famous for his famous works "On the Military March".
Lu Zhaolin, one of the four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty, is represented by "The Ancient Meaning of Chang'an".
King Luo Bin, one of the four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty, is represented by "Singing Cicadas in Prison", as well as the famous "Quest for War", and his collection of works is "Linhai Collection".
He Zhizhang, also known as Jizhen, also known as Siming Kuangke, was a poet of the Tang Dynasty. His "Returning to Hometown Oops" (Qijue) is a famous piece of poetry.
Wang Zhihuan, courtesy name Ji Ling, was a poet of the Tang Dynasty. His "Liangzhou Ci" and "Climbing the Stork and Magpie Tower" are treasures of quatrains in the Tang Dynasty.
Meng Haoran, a landscape pastoral poet in the Tang Dynasty. "Passing Through My Old Friend's Village" (Five Rhythms) depicts the pastoral scenery of green water and green mountains and the farmhouse atmosphere of "talking about mulberry trees and hemp over wine", reflecting the true feelings between the poet and the villagers. "Spring Dawn" (Wujue) describes the scene of spring dawn and the feelings of early spring, and has become a good poem that has been passed down through the ages.
Wang Changling, also known as Shaobo, was a poet of the Tang Dynasty. He was good at Qijue and wrote mostly about the military life in the frontier fortress at that time. He was vigorous and high-spirited, including seven poems in "March from the Army", "Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Tower" and "Out of the Fortress". 》Both capitals are very famous.
Wang Wei, whose courtesy name was Mojie, rose to the rank of Shangshu Youcheng and was known as Wang Youcheng in the world. He was a landscape and pastoral poet in the Tang Dynasty. His famous works include "Bird Song Stream" (five unique styles), "Send Yuan Er Envoy to Anxi" (seven unique styles), and "Guan Yu" (five unique styles). "Wei Mojie's poems, there are paintings in the poems, and poems in the paintings" are Su Shi's words of praise for Wang Wei.
Li Bai, also known as Taibai and Qinglian Jushi, was a romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Officials worship Hanlin. Because of his arrogant character and not being tolerated by the powerful, he deepened his understanding of the corrupt society and wrote poems that criticized the debauchery and extravagance of the emperors and powerful officials and complained about the darkness of real politics. Wujue's "Quiet Night Thoughts", "Qiupu Song", Qijue's "Looking at Tianmen Mountain", Wulu's "Farewell to a Friend", Qigu's "Sleepwalking Tianmu's Song of Farewell" and "Difficulty on the Road". Author of "The Complete Works of Li Taibai".
Gao Shi, courtesy name Dafu, was a frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty. His poems reflected the border situation and the suffering of the soldiers at that time. His representative works are "Yan Ge Xing" and "Farewell to Dong Da" (Qijue).
Cui Hao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was a Jinshi in Kaiyuan, and was an official to the rank of Si Xun Yuan Wai Lang. His frontier fortress poems are generous and heroic. "Yellow Crane Tower" (Seven Rhymes) is highly praised by Li Bai.
Du Fu, also known as Zimei, once lived in the south of Chang'an City and west of Shaoling. He called himself Shaoling Ye Lao, and was known as Du Shaoling in the world. He was born in Gong County (Henan) and was a realist poet in the Tang Dynasty. He traveled around various places and lived in Chang'an for ten years. He was captured during the "Anshi Rebellion". After escaping, he served as Zuo Shiyi. Later, he abandoned his official position and moved to Chengdu. He built a thatched cottage on the bank of Huanhua River, which is known as Huanhua Cottage in the world. He once served as Jiannan Jiedu, joined the army, and served as minister of the Ministry of Industry. Yuanwailang, known as Du Gongbu in the world. His works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and are known as the "history of poetry", including "Collection of Poems by Du Gongbu". His representative works include "Five Hundred Words of Empathy from Beijing to Fengxian County" and the poems "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".
