History of whistling
The history of ancient whistle in China
Investigating the history of whistling (whistling and its art, commonly known as whistling, the same below), we know that it was one of the means of early human auditory expression. Later, because of its ideographic advantages, language occupied the position of the main auditory ideographic means, and Xiao only existed as a supplement to language (such as coincidence and richness). Later, the combination of Xiao with music and ventriloquism produced Xiao art and became an art.
As an art, Xiao Yi has a long history and considerable brilliance:
China's earliest poems are recorded in The Book of Songs.
Celebrities (such as Zhuge Liang and Cao Zhi) began to play in the Han and Wei Dynasties.
Ruan Ji, a famous scholar in Jin Dynasty and one of the leaders of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest, is famous and has a high performance level. At that time, celebrities rushed to pay their respects and became a common practice. Cheng Gongsui, a writer and Xiao Yi performer, wrote Fu Xiao based on the summary of the virtuous days at that time.
Xiao Ye is one of the nine songs and ten songs in Sui and Tang Dynasties.
In the Tang Dynasty, Sun Guang made a theoretical summary of it and wrote Filial Piety.
Screaming was recorded in the Five Dynasties.
In the Ming Dynasty, Xiao Yi was almost regarded as a compulsory course for recluse cultivation.
The development of whistling in other parts of the world
Whistling with fingers was first recorded as ancient India and Buddhist scriptures.
During the Baroque period in Europe, there were records of whistling music (also called whistling, the same below).
1886, Alice, mother of four? Xiao performed Xiao Le for the first time in new york, which caused a sensation in the United States.
1888, she co-produced the world's No.1 Zhang Xiaole record with Qiao Beimeng, and its performance place was in Venice.
1909, Agnes? Miss Woodward founded the world's first and by far the most successful Xiao Yi school in California (by the 1940s, there were six such schools in the United States). Among them, the admission age of Los Angeles schools is 6-60 years old. After graduation, I engaged in dubbing for film and television broadcasting, divided into three classes: high, middle, low, coloratura and lyric, including singing and playing. And organize a group of 30 girls? Bird Whispering Band? , very popular.
1923, Agnes? Xiao Yi, written by Miss Woodward, was published in new york.
American Fred in the 1930s? Laurie looking for Horace? Hurd's most popular actor has made more than ten loud records. Among them, The Call of Love in India has sold more than one million copies.
The Xiao Yi Club was founded in Texas.
(Japan) Qian Lin III examines four chapters of East Asian musical instruments? Air instruments whistle (whistle) and point the flute? (Xiao), talking about its nature and function, history, pronunciation parts and methods, and the situation in the history of South Asia and East Asia (Music Press, 1962 edition).
1973 In the spring, a college student in Louisburg, North Carolina, USA performed Yi program at the get-together, which was very popular. 1in the spring of 974, people from all over the country spontaneously gathered to form the American International Xiao Art Competition. Up to 20 13, 40 Xiao art competitions have been held, with outstanding players from dozens of countries participating. [1] and build the National Xiao Art Museum. ..
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/978, the International Xiao Art Competition began. Nancy graduated from Xiao Yi School in Los Angeles? Fran became the only female champion. 1In the autumn of 1985, the eighth session was held in Carson City, Nevada, USA, and 5 1 artists from all over the world participated in it, which was unprecedented. April 2002 18? 2 1 The 29th session was held in Louisburg, North America.
1905, Blair, an American composer and trombone player, wrote Whistle and Dog specially for whistle music.
1957 was released, 1958 Guihe Bridge, which won seven Oscars including best music, became the theme song of the film, so it was also called Guihe Bridge March. According to the statistics of China Whistle Network, there are currently 205 such songs.
The Governor of Oklahoma announced that 2006 54 38+0 1 10/0/8? 2 1 is the first little fun week. 2002 14? The 20th is the second session. 17? On the 20th, the first American Little Music Festival was held in Tulsa.
Types of whistles
There are many kinds of whistles, which can be divided from the following different angles:
(a) from the primary and secondary points of using tools, can be divided into:
1. Whistle: it is a whistle with human lips, tongue and airflow as elements, which interact to make a sound.
2. Hand whistle: it is a whistle with human hands (one finger bent, two fingers, two thumbs, etc.). ), lips, tongue and airflow as elements, they interact to make sound.
3. Tooth whistle: It is a whistle with human teeth, throat cavity, tongue and airflow as elements, which interact to make sound.
4. Tongue whistle: It is a whistle with human tongue, mouth and airflow as elements, which interact to make sound.
5. Line whistle: it is a whistle with the help of linear objects (such as rubber bands and ropes), which is sandwiched between the lips and makes a sound through the friction of airflow.
6. Blade whistle: It is a whistle that is sandwiched between the lips with the help of blade-like objects (such as leaves, paper, film, etc.) and produces sound through the friction of airflow.
