A brief introduction to the life of Zhu Ziqing
Zhu Ziqing (1898-1948)
A modern famous poet, essayist, scholar, and democratic fighter.
Originally named Zihua. The courtesy name is Peixian, the pseudonym is Qiushi, and the pen names are Yu Jie, Zhibai, etc. He was originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, and was born in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province on November 22, 1898. Born into a scholarly family. His grandfather Zhu Zeyu, named Jupo, was originally from Shaoxing and his surname was Yu. He inherited the Zhu family name and took his surname Zhu. Grandmother Wu. His father's name is Hongjun and his nickname is Xiaopo, and his mother's name is Zhou. When he was six years old, he settled in Yangzhou with his family. When he was young, he was unsmiling, conscientious in study, calm and stubborn, clean and self-respecting. He had excellent conduct and academic performance. He liked reading novels and was quite ambitious. He once called himself a "literary man". Thirteen years of life in Yangzhou and the beautiful scenery of the lakes and mountains made his feelings always filled with poetry and painting.
In 1916, he was admitted to the preparatory course of Peking University and married Ms. Wu Zhongqian at the end of the same year. In the summer of 1917, due to the deterioration of the family's financial situation, in order to reduce the family burden, he changed his name to "Ziqing". Because he felt that his temperament was slow, he felt that in "Han Feizi" "Dong Anyu's temperament is slow, so he wears a string to express his urgency." The word "Pei Xian" means "Pei Xian" as a warning, so he applied for the undergraduate examination at Peking University one year in advance and was admitted to the philosophy department.
In 1919, he joined the "New Wave" Poetry Club and began to write new poems. His first new poem, "Sleep, Little Man", was published in February of the same year. He was active in the May 4th Patriotic Movement and the New Culture Movement, and thus embarked on the path of literature. Within three years, he completed the four-year course and graduated early in 1920. Since then, he has taught in middle schools in Hangzhou, Yangzhou, Shanghai, Taizhou, Wenzhou, Ningbo and Shangyu, while engaging in new poetry and prose creation. In 1922, he co-founded the monthly "Poem" (the first poetry magazine in the history of modern literature) with Yu Pingbo and others. His poems present a pure and simple new style, either passionately pursuing the light and looking forward to the future, or powerfully criticizing the dark world, exposing a life of blood and tears, and permeating with the revolutionary spirit of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism.
In the summer of 1925, he went to Beijing to serve as a professor at Tsinghua University. In August 1928, he published a collection of essays "Back", which aroused strong repercussions in the literary world and distinguished himself with his plain, simple yet fresh and beautiful writing style. On November 26 of the same year, his wife Wu Zhongqian died of illness in Yangzhou, which was a great blow to him.
In April 1931, he met Ms. Chen Zhuyin, and in August of the same year, he went to Europe for further study and travel. After returning to China in July 1932, he wrote "Miscellaneous Notes on Travels in Europe" and remained a professor at Tsinghua University. In August of the same year, he married Chen Zhuyin. After 1934, he participated in the editing work of "Literary Quarterly" magazine.
In 1937, when the Anti-Japanese War broke out, he moved south with the school to Changsha, Kunming, Mengzi, and Chengdu, where he served as a professor at Changsha Temporary University and Southwest Associated University. During this period, he wrote the prose "Chinese Language Shadow" and co-authored "Chinese Language Teaching" and other books with Ye Shengtao.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he actively supported Kunming students in opposing the Kuomintang’s civil war. In 1946, he returned to Beijing from Kunming and served as director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University. In July, the famous democracy fighters Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo were assassinated by Kuomintang agents. Regardless of his personal safety, he attended the memorial meeting for the Li and Wen massacres held by all walks of life in Chengdu and reported Wen Yiduo's life story. In October 1946, he returned to Peiping from Sichuan and in November served as the convener of the "Committee to Organize the Posthumous Works of Mr. Wen Yiduo".
