This testing center is up to standard. 1. "Where the soul evokes, vanilla will give birth to three families; At that time, Xiang Liu should know the heart of Jiuge. This couplet is about () A. Jia Yi B. Zhuge Liang C. Qu Yuan D. Wen Tianxiang Answer: C. (The couplets are embedded with the names of Qu Yuan's poems "Evocation of Soul" and "Nine Songs", and Qu Yuan's poems use herbs as a metaphor for noble qualities. Qu Yuan was exiled in Xiangjiang River and Yuanjiang River.
From the content point of view, it is consistent with Qu Yuan. Emotionally, I expressed my regret and sympathy. ) 2. The following works, writers and countries (or dynasties) are all correct: () A. Journey to the West-Wu Cheng'en-Divine Comedy in Ming Dynasty-Dante-German B. Garden in the Mirror-Li Ruzhen-Tom in Ming Dynasty? The Adventures of Sawyer-Mark? Twain-American C. The West Chamber-Wang Shifu-Don Juan in Yuan Dynasty-Byron-Englishman D. Peach Blossom Fan-Kong Renshang-Red and Black in Qing Dynasty-Mo Bosang-French Answer: C (A A. Dante, the author of Divine Comedy, is Italian, not German; B. Li Ruzhen, the author of "Jing Hua Yuan", is from the Qing Dynasty, not the Ming Dynasty; The author of Red and Black is French Stendhal, not Mo Bosang.
(13) "Three fathers and sons in a family are great writers, handed down from generation to generation, and Emei has a high proportion of * * *." The "three fathers and sons" in this poem are () A. Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi B. Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe C. Ban Biao, Ban Gu, Ban Chao D. Du Fu, Du Mu and Du Xunhe. Answer: b) A poem in the stem is written by Comrade Zhu De for Susan Temple in Sichuan, and the correct answer should be B.
In item A, although Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi are also great writers, they also have poems that have been handed down to this day, but they do not conform to the content of "Emei is higher than * * *" in the poem. In item C, although Ban Biao, Ban Gu and Ban Chao are three fathers and sons, Ban Biao and Ban Gu are both famous for their historiography, while Ban Chao is a celebrity, which is inconsistent with the content of "all great writers" in the poem.
Du Fu, Du Mu and Du Xunhe in Item D are not father and son, and they are even less poetic. )。
2. Common sense of classical Chinese in senior high school After reading The Story of the Pond, review the following questions 1. The author of the article "General knowledge of literature" is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Second, the phonetic notation is clear (), the bamboo roll () is at the bottom of the stone (), awkward (), () suddenly () quiet and lonely (). Keyword explanation: 1. One hundred and twenty steps () from the side of Xiaoshan Mountain, we can see that the water in Tan Xiao () is separated by bamboo () (), which means that this island is a beautiful place () () The whole stone is at the bottom (), and there is nothing to rely on (). Have fun with tourists () Fight with snakes () Sad and cold bones () () Gather around () Lonely and nobody () Quiet and quiet () Cui Shi Erxiaosan () Remember to leave () Can't stay long () Followers () 2, ① All stones are at the bottom () ②. () ① The water is particularly clear () ② The environment is too clear () ① There are hundreds of fish in the pond () ② The source is unknown () 5. Cut bamboo and take the main road. When you see the small pond below, the water is particularly clear. 2, green trees and vines, swaying and staggered. 3, looking at the southwest of the pool, fighting snakes, flickering. 4. Their shore potentials are different from each other and their sources are unknown. 5, the sun is shining, the shadow is on the stone, 6, the god is cold and quiet, 7, the whole stone is at the bottom, close to the shore, and the bottom of the stone rolls out. 8. There are hundreds of fish in the pond, all of which are empty and helpless. 9. Because its territory is too clear, you won't live long, but remember it.
3. Ten questions in classical Chinese, with answers-Zhuangzi and Keiko You Hao Liang Shang. Zhuangzi and Keiko swim on Haoliang.
