Also known as "Liu Siwen", this style, with four words and six sentences alternating, originated in Han and Wei Dynasties, formed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and prevailed in Sui and Tang Dynasties. Accommodation of sentences and accumulation of words in the text often affect the expression of content. After Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan advocated the remote movement of ancient prose in Tang Dynasty, parallel prose gradually declined. Among them, it is not a masterpiece. The famous ones are The Book with Zhu written by Wu Jun in the Southern Dynasties, The Preface of Wang Tengting written by Tang Dynasty and The Humble Room Ming written by Liu Yuxi.
Step 2 say
The floorboard of ancient argumentative articles. On the preface to the essay, it says: "The speaker explains, explains the meaning, and explains with his own meaning." Famous articles appearing in textbooks include Ma Shuo by Tang Hanyu, The Snake Catcher by Liu Zongyuan, Ailian by Song and Zhou Dunyi, and Borrowing Books by Huang Sheng by Yuan Mei in Qing Dynasty.
Three. table
An ancient memorial, which recorded some ideas or things, was one of the memorials presented by ancient ministers to the emperor. There is only one textbook, Liezi written by Zhuge Liang during the Three Kingdoms period. In 277 AD, Zhuge Liang prepared to attack Wei and seize the Central Plains. Before he left, he wrote this paper to the late ruler Liu Chan to express his loyalty to Shu Han and his determination to help the Han Dynasty. There is a famous sentence in the article, such as "when you are defeated, you are ordered to be in danger."
Four. Donation order
When ancient literati bid farewell, they often gave each other poems and collected them as preface, which is called preface. After that, all articles about farewell gifts are called prefaces. Most of its contents are words of praise or encouragement. What appears in the textbook is the Preface to Send Dongyang Ma Sheng by Song Lian, a writer of Ming Dynasty. In this article, Ma Sheng, a young man from his hometown, introduced his childhood learning experience and encouraged Ma Sheng to cherish his time and study hard.
Inscription of verb (abbreviation of verb)
In ancient times, words carved on objects to warn themselves or praise merit were called "Ming". The inscription on the right side of the case is called "motto", and there is an inscription on "humble room" by Liu Tang Yuxi in the textbook. There are also "epitaphs" carved on stone tablets to describe the life of the deceased and eulogize the deceased, such as Han Yu's "Liu Zihou Epitaph" (not learned).
6. Miscellaneous notes
Include two categories:
1. A style that records scenery, trifles, feelings, etc. Describe mountains and rivers, scenery, and people, such as Little Stone Pond, Travel Notes of West Lake, and Peach Blossom Garden.
2. take notes. Mainly taking notes, it is characterized by short length, about a thousand words long and rich content. It consists of director anecdotes, anecdotes, literary essays, character essays, scientific essays, textual research, reading miscellaneous notes, etc. Such as Shi Shuo Xin Yu (It's time for teenagers, but not necessarily good) and Meng Xi's Bitan (Control insects with insects).
Seven. travel notes
In fact, it is a kind of miscellaneous notes, which is singled out because it occupies a special position in miscellaneous notes: travel notes are a form of prose describing travel experiences, which can describe the beauty of famous mountains and rivers, record the customs of different regions, and express the author's thoughts and feelings. The writing style is relaxed, the language is vivid, and the account is more detailed, which gives people rich social knowledge and beautiful feelings. The famous works selected in this paper are The Three Gorges by Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty (with strong scientific color), Thinking with Scenery by Liang in the Southern Dynasty (with a view to writing), Little Stone Pond by Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty (with a lyrical view to writing), Yueyang Tower by Fan Zhongyan in the Song Dynasty (with a view to writing), and Night Tour in Chengtian Temple by Su Shi in the Song Dynasty.
Eight. fable
A literary work that uses fictional stories to illustrate a certain truth, thus achieving educational or satirical purposes. "Entrust" means "Entrust". Usually, profound truth is pinned on simple stories, so as to compare, borrow the small and compare the big, borrow the ancient and compare the present, and get used to using anthropomorphic techniques, and the language is concise and sharp. The fables selected in this paper include Zheng Man buying shoes in Han Feizi, carving a boat for a sword in Lv Chunqiu, and the struggle between snakes and mussels in Warring States Policy.
Nine. poetic sentiment
The earliest literary genre in China was poetry (the earliest collection of poems in China was The Book of Songs), and it gradually evolved into three styles: poetry, ci and qu.
The main difference between poetry, ci and qu lies in that poetry requires rhythm and pays attention to rhythm, ci is more rigorous than poetry, and ci is a poetic style that sings with music. Qu is also a verse form of harmony singing, but its syntax is more flexible than words.
The highest achievement of poetry was in the Tang Dynasty.
From the form of expression, there are four-character poems such as Guan Ju, Shi Zhong Gentleman, Jia Jian of the Book of Songs, and Cao Cao's View of the Sea in Three Kingdoms. Five-character poems, such as Send the Governor to Shu in the Tang Dynasty (five laws), Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night (five laws) and (five laws), and Li Bai's Qiupu Song (five verses). Seven-character poems such as Looking at Tianmen Mountain by Li Bai in Tang Dynasty (seven-character poem), I heard that Wang Changling moved Longbiaoyao to the left (seven-character poem), gave eighteen members of Zhang Shui Department in early spring (seven-character poem), Red Cliff by Du Mu (seven-character poem), Reward Lotte Yangzhou First Meeting by Liu Yuxi (seven-character poem) and Bai Juyi's. Miscellaneous poems, such as Shu Yun written by Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty, School Book of Xie Tiao Building in Xuanzhou, Song of Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage by Du Fu, etc. The five laws, seven laws, five verses and seven verses belong to modern poetry, and the others belong to ancient poetry.
Yuefu poetry refers to the music songs collected and created by Yuefu officials in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which was called Yuefu for short (formerly the official name) and later became the name of poetry. Lyle songs and Mulan poems are selected in this paper.
The heyday of Ci appeared in the Song Dynasty. When is the bright moon? Mrs. Jiang talks about teenage madness? Li Qingzhao's Xiting Sunset Dream? I chose Fan Zhongyan's Pride of Fisherman and Scenery of Qiu Lai.
Qu was the most popular poet in Yuan Dynasty. In this paper, Ma Zhiyuan's Tianjingsha Qiu Si in Yuan Dynasty and Zhang Yang's Yangtongguan Nostalgia on the Hillside are selected.