Cen Shen, a frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty, was a native of Jiazhou and served as the governor of Jiazhou. He has been in the army for many years and has profound experience of frontier life. He has "Cen Jiazhou Poetry Collection". The representative work "Bai Xuege Sends Judge Wu Back to the Capital" (Qi Gu).
Zhang Zhihe, courtesy name Zitong, was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. He wrote mostly about seclusion and leisure life. He is the author of "Xuan Zhenzi" and his representative work "Yu Gezi" (ci).
Han Yu, whose courtesy name was Tuizhi, was born in Heyang (Henan). He called himself Junwang (a prominent family in the county) Changli, and was known as Han Changli in the world. His posthumous title was Wen. He was also called Han Wengong, and he was an official. The Minister of the Ministry, also known as the Ministry of Officials of Han Dynasty. An essayist and poet in the Tang Dynasty, he was an advocate of the "Ancient Prose Movement" together with Liu Zongyuan. He was listed as the first of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties" and the author of "Collected Works of Mr. Chang Li".
3. Common knowledge of ancient Chinese literature
Part 1 Pre-Qin Literature (36 hours) Overview (1 hour) 1. Scope of Pre-Qin Literature.
2. The beginning of Chinese literature; primitive ballads and ancient myths; myths are the encyclopedia of the Chinese nation’s childhood and the earliest treasures of our country’s literary heritage. 3. The Book of Songs, my country’s first collection of poetry.
As the source of ancient realist literature, "The Book of Songs" has pioneering significance in both the objects and techniques of literary expression. 4. The social changes during the Warring States Period and the emergence of "a hundred schools of thought contending" promoted the prosperity of prose.
There are many excellent works of historical prose and prose by various scholars, and famous writers have emerged in large numbers, laying a solid foundation for the development of prose in our country. 5. Qu Yuan was the first great poet in the history of Chinese literature. The excellent poems represented by "Li Sao" are full of lofty thoughts and sentiments, the passion of patriotism and the magical color of romanticism, and opened up the fine line of romanticism in our country. Tradition.
Question: What is the general situation of pre-Qin literature? Chapter 1 Ancient Myths (2 hours) 1. Myths and the emergence of myths. According to Marx, myths are "natural and social forms that have been processed unconsciously in people's imagination through artistic methods."
The generation of myths is closely related to the productivity level and thinking ability of primitive people; The ways in which myths are produced usually include labor production and religious activities. 2. The content of the myth.
Ancient Chinese myths are very rich and complete in types, such as myths about the creation of the universe, myths about human origins, myths about heroes, myths about floods, and various descriptive myths about the types, habits, and forms of gods. Everything is available. 3. The art of mythology and its national characteristics.
Ancient mythology is the embodiment of the romantic spirit of primitive people. It uses exaggerated fantasy to express primitive people's understanding and imagination of nature and society. Our country's mythology has its distinctive national characteristics. In terms of content, it sings about the endless creative spirit, expresses the indomitable and tenacious pursuit, praises the indomitable and dedicated behavior, has a positive romantic spirit, and is rich in color and rich in art. fantasy.
4. The meaning and influence of myth. Questions to think about: 1. What are the contents and characteristics of ancient myths? 2. What is the relationship between ancient mythology and primitive religion? Chapter 2 Poetry of the Zhou Dynasty and the Book of Songs (13 hours) 1. Ancient ballads, proverbs, mantras and the formation of Zhou poetry.
Before "The Book of Songs", ancient Chinese poetry had a long history of development. Ancient ballads, proverbs and ancient mantras were the two main forms of early poetry, and were also the precursors of Zhou Dynasty poetry. The Zhou Dynasty was a period of great prosperity for ancient Chinese poetry. In addition to the Book of Songs, there are also many poems preserved in books such as the Book of Changes and Zuo Zhuan, which can be compared with the Book of Songs.
2. The structure and compilation of the Book of Songs. The Book of Songs contains a total of 305 poems from about 500 years from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period.
It is divided into three parts: Feng, Ya and Song. The area covered by the 300 poems includes all or part of today's Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Hubei, Shandong and other provinces.