Zhuang Ziri: "It is a pleasure for minnows to swim leisurely." Keiko one day: "If you were not a fish, would you know the happiness of fish?" Zhuangzi said, "I'm not my son, so I don't know the joy of fish?" Keiko Day: "I am not a child, so I know nothing." Zi Gu is not a fish, but he doesn't know the joy of fish! "Zhuangzi Day:" Please read the book.
The next day, people who said, "You know a lot about fish" asked me what I knew, and I knew it. "1, explain the following bold words.
(1) I'm not a son, but I don't know my son () (2) My son is not a fish () 2. Mark the semantic pause of the following sentence with "|" (only mark one place). (1) Zhuangzi and Keiko swim on Haoliang.
(2) the joy of knowing fish? (3) I know this city. 3. Zhuangzi insists that the fish that swim leisurely are very happy. What kind of mood did he show? Refer to the answer L, (1) Of course, (2) Originally 2, (1) Zhuangzi and Keiko/swam on Haoliang.
② An Zhi/Yuxi? (3) I know it/Hao Shang also. 3. Zhuangzi thinks fish is happy, which shows his happy mood.
It is the externalization of his inner pleasure. Second, the "elixir of life" gave King Jing an elixir of life.
The man who shot in the middle asked, "Can I eat?" Say, "Yes." Eat whatever you take.
The king's anger made people kill the man who shot him. The man who shot in the middle made people say, the king said, "I asked the worshippers, and the worshippers said they could eat, so I ate."
It is the minister who is innocent, and the guilty are also guilty. Moreover, it is a dead medicine that the guest offers the fairy medicine, the minister eats it, and the monarch kills it.
You kill innocent ministers, and wise men bully you. "Wang nai don't kill.
1. Choose the right one for the explanation of the words in brackets and fill it in brackets (because, then) () Can (eat) (eat, eat) (make people (say) Wang Yue (the same as "Yue", persuade) () I (therefore) eat it. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and flatterer are understood as _ _ _ _ _ _. The flatterer replied, "You can eat". Flatterers mean _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ So eat persuasion. 2. Someone presented the king of Chu with an elixir of life, and the messenger took the medicine and entered the palace.
You kill innocent ministers, and wise men bully you. The king killed an innocent courtier, which proved that someone was cheating the king.
7. The man who shot in the middle asked, "(Can I eat it? ) ".Parentheses mean the person who shoots in the middle, which means that the person who shoots in the middle can eat; The reader's understanding is, can this thing be eaten? The flatterer replied, "You can eat". Flatterer means you can be eaten by the king, and the understanding of projectile is that I can eat projectile. 8. People who get shot in the middle can finally escape death. Apart from his fickle words, what is the most important thing that touched the heart of the king of Chu and let the shot man go? Killing the shooter in the middle shows that the elixir is false, and people will say that it is a confused king, easy to be deceived and influential.
Grandfather Joan, the satrap for Wei Jun. Solar eclipse in the first month of the first year of Jianhe.
The capital didn't see it, but Joan smelled it. The queen mother asked her how much she had eaten.
Joan thinks she is right. I don't know what's going on. Seven-year-old Wan said, "Why don't you say that the eclipse is like the beginning of the month?" Joan was frightened, that is to say, she loved it with her words.
1, explanation: ① imperial edict ② odd; 2. Translation: ① Joan thinks she is right and doesn't know what is going on; (2) respond to your words; (3) Choice: "Joan listens to her words" has the following understanding, which one is incorrect? (1) Huang Qiong therefore heard about this situation; (2) Huang Qiong reported this situation to the emperor; (3) Huang Qiong let the emperor hear this situation. 4. Understanding: What is Huang Wan's answer after the eclipse: 1. (1) the emperor ordered; I feel different. 2 1 Huang Qiong wants to answer the Queen Mother's inquiry, but he doesn't know how to express it clearly. (2) according to Huang Wan said the answer. 3.①4. Like a rising meniscus.