On June 18, 1948, he was seriously ill, but he still signed the "Declaration of Protesting the U.S. Support for Japan Policy and Refuse to Receive U.S. Aid Flour" and told his family not to buy allotment flour. He always maintained his integrity. The noble integrity and valuable sentiments of the patriotic intellectuals. At 11:40 on August 12, he died of illness in Peiping at the age of 51. Mao Zedong once praised his "backbone" for being seriously ill and would rather starve to death than receive "relief food" from the United States, which showed the heroic spirit of our nation."
Zhu Ziqing was diligent throughout his life and wrote 26 kinds of poems, essays, reviews, and academic research works, totaling more than two million words. His posthumous works are compiled into "Zhu Ziqing's Collection", "Zhu Ziqing's Selected Poems and Prose", etc.
After Zhu Ziqing died of illness, he was buried in Wanan Cemetery near Xiangshan. The tombstone is engraved with "The Tomb of Mr. Zhu Ziqing, Professor of Tsinghua University". In 1990, his wife Chen Zhuyin passed away and was buried with her husband.
/q?word=%D6%EC%D7%D4%C7%E5%B5%C4%BC%F2%BD%E9&ct=17&pn=0&tn=ikaslist&rn=10 Zhu Ziqing (1989-1948 ), whose original name is Zihua, courtesy name Peixian, and nickname Qiushi, was originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and was born in Haizhou, Jiangsu Province. Modern essayist, poet, professor.
He graduated from the Philosophy Department of Peking University in 1920. He wrote new poems as a student and later engaged in prose writing. In the autumn of 1920, he founded Poetry Magazine.
In 1925, he went to teach in the Chinese Literature Department of Tsinghua University in Beijing and soon became the director of the department. During the Anti-Japanese War, he served as a professor at Southwest Associated University. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he still taught at Tsinghua University and actively supported the student movement against the Kuomintang dictatorship. In 1947, Zhu Ziqing signed the "Declaration of Thirteen Professors". Protest against arbitrary arrests by the authorities.
In June 1948, he participated in a demonstration in Beijing against U.S. support for Japan and signed the "Declaration of Protesting U.S. Support for Japan and Refuse to Receive American Flour." He died in Peiping on August 20, 1948 due to poverty and illness. He is the author of "Traces", the collection of essays "Back", "Miscellaneous Notes on European Travel", "You and Me", "Miscellaneous Notes on London", and the literary treatise "Shiyan Zhibian" , "Remembering the Appreciation of Elegance and Popularity" and so on.
Introduction to Lu Xun
Lu Xun (original name: Zhou Shuren) (September 25, 1881 - October 19, 1936) was the greatest writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern China. , Lu Xun’s spirit is called the soul of the Chinese nation, and he is the founder of modern Chinese literature. He is a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang (his ancestral home is Zhengyang County, Henan Province). His original name is Zhou Zhangshou and his courtesy name is Yushan. Mother Lu Rui, father Zhou Boyi. Later, the name was changed to Hencai, and when he went to Nanjing to study in 1898, he changed his name to Zhou Shuren. Lu Xun (Zhou Shuren) was the eldest brother, and Zhou Zuoren was the second eldest brother. Zhou Jianren is the third child (the younger brother in Kite). "Lu Xun" was the pen name he started using when writing for "New Youth" in 1918, and has since become the most respected pen name in the world. Lu Xun is the greatest writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern China and one of the most accomplished writers in the world.
Lu Xun was the pen name Zhou Shuren used when he published "Diary of a Madman". Because of its growing influence, people used to call him Lu Xun. Born on September 25, 1881. Born into a run-down feudal family. In his youth, he was influenced by the theory of evolution, Nietzsche's philosophy of the Superman and Tolstoy's thought of philanthropy. In 1902, he went to Japan to study. He originally studied medicine at Sendai Medical College and later engaged in literary and artistic work, hoping to change the national spirit. From 1905 to 1907, he participated in the activities of the revolutionary party and published papers such as "On the Power of Moro Poetry" and "On Cultural Partiality". During this period, he returned to China and married his wife, Zhu An, at the behest of his mother. In 1909, together with his brother Zhou Zuoren, he co-translated "Collection of Foreign Novels" to introduce foreign literature. He returned to China in the same year and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing successively.