Some of them are folk songs, and some are composed by nobles and scholar-bureaucrats. The names of most of the authors are unknown. There have been various theories in the past about the collection and organization of the Book of Songs, among which the three most influential ones are the theory of offering poems, the theory of collecting poems, and the theory of Confucius deleting poems.
Most people today believe that the collection of the Book of Songs was probably completed by the imperial court, local princes and musicians. The Book of Songs was only called "The Book of Songs" or "Three Hundred Poems" in the pre-Qin Dynasty. After the Han Dynasty, it was regarded as a classic by Confucianists and was called the "Book of Songs".
3. Overview of the classification of "The Book of Songs". ① Zhou tribal epics; ② political satirical poems; ③ taxation poems; ④ farming poems; ⑤ love poems; ⑥ miscellaneous poems.
The Book of Songs reflects all aspects of social life in the Zhou Dynasty. The lives and emotions of people from all walks of life in the Zhou Dynasty are confirmed in the Book of Songs. Some of the chapters show the history of the growth of Zhou people; some show the social and political worries or dissatisfaction of nobles, scholar-bureaucrats, petty officials, common people, and even slaves; some show the ritual life of the nobility and the entertainment and festival celebrations of the Yan Dynasty; Some show the social reality of a small country and small officials who are unable to be driven, and criticize the uneven work and rest; some show the agricultural production of the Zhou people; some show the sweetness or misfortune of love and family marriage; some describe the abandonment of women in the Zhou Dynasty social problems; some reflect the relationships and friendships between family, clan, and friends.
In short, "The Book of Songs" displays various aspects of social life in the Zhou Dynasty in many aspects, and is a masterpiece of realism. 4. The artistic achievements of The Book of Songs.
① The realistic artistic characteristics and techniques of "The Book of Songs"; ② The artistic means of narrative, reasoning, lyricism, scene description, and discussion; ③ The sentence structure and composition of "The Book of Songs"; ④ "The Book of Songs" The art of language; ⑤ Fu Bixing technique of "The Book of Songs". Questions to think about: 1. What are the Six Meanings, the Four Beginnings, Mao’s Poetry, Four Schools of Poetry, and Changing Style and Elegance? 2. What is the main content of "The Book of Songs"? 3. What are the main artistic features of The Book of Songs? 4. How is the artistic technique of Fu Bixing reflected in the Book of Songs? Chapter 3 Pre-Qin historical prose (5 hours) 1. The basis for the development of Pre-Qin historical prose.
Great social changes; new air in the ideological and cultural fields; social development’s new requirements for the style of history books. 2. Historical prose from the Yin and Shang Dynasties to the Spring and Autumn Period.
Oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions are the origins of the ancient prose system; "The Book of Changes" is a book of divination, which also expresses certain historical content; "Shang Shu" is the earliest history book in the form of narrative; "Spring and Autumn" It is the earliest chronicle of historical events. 3. "Zuo Zhuan".
The author of "Zuo Zhuan"; the style and content of "Zuo Zhuan"; the art of "Zuo Zhuan": Although "Zuo Zhuan" is a historical work, it has rich literary character and its narrative He pays attention to storytelling and drama, and has tense and moving plots. He is good at writing about wars, especially the Battle of Chengpu, the Battle of Tao, the Battle of Yao, and the Battle of Changshao. They are all described in a coherent manner, complete from beginning to end and full of changes. impressive. "Zuo Zhuan" is especially good at writing pedestrian rhetoric.
4. "Guoyu". The style and content of "Guoyu"; the art of "Guoyu": "Guoyu" is far less accomplished than "Zuo Zhuan", but there are also excellent chapters with interesting dialogues, vivid stories, and more detailed characterizations of characters.
5. "Warring States Policy". The style of "Warring States Policy"; the writing process of "Warring States Policy"; the content and art of "Warring States Policy": "Warring States Policy" reflects the thoughts of the strategists of the Warring States Period, and the vivid image of the strategists portrayed in the book. The machinations and deceit of politicians and strategists have been objectively investigated.