Four "Cao Zhi Cong Hui" Cao Zhi is in his teens. He reads "Poetry" and "On" with hundreds of thousands of words and is good at writing. Taizu tasted the article and said, "What about inviting people to do evil?" Plant knelt down and said, "Say what you want, write what you want, and take care of the interview.
Why hire people? "When his pen, considerable. Hair is quite different.
1, explanation: ① Gu ② ③ Zhu ④ ⑤ Zhu ⑤ Zhu ②, translation: Good writing style; 2 why do you want to invite people; Mao is very different. Understand: What does "considerable" mean? Answer: 1. (1) Only (2) All (3) Leading (4) All (5) Carrying; 2.① Good at writing articles; (2) Why hire people? Cao Cao thinks he is very different. 3. It's worth seeing, which shows that Cao Zhi's ci and fu are very good. Five "Yang Dui" is a book in China.
Get along with colleagues: "The days under water are the days in the sky", but without the right, Yang Danian gets something for nothing. Because I asked him if he was right, Danian replied: "The person in the eyes is the person in front of me." Cheer up as soon as you sit down.
1, explanation: ① For ② Answer 2, translation: Hui Yang Danian is suitable for white matter 3, understanding: What is the benefit of Yang Danian to you? Answer: 1. (1) Right (2) The sound that stops immediately after (the other party) 2. It happened that Yang Danian came to report this matter. ① Right; ② Public image. Six "Chenggong firewood and hard work" Chenggong, Langxie Gu Muren.
Eight-year-old Shao Gu is a pig farmer. Villager Xu Zisheng studied Spring and Autumn Annals and taught hundreds of students.
When the palace is under its roof, you can see the students talking and reciting. Fortunately, you can listen to the scriptures, because you forgot their pigs. The pig owner blamed him for not returning it and asked for it.
I want to smash it when I see it. It is forbidden to have * * * under the door.
Because staying under the palace gate. The firewood is bitter, and decades are like one day.
1, explanation: ① Lonely, ② Bright, ③ Loving, ④ 2, Translation: ① The owner of the pig blamed him for not returning it, and pursued the answer: 1. ① Losing his father at a young age ② Mastering the house, that is, the bookstore ④ Whipping with bamboo. 2. The owner of the pig was surprised that he didn't go home successfully and searched all the way. Seven "Huan Rong is diligent and tireless" Huan Rong was rushed at first. He and his people were hungry together, but Huan Rong talked endlessly. He sneered at Rong, "But when will you use it again?" Laugh without answering.
Too often, Yuan Qing.
4. Does the Chinese in the new national curriculum test literature common sense? Although the college entrance examination syllabus has specific requirements for the examination of literary common sense, except for a few provinces and cities, most papers do not take literary common sense. The national examination papers have failed to test literature common sense for many years in a row, and most of the examination papers in other provinces and cities have failed to test. The general requirement of "literary common sense and famous sentences" in the 2009 examination syllabus is: "to be able to remember literary common sense and common famous sentences." (2) Memorizing common sense of literature; (3) Dictation of common famous sentences and articles. Judging from the examination practice in the field of curriculum standards in the past three years, most provinces and cities, except Zhejiang, read famous sentences, ancient poems and even modern literature except Fujian in 2008. "Writer's Works" examines the prominence of "importance" and "literary common sense". The scores of provinces and cities vary from 4- 1 1, and most of them are 5-8. Most of the test materials come from high school Chinese textbooks, and the examination of famous sentences tends to decrease after class to reduce the burden of candidates preparing for exams. The focus of the examination is to fill in the blanks with famous poems and famous sentences in famous articles (famous sentences expressing situational feelings, famous sentences full of philosophy of life or expressing positive feelings). It requires candidates to understand the content on the basis of memory in order to choose accurately, which is more difficult than rote learning. This kind of question is often cold. (National Volume 1, 2009) Fill in the blanks in the following famous sentences. (Choose one of the two questions) (5 points) (1) Confucius said, "He who knows is not confused." Zi Han) Forty-eight thousand years have passed. However, there is still only one bird's path in Dabaishan to the west. Then connect the ladder with the stone crib. (Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu") (2) Curse your mind and suppress your ambition, while ... consolidate the thickness of the former sage. (Qu Yuan's Lisao) Feather fan with black silk scarf, laughing and laughing, ..., and the early birth of Fahua. (Su Shi, "Nian Nujiao? Red cliff nostalgia ").