After the Revolution of 1911, he served as a minister and minister of education in the Nanjing Provisional Government and the Beijing Government, and also taught at Peking University, Women's Normal University and other schools. In May 1918, he used the pen name "Lu Xun" for the first time to publish the first vernacular novel in the history of modern Chinese literature, "The Diary of a Madman", which laid the cornerstone of the New Literature Movement. Before and after the May 4th Movement, he participated in the work of "New Youth" magazine and became the main leader of the "May 4th" New Culture Movement.
Between 1918 and 1926, he successively created and published novel collections "Scream", "Wandering", essay collections "Grave", "Hot Wind", "Huagai Collection", "Huagai Collection Sequel", and essays. Special collections such as the poetry collection "Wild Grass" and the prose collection "Morning Blossoms Picked Up at Dusk" have been included in various teaching materials. Among them, the novella "The True Story of Ah Q" published in December 1921 is an immortal masterpiece in the history of modern Chinese literature. In August 1926, he was wanted by the Beiyang warlord government for supporting the Beijing student patriotic movement. He went south to serve as the director of the Chinese Department of Xiamen University. In January 1927, he went to Guangzhou, the then revolutionary center, and served as the academic director of Sun Yat-sen University. He arrived in Shanghai in October 1927 and began living with his student Xu Guangping. In 1929, his son Zhou Haiying was born. Since 1930, he has participated in the Chinese Freedom Movement Alliance, the Chinese Left-wing Writers Alliance and the Chinese Civil Rights Protection Alliance to resist the dictatorship and political persecution of the Kuomintang government. From 1927 to 1936, he created most of the works in the historical novel collection "New Stories" and a large number of essays, which were collected in "Ji Ji Ji", "San Xian Ji", "Two Hearts Collection", and "Nan Qian Bei Diao Ji" ", "Pseudo Free Letters", "Quan Feng Yue Tan", "Lace Literature", "Qie Jie Ting's Essays", "Qie Jie Ting's Essays, Part Two", "Qie Jie Ting's Essays, The Last Series", "Ji Wai Ji" and Special collections such as "Collections from Jiwai Ji". Lu Xun made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings throughout his life: he led and supported literary groups such as "Weiming Society" and "Chaohua Society"; he edited "National Newspaper Supplement" (Type B) and "Wangyuan" , "Yusi", "Running", "Grudge", "Translation" and other literary and art journals; enthusiastically care for and actively cultivate young authors; vigorously translate foreign progressive literary works and introduce famous paintings and woodcuts at home and abroad; collect, research and organize A large amount of classical literature, compiled "A Brief History of Chinese Novels" and "An Outline of the History of Chinese Literature", compiled "Collections of Ji Kang", and compiled "Miscellaneous Records of Old Books from Kuaiji County", "Ancient Novels", and "Records of Legends of the Tang and Song Dynasties" , "Novel Old News Notes" and so on.
On October 19, 1936, Lu Xun died in Shanghai. Thousands of ordinary people came to see him off on their own initiative, and his coffin was covered with a flag with the words "National Soul" written on it. Buried in Hongqiao Cemetery of All Nations. In 1956, Lu Xun's body was moved to Hongkou Park and Mao Zedong inscribed the rebuilt tomb of Lu Xun.
In 1938, "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (twenty volumes) was published. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Lu Xun's writings and translations have been compiled into "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (ten volumes), "Collected Works of Lu Xun's Translations" (ten volumes), "Lu Xun's Diary" (two volumes), and "Collected Letters of Lu Xun" , and reprinted many ancient books compiled by Lu Xun. In 1981, "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (sixteen volumes) was published. Lu Xun museums and memorial halls have been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Shaoxing, Guangzhou, Xiamen and other places. Dozens of Lu Xun's novels, essays, poems, and essays have been selected into Chinese textbooks for middle and primary schools. The novels "Blessing", "The True Story of Ah Q", "Medicine", etc. have been adapted into movies.
