First of all, the writer uses various artistic means to cast a large number of perceptual materials obtained from life into living artistic images; Secondly, it is always inseparable from imagination (fantasy, association) and fiction; Third, it is always accompanied by strong emotional activities.
The creative process of thinking in images in literary works determines that there is a fundamental difference between literary works and academic works created by scientists using logical thinking, which can be understood from the following five aspects:
1. In terms of content, although they all reflect objective things, the theme works adopt a "scientific grasp of the world", with accurate materials, true time, place, people, reasons, process and results of events, accurate appearance, size, nature, characteristics and uses of things, and accurate figures, charts and figures cited. Literary works, on the other hand, take a "way of mastering world art", based on life and fiction, and never stick to real people and stories. Characters don't specialize in one model, but take many people and combine them into one. Events are not all based on facts, but take one end and sprout one. The environment is not only based on one place, but is combined and created according to needs. Everything is objective and rational.
2. Formally speaking, although the media they use are all languages, the language of the theme works is simple and clear; The language of literary works lies in literary talent.
3. From the author's point of view, it is the result of thinking, but the theme works mainly use logical thinking, and speak with objective facts, statistical data, logical judgment and reasoning; Literary works mainly use thinking in images to describe words with vivid and touching images.
4. From the reader's point of view, all of them have cognitive value, but the theme works attract readers with facts and reasons, and the appreciator focuses on the evaluation of scientific truth and practical function; Literary works appeal to readers' feelings and imagination, while appreciators focus on artistic truth judgment and aesthetic creation.
5. From the functional point of view, they all have social value, but the theme works are mainly tools for transmitting information, focusing on practicality; Literary works are a means of social influence, focusing on aesthetics.
From the comparison of the above characteristics, we can think that the difference between literary works and other works lies in that it does not aim at transmitting specific knowledge, and it is impossible to obtain scientific and technical expertise or specific scientific experiments, production and working methods by reading literary works; If the main purpose of a work is to convey specific knowledge, then although it has beautiful literary value, such as Sima Qian's Historical Records, it does not belong to the literary category.
Grasping the essential difference between literary works and other works, we can safely index in the process of classified indexing. Of course, there are some special rules for book classification, and we must index according to these rules.