5. College entrance examination Chinese classical Chinese answering skills College entrance examination Chinese classical Chinese reading answering skills and methods Classical Chinese reading answering skills Classical Chinese reading questions have been very stable, and there have been no major accidents in the exams over the years.
Generally speaking, topics are also set in four directions: content words, function words, personality expression and content induction. Score 12, generally set 3-4 questions.
Generally speaking, the last topic is evaluated from the perspective of the full text, so you should read the last topic first and have a general understanding of the article. Then, read the original text carefully and make a preliminary understanding with your own sense of language. In this process, words must be combined with the topic to understand.
The third step is to enter the actual problem-solving link: 1, the content word in classical Chinese. It is necessary to analyze the form and meaning of the content words examined.
Infer common words from the same pronunciation, connect with the context, deduce the meaning, and then bring the meaning given in the option into the original text. If you find that the language is fluent and reasonable, it means that the explanation is correct and there is no objection. Generally speaking, the definition of notional words that have never been heard is often correct, which is the interference of topic setting.
2. Function words in classical Chinese. Students must have practiced a lot of function words when preparing for the exam. When doing this topic, you must first determine the meaning of this word in other sentences you have encountered, and put this meaning in the sentences in the test questions for verification. If it makes sense, it should be correct.
3, personality performance questions. The first thing to find out is the option that can't express the required characters in the stem, and the interference option is excluded first.
When doing this problem, the common problem is arrogance. It is necessary to impose other people's personality or irrelevant personality on the protagonist and try to avoid such mistakes as much as possible. 4. Content induction questions.
First, find out the options in the text to explain the corresponding sentences, and then read them carefully to accurately grasp the original meaning. It should be noted that the mistakes in the wrong question options are often very detailed, mainly from the perspective of reverse order, making things out of nothing, confusing people's stories and so on.
First, to judge whether the added words are correct, which words should I focus on in the translation of complex notional words in ancient Chinese, and how to train myself to answer such questions. Use several methods: exclusion substitution (substituting the explanation given after it into the original text to see whether the sentence is correct or not, and incorrect is wrong) reasoning (using glyphs to push-that is, looking at the meaning revealed by the writing structure of the word, using grammar to push-that is, analyzing the sentence components that the word acts as to get its part of speech, and using context to push-that is, combining the contextual meaning of the text to understand the meaning of the word) Second, add some words with the same meaning and usage.
First, master the meaning and usage of 120 notional words 18 function words that are often tested in the college entrance examination. . .
6. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, almost one, 1 is used as a pronoun in the college entrance examination in several cases.
Dai is the third person. Translated into "he" (they) and "it" (they).
Be an object or part-time language, not a subject. (2) demonstrative pronouns, indicating near fingers.
It can be translated into "this" and is usually used as a plural attribute. 2. Used as auxiliary words, it can be divided into several situations: ① structural auxiliary words, attributive symbols.
Used between the attributive and the head word (noun), it can be translated into "de", and some cannot be translated. (2) Signs of structural auxiliary words and complements.
Used between the head (verb, adjective) and the complement, it can be translated as "de". ③ Symbols of structural auxiliary words and preposition objects.
Used after the advanced object and before the verb predicate or preposition, it should be omitted in translation. ④ Structural auxiliary words.
When the subject-predicate phrase is used as the subject, object or clause in a sentence, the "zhi" is used between the subject and the predicate to cancel the independence of the sentence, and translation is not necessary. Translation can also be omitted.
⑤ Syllable auxiliary words. When used at the end of adjectives, adverbs or some verbs, or between three words, it becomes four words, which only plays the role of adjusting syllables and is meaningless, and should be omitted in translation.