Lu Xun's works have enriched the treasure house of world literature and have been translated into more than 50 languages ??including English, Japanese, Russian, Spanish, French, German, and Arabic... and have a large number of readers around the world. Lu Xun once married Zhu An because of his mother's arrangement, but Zhu An was not good-looking, a victim of feudal society, and had very old ideas. There was a trend in Lu Xun's hometown of Shaoxing that looked down on divorced women. Lu Xun was kind-hearted and did not want Zhu An to fall into this kind of situation. At this point, he had no choice but to leave Zhu An on the pretext of going out to work, and later married Xu Guangping and gave birth to Hai Ying. Zhu An never consummated marriage with Lu Xun in his life and could not have children. After Lu Xun died, it was Zhu An who kept vigil for him, but no one kept vigil for her after Zhu An died. Zhu An was always unfortunate throughout his life.
Life and Creation
Lu Xun was born in 1881 in a bureaucratic landlord family in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. However, when he was 13 years old, his grandfather, who was an official in the capital, was Therefore, he was imprisoned. After that, his father became ill for a long time and eventually died, and the family situation quickly declined. Family changes had a profound impact on the young Lu Xun. He is the eldest son of the family. He has a lonely mother and younger siblings. He has to bear the burden of life together with his mother. The innocent and lively childhood life was over, and he prematurely experienced the hardships of life and the warmth and coldness of the world. He often went to the drug store to pick up the medicine prescribed by the doctor for his father, and took the things to the pawn shop to sell them. In the past, when his family was well off, people around him looked at him as a little "gongzi" with envy. His words were kind and his eyes were tender. But now that his family has become poor, the attitudes of the people around him have changed: his words are cold, his eyes are cold, and there is a look of disdain on his face. This change in the attitude of the people around him left a deep impression on Lu Xun's mind and had a huge impact on his soul. It made him feel that in China at that time, there was a lack of sincere sympathy and love between people. . People look at people and things with a "snobbish eye": they have one attitude towards rich and powerful people, and another attitude towards people without money and power. Many years later, Lu Xun said very sadly: "Is there anyone who has fallen into poverty from a well-off family? I thought that along the way, I could probably see the true face of the world." ("Preface to "[Scream]")
The changes in his family and his life experience after the accident also made Lu Xun close to the lower class people since he was a boy. His maternal grandmother's family lived in a rural area, which gave him the opportunity to contact and understand the life of farmers. Especially around the time his grandfather was imprisoned, he had to take refuge with relatives in the countryside and lived in the countryside for a long time. There, he became friends with the children in the countryside, playing with them, boating with them, watching plays together, and sometimes going to their fields to "steal" beans and cook them. There is no mutual discrimination or hatred between them, but mutual care and friendship. Throughout his life, Lu Xun remembered and described his simple, natural, sincere and innocent relationship with rural children as the most beautiful relationship between people.
At that time, ordinary scholars took three paths: one was to study and become an official. If you pass the imperial examination, you can be promoted, you can make a fortune, your personal worth will be a hundred times greater, and your family will become the envy of the world. This is considered the "right path" for scholars. Those who are not able to become officials can still serve as a "staff member" of a certain bureaucrat, making suggestions, working hard for this bureaucrat, and accepting gifts from this bureaucrat. Through the power of this bureaucracy, I also gained power. This was the second path often taken by scholars at that time. If the first two paths fail, you can still go into business. Although this is despised by the bureaucrats at the time, you can make a fortune and avoid being humiliated and harmed at the bottom of society. Lu Xun took another path that was most looked down upon by people at the time: entering a "foreign school". In China at that time, this was regarded by ordinary people as a despicable act of "selling one's soul to foreign devils". In 1898, 18-year-old Lu Xun left his hometown and entered the Nanjing Naval Academy with the purpose of going to a "different place" to find "different people" with the 8 silver dollars that his loving mother had managed to raise in various ways. Later he changed to Nanjing Road and Mine School. Both schools were established by the Westernizationists at that time in order to enrich the country and strengthen the army. They offered courses in mathematics, physics, chemistry and other natural science knowledge, which had never been seen in traditional Chinese education. In his spare time, Lu Xun also read works on foreign literature and social sciences, which greatly broadened his cultural horizons. In particular, Yan Fu's translation of "On the Evolution of Heaven" by Huxley, an Englishman, had a profound influence on Lu Xun. "Tianyan Lun" is a work that introduces Darwin's theory of evolution, which made Lu Xun realize that the real world is not harmonious and perfect, but full of fierce competition. If a person or a nation wants to survive and develop, it must have the spirit of self-reliance, independence, and self-improvement. We cannot be at the mercy of fate or bullied by the strong.