7. Hollow whistle: It is a whistle that uses a hollow object (such as a bottle, a crock, etc.) to clamp the lips on the edge of the mouth of the hollow object, and the air flow generates sound through the friction between the lips and the hollow object.
8. Three-dimensional whistle: It is a hand-made three-dimensional whistle of various textures, and people can whistle directly with their mouths.
The first four are whistles that do not use or use objects outside the human body, and the last four are whistles that use objects outside the human body.
(b) From the perspective of deductive objects, it can be divided into:
1. Whistle song: It is to use a whistle to interpret classical and modern songs, dance music and other music.
2. Whistling instruments: Whistling is used to imitate erhu, flute, suona, cucurbit silk, mouthpiece and other instruments.
3. Whistle Opera: It is to use whistles to interpret traditional and modern operas such as Beijing Opera, Pingju Opera, Henan Opera, Yue Opera and Bangzi.
4. Whistle crosstalk: It is to imitate human language, animal calls and sounds made by various things in nature with whistles.
(3) From the point of view of airflow application, it can be divided into:
1. Whistle outside. It refers to the process of blowing out the gas stored in the body after inhalation, and whistling through the interaction of tongue fluctuation and lip contraction and relaxation.
2. Whistle inside. Refers to the process of inhaling external air into the body after exhaling, which makes a sound whistle through the interaction of tongue fluctuation and lip contraction and relaxation.
3. combination of blowing and sucking. It refers to the whistle that blows out the gas stored in the body, and then inhales the gas from the outside into the body, so that the airflow generated during natural breathing interacts with the lips and tongue to make a sound.
(4) From the scope, it can be divided into:
1. Bass whistle: Bass refers to the sound emitted in the range of g-d2 or e-c2(e2), and contralto refers to the range of g-d2 or e-d2(e2). The pronunciation method of bass is: the tip of the tongue is adducted and suspended, the lips lean forward, the mouth seam is slightly larger, and the air flow rate slows down, so the whistle is bass. The sound of bass is deep and heavy, broad and powerful; The alto's mid-bass tone is rich and powerful.
2. Alto whistle: the sound made by male middle finger from bb-f2 or a-f2(a2) and female middle finger bb-f2 or g-f2(g2). Pronunciation method of alto: the tip of the tongue is pressed on the lower teeth, and the lips are slightly relaxed and natural. Together with the usual airflow speed, the whistle is alto. Baritone is full, powerful and masculine; The whole mezzo-soprano area is bright, full and round.
3. High-pitched whistle: male high-pitched voice refers to c 1-a2 or c 1-a2(c3), and female high-pitched voice refers to the sound emitted by c 1-a2 or c 1-a2 (c3). Pronunciation method of treble: the tip of the tongue is pressed on the lower teeth, the lips are closed, the mouth seam is the smallest, and the airflow speed is strong, so the whistle is treble. Tenor's tenor is bright and pure, with strong penetration and slightly weak bass; The soprano's high notes are bright, round and relaxed.
(5) From the perspective of prosodic processing, it can be divided into:
1. Strong sound: refers to the whistle that is emphasized. Without it, some music works are not strong in dealing with climax. This is the opposite of a slow tone. The tone is strong, the whole music is powerful, the focus is prominent, and the climax is repeated.
2. Slow tone: refers to the whistle that gives people a smooth and soft feeling. This kind of voice is very peaceful and gentle, which is in contrast to the strong voice, making people not feel tired.
3. Boeing: The whistle sounds like the vibrato of a flute, which fluctuates greatly.
4. vibrato: it is often used in expressive songs. Pronunciation method: when playing the super sound, the tip of the tongue abuts against the air port and vibrates slightly up and down to make a sound.
5. Gliding: It can be divided into up gliding and down gliding. Slippery can be pronounced by blowing or inhaling.
1. Up-sliding sound: it is the whistling sound that the tongue is pushed forward from backward rotation to the lower teeth, the airflow changes from slow to sharp, the mouth seam of the lips changes from large to small, and the bass voice changes to high voice.
2. Slippery sound: it is a whistling sound from high pitch to low pitch, which is produced by the gradual contraction and drooping of the tongue from the upper teeth to the lower teeth, the gradual slowdown of the airflow and the gradual increase of the mouth seam of the lips.
6. Fast break: also called fast break. It's a whistle, listening to one tone at a time, and the sounds are not connected. Some people call it spitting sound, which can be divided into single spitting sound, Shuang Tu sound, triple spitting sound and continuous spitting sound. Because whistle is not a kind of musical instrument after all, flute can only be pronounced by blowing it out, and whistle can be played by blowing it out and sucking it in, just the speed of syllables. So, use? Vomiting The words used are not comprehensive and accurate, and it is more accurate to use fast meals or quick breaks.
With the development of society and the continuous research and innovation of whistle lovers, more methods and ways of whistle deduction will be developed in the future.