Second, and 1 are used as conjunctions. Connectives, phrases and clauses can express various relationships.
① indicates that it is equivalent to "and" and "; If you love and are happy, you lose your heart. (2) indicates conformity, which is equivalent to "rigidity" and "rigidity"; It is never too late to mend.
③ indicates a turning point, which is equivalent to "but" and "but"; Green is blue, green is blue. (4) said cause and effect, equivalent to "because.
So ... "
⑤ indicates modification (mode and status). (5) said hypothesis, equivalent to "if"; People without faith don't know what they can do. ⑦ indicates a progressive relationship, which can be translated as "and" or "and"; A gentleman is knowledgeable, but he can save Japanese ginseng. Used as a pronoun.
Used only as the second person, usually as an attribute, translated as "yours"; Occasionally, it is also used as the subject and translated into "you". 3. The disyllabic function word "just" is placed at the end of the sentence, indicating the modal auxiliary word of restriction, which is equivalent to "just".
4, and then, just now. 1) I try my best to die.
5, and the situation is "don't mention it", expressing further meaning in a rhetorical tone. (1) Zhong Qing was placed in the water today, although the wind and waves could not sound.
And the situation is stone! 6. Soon, for a while. Third, its 1, used as a pronoun, can be divided into several situations: ① the third person pronoun.
It can be used for people and things, and can be translated into "his" and "its" (including plural) before nouns. ② Third person pronoun.
Generally speaking, when used in front of verbs or adjectives, as a small subject in a subject-predicate phrase (the whole subject-predicate phrase is used as a subject or object modifier in a sentence), it should be translated into "he" and "it". ③ Flexible use as the first person.
It can be used as an attribute or a small subject, and the sentence can be translated into "mine" or "I (myself)". (4) demonstrative pronoun, indicating far.
It can be translated as "that", "that", "those" and "there" (5) demonstrative pronoun, which means "among them", followed by numerals.
2. Used as an adverb. Put it at the beginning of a sentence or in a sentence to express the tone of measurement, rhetorical question, negotiation and expectation. Often collocated with modal particles at the end of sentences, they can be translated as "probably", "really" and "possibly" or omitted.
3. Used as a conjunction. When used as a conjunction, it is usually placed at the beginning of a sentence, indicating a hypothesis and can be translated as "if"; Table choice can be translated as "or". If his career is not refined, his morality is not successful, and his inferiority is not innate, then his heart is not exclusive. Is it too much for others? (preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Yang) 4. Auxiliary words can adjust syllables and can be translated.
There is a long way to go in Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down. (Lisao) Fourth, use 1. Prepositions indicate tools.
Take, use, take. I want to invite Eby with fifteen cities.
(Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) (2) Scholar-officials refused to spend the night on the boat. (Shi Zhongshan Ji) 2. Preposition, indicating dependence.
Translation: by, by. (1) I heard that the princes were brave.
(Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) (2) For a long time, people can be distinguished by their footsteps. ("Selected Records of Ji Xiang") They are all good at rhetoric and are called Fu Jian.
(Biography of Qu Yuan) 3. Preposition, indicating the object of disposal. Translation: play.
(1) I also worked hard when I fucked Sue. (Battle of Red Cliffs) 4. Preposition, indicating time and place.
Translation: in, in, from. (1) cut in the city on August 13th.
(2) In the summer of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Huang Guan entered Huashan on foot from Beijing. If you return to China before the time, you will be dead by then.
5. Preposition, indicating the reason. Because because.
(1) Does Zhao Wang still bully Qin evil with stones? ("Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru") (2) The death of our county was an angry blow, and we dare not punish it again. ("Five Epitaphs") Wang Huai didn't know the difference between loyalty and ministers, but he was deceived by Zheng Xiu inside and bullied by Zhang Yi outside.
(Biography of Qu Yuan) 6. Preposition, indicating the basis. According to, according to, according to.