Lu Xun’s life and creations Lu Xun was a person with a strong thirst for knowledge. During his studies at Nanjing Road and Mine School, his academic performance was always excellent, which gave him the opportunity to study abroad at government expense after graduation. . In 1902, he traveled east to Japan and began tutoring Japanese at Tokyo Kobun Gakuin, and later entered Sendai Medical College. He chose to study medicine in order to treat patients like his father who had been harmed by quackery, and to improve the health of the Chinese people who were ridiculed as the "sick man of East Asia." It was through Western medicine that Japan realized the value and significance of Western science and technology. Lu Xun also wanted to enlighten the Chinese people through medicine.
But his dream did not last long before it was shattered by the harsh reality. At that time, Japan was rapidly becoming stronger through the Meiji Restoration, but the power of Japanese militarism was also developing at the same time. In Japan, as a citizen of a weak country, Lu Xun was often discriminated against by the Japanese with militaristic tendencies. In their eyes, all Chinese people are "imbecile". Lu Xun's anatomy score was 59 points, and they suspected that Fujino Genkuro, the teacher in charge of the anatomy class, had leaked the test questions to him. This made Lu Xun deeply feel the sorrow of being a citizen of a weak country. Once, in a slideshow shown before class, Lu Xun saw a Chinese man being captured and beheaded by the Japanese army, while a group of Chinese people stood aside and watched the fun as if nothing had happened. Lu Xun was greatly stimulated. This made him realize that mental numbness is more terrible than physical weakness. To change the tragic fate of the Chinese nation in a modern world with many powerful countries, the first thing is to change the spirit of the Chinese people, and the first thing that is good at changing the spirit of the Chinese people is literature and art. So Lu Xun abandoned medicine to pursue literature, left Sendai Medical College, returned to Tokyo, translated foreign literary works, organized literary magazines, published articles, and engaged in literary activities. At that time, what he discussed most with his friends was the issue of Chinese national character: What is ideal human nature? What is lacking most in Chinese national character? What is its root cause? Through this kind of thinking, Lu Xun put his personal life into perspective. The experience was linked to the fate of the entire Chinese nation, which laid the basic ideological foundation for his later career as a writer and thinker. At that time, he and his second brother Zhou Zuoren jointly translated two volumes of "Collection of Foreign Novels", and he personally published a series of works such as "Scientific History and Education", "Cultural Partialism", and "The Power of Moro Poetry". Important Papers. In these papers, he put forward the important idea that "building a country" must first "build people", and enthusiastically called for "spiritual warriors" whose "intentions are in resistance and their return is in actions."
While studying in Japan, Lu Xun gained a clearer understanding of the development of contemporary world culture, had more practical thinking about the future and destiny of the Chinese nation, and initially formed his independent world view and Outlook on life, however, Lu Xun was not a hero who "raised his arms and responded," his thoughts and feelings were not only incomprehensible to most Chinese at the time, but also found it difficult to gain widespread response among students studying in Japan. The foreign novels he translated could only sell a few dozen copies, and the literary magazine he organized was not published due to lack of funds. The financial difficulties forced Lu Xun to return to China to seek employment. In 1909, he returned from Japan and worked as a teacher in Hangzhou Zhejiang Normal School (now Hangzhou Senior High School) and Shaoxing Prefecture Middle School. This period was a period of extremely depressed thought for Lu Xun. The Revolution of 1911 in 1911 also made him feel temporarily inspired, but then came the continuous stage of historical travesties such as Yuan Shikai's proclaiming himself emperor and Zhang Xun's restoration. The Revolution of 1911 did not change the reality of China's stagnation and the fact that it was bullied by Western imperialism