4. Common sense about Chinese literature
1 Lu Xun
His real name is Zhou Shuren, a great proletarian revolutionist, thinker, writer, and the founder of Chinese proletarian literature. Pioneer of proletarian cultural thought. Short story collection "Scream" and "Wandering", essay collection "Morning Flowers Picked at Dusk", essay collection "Nanqianbei Diao Collection", "Huagai Collection", "Qiejieting Essays", etc. "Diary of a Madman" is the first vernacular article in the history of literature Novel
2 Guo Moruo
A great proletarian cultural warrior, an outstanding litterateur, historian and paleographer. He is the author of the poetry collection "Goddess" and the historical drama "Qu Yuan".
3 Mao Dun
The courtesy name is Yan Bing, and his real name is Shen Dehong. Proletarian cultural warrior and outstanding modern writer. He is the author of the novels "Midnight" and "Corrosion", and the short stories "Lin's Shop" and "Spring Silkworms", etc.
4 Lao She
Shu Qingchun, also known as Sheyu, has been awarded the title of "People's Artist". He is the author of the novel "Camel Xiangzi"; "The World is Together", etc., and the scripts "Longxugou", "Teahouse", etc.
5 Zhu Ziqing
Author of the prose "Spring", "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond", "Green", etc. "Venice", etc.
6 Bing Xin
Real name: Xie Wanying, author of poetry collections "Spring Water" and "Stars", and children's literature collections "Little Orange Lantern" and "For Young Readers". , "Repost to Young Readers"
7 Ding Ling
The novel "The Sun Shines on the Sanggan River", formerly known as Jiang Bingzhi (female), won the Stalin Prize for Literature.
< p> 8 Zhou LiboNovel "The Storm" (won the Stalin Prize for Literature), "Great Changes in the Mountain Country", etc.
9 Zhao Shuli
"Li Youcai's Straight Talk". ", "Xiao Erhei's Marriage", "Sanli Bay", etc.
0 Li Ji
is the author of the long narrative poem "Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang"
11 He Jingzhi
He is the author of the poems "Collection of Songs", "Back to Yan'an", the opera "White-Haired Girl" (co-authored with Ding Yi***), etc.
12 Cao Yu
Formerly known as Wan Jiabao, he is the author of the plays "Thunderstorm", "Sunrise", "Bright Sky", "Wang Zhaojun", etc.
13 Xia Yan
Formerly known as Shen Duanxian, he is the author of the script "Under the Eaves of Shanghai" and the reportage "Invested Work".
5. What literature does medieval literature include?
Medieval literature mainly includes religious literature, urban literature, heroic epics, knight literature, etc.
In terms of religious literature, the Bible is a representative work of religious literature and consists of two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. Other major works include St. Augustine's "Confessions" and "City of God".
Religious drama is the most popular theme in medieval religious literature, and it is the prototype of modern European drama. The division of labor between handicrafts and agriculture and the development of commerce in the Middle Ages led to the emergence of cities and the formation of a citizen class, which in turn led to the emergence of urban literature.
Most urban literature is folk creation, praising the wit and intelligence of individual citizens or farmers, reflecting the spiritual characteristics of the budding bourgeoisie. France is one of the countries with the earliest urban development in Western Europe, and urban literature is the most developed.
Heroic epics in the Middle Ages can be roughly divided into two types. One reflects the life of barbarian tribes at the end of clan society. Representative works include the Germanic "Hildebrandt's Song", the Anglo-Saxon The Christian Beowulf. Another type of epic, under the influence of Christianity, mainly praises the heroic feats of heroes in the struggle against pagans.
Representative works include France's "Song of Roland" and Spain's "Song of Cid". Chivalry literature is the product of the European chivalry system and a unique literary phenomenon in medieval Europe.
The knight system adheres to the creed of "loyalty to the emperor, protection of religion, and chivalry". Knights must learn etiquette, poetry, music, etc. while learning martial arts. These characteristics are precisely reflected in the literature of chivalry.
The influence of medieval knight literature on later generations is very profound.