I am with a real school today. (Battle of Red Cliffs) (2) The other ships are inferior.
(Battle of Red Cliffs) Description: The object of the word "one" can sometimes be prepositioned and sometimes omitted. ① Take one as ten (idiom) ② Day and night (idiom) ③ Autumn is a period (The Book of Songs? 7. Conjunction.
Represents a parallel or progressive relationship. It can be translated into "and" "and" and so on, or it can be omitted.
(1) If you are close, you will have many tourists. (The Travel Notes of Baochan) ② I moved, and my soul flew.
("Dream of Mount Tianmu") 8. Undertake conjunctions. The former action is often the means or way of the latter action.
It can be translated as "and" or omitted. (1) wait for four people to enter with fire.
(Shi Zhongshan) (2) Fan Kuai side its shield. (The Hongmen Banquet) ③ Stand up and listen.
("Promoting Weaving") 9. Purpose conjunction, the latter action is often the purpose or result of the previous action. It can be translated into "Er", "Lai", "Use" and "Result".
Please make the prince king and dedicate him to the king of Qin. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) (2) Plot a few hectares of land, and the rest of the year should be above Iraq and Ying, and teach my son and your son (offering sacrifices to Twelve Lang Wen) (3) Being robbed by the power of Qin people's savings, the moon will be cut tomorrow, which will lead to extinction (Six Kingdoms Theory) 10.
It is often used before the clause indicating the cause and effect, and can be translated as "because". For example:
7. New Curriculum National Volume 1 China Cultural Common Sense 1. Read modern Chinese (9 points, 3 points for small questions). Read the following text and complete 1-3 questions. Agriculture, handicrafts and commerce in the Song Dynasty had a new development on the basis of the Tang Dynasty, especially the unprecedented prosperity of commodity economy.
In this context, the currency circulation and credit in Song Dynasty entered a period of rapid development, which opened a new chapter in ancient finance. In Song Dynasty, new features appeared in credit forms and credit tools.
There are many forms of credit, such as loan, pledge, mortgage, pawn, credit purchase and credit sale. Lending is divided into * * * lending and private lending.
* * * Loans are mainly relief loans. In an emergency, lend people food or seeds to help them tide over the difficulties. Private lending is mostly usury, which can solve the serious shortage of funds for ordinary people caused by social differentiation and "money shortage" and meet special payments and urgent needs.
Pledge and mortgage are the forms of loan guarantee, which are operated by institutions such as quality banks and solution banks. Pledge belongs to chattel guarantee, and the possession of chattel must be transferred; Mortgage belongs to real estate guarantee, and usually the contract of collateral can be delivered to the creditor.
When the debtor breaches the contract, the creditor can get the sales price first. As a form of real estate transfer, pawning right was formed and developed in Song Dynasty.
Its characteristic is that the pawnbroker has the right to be pawnbroker's pawnbroker's pawnbroker's pawnbroker's pawnbroker's pawnbroker's pawnbroker's pawnbroker's pawnbroker's pawnbroker. Commercial trade in Song Dynasty was very developed, but there was deflation, and credit purchase and sales were also very common. In the fields of production, circulation and consumption, almost everything can be bought and sold on credit.
From the actual effect, it solved the supply of military supplies, expanded the circulation, and more importantly, hit the usury that restricted the expansion and development of production and circulation. With the development of social economy, the demand for money in commercial trade in Song Dynasty is increasing, but the situation of money supply and circulation in society is not ideal, which is characterized by the separatism of currency circulation areas, limited money supply, large amount of steel money in circulation, small size and inconvenient carrying. As a result, economic development was restrained.
In order to solve this kind of problem, under the guarantee of highly developed paper money and printing technology, through the function of folk spontaneous power and the compulsory implementation of the government, new paper money credit tools such as tea citation, salt citation, Jiaozi, Guanzi and Huizi appeared in Song Dynasty. Tea lures and salt lures require relevant personnel to pay food and grass or cash first, and then use such paper credit notes to exchange cash or * * * monopoly goods in different places.
The use of these credit tools, in addition to playing a credit function, also makes * * * and businessmen profit in the monopoly commodity field, which is not only beneficial for businessmen to get a slice of the monopoly commodity, but also beneficial for * * * to achieve the purpose of increasing income and supplying munitions. In the early days, Jiaozi, Guanzi and Huizi asked the relevant personnel to pay cash first as a condition for getting cash, and then they took Jiaozi, Guanzi and Huizi to the designated area to get cash as needed.
This kind of credit instrument is easy to carry and has the nature of a bill of exchange, which can guarantee the smooth settlement of payment for bulk transactions and cross-regional transactions. Their use makes up for the shortage of money and saves the demand for money circulation.
Since then, jiaozi, Guanzi and Huizi have gradually developed into paper money. It can be seen that the widespread use of new credit tools in the Song Dynasty is the most iconic new thing in the history of social and economic development, which relieves or solves many inconveniences and contradictions in the exchange process, thus promoting economic development to a great extent.
(Excerpted from Wang Fang's The Characteristics and Influence of Credit in Song Dynasty) 1. The following statements about the original content are incorrect: (d) A. Credit in the Song Dynasty entered a period of rapid development, and the emergence of credit forms such as lending, pledge, pawn, credit purchase and credit sale was a new feature of finance in the Song Dynasty. The B * * * loan in Song Dynasty was basically a relief loan, the main purpose of which was to help people tide over the difficulties. Therefore, compared with private loans, the interest rate of * * * loans is much lower.
C in the song dynasty, the debtor could borrow money from the creditor with the real estate contract or movable property as the guarantee. When the debtor could not repay the debt, he could sell the price and give priority to the creditor. D. The credit form of credit purchase and credit sale solved the problem of insufficient funds brought about by deflation in the Song Dynasty to some extent, and eased many contradictions in the fields of production, circulation and consumption.
(d) There is no evidence in the text. The original text is "The commercial trade in Song Dynasty was very developed, but there was deflation, so the behavior of buying on credit and selling on credit was also very common. Almost everything in the fields of production, circulation and consumption can be bought and sold on credit ") 2. The following understanding and analysis are inconsistent with the original intention. (B) A. Driven by the development of commodity economy, the credit tools in Song Dynasty were constantly innovated. B. All kinds of new paper money credit instruments were originally issued in the Song Dynasty, with the purpose of solving many problems such as the separatist regime in currency circulation areas.
C. Using credit tools such as tea quotation and salt quotation, some merchants can obtain monopoly certificates of tea, salt and other commodities, and share some benefits from the commodities monopolized by * * * *. D. Paper-making and printing were highly developed in Song Dynasty, which provided technical conditions for the emergence of new credit tools such as jiaozi, Guan Zi and Huizi.
(2) "All kinds of new paper credit notes were originally issued by * * * in the Song Dynasty" is inconsistent with the original text. The original text is "New paper-based credit instruments such as Tea Citation, Salt Citation, Jiaozi, Guanzi and Huizi appeared in the Song Dynasty through the spontaneous power of the people and the compulsory implementation of the government", and its purpose is to solve the problems of "the separatist nature of currency circulation areas and the limited money supply". And a large number of circulating steel coins are small in size and inconvenient to carry. According to the original content, the following understanding and analysis are incorrect: (c) A. Quality warehouses and warehouses are institutions that pledge, lend money and collect interest. With the development of social economy in Tang and Song Dynasties, the quality bank and solution bank also flourished.
B In the Song Dynasty, the pawnbroker could get the price of a pawnshop without paying interest after mortgaging the property to the pawnshop. During the pawn period, the pawnbroker not only enjoys the right to use the house, but also has the right to rent it.
C although the early jiaozi has the nature of a bill of exchange, it can overcome the inconvenience of carrying metal currency and ensure the smooth settlement of payment in commodity transactions, but it has not yet developed into paper money. D. various forms of credit in song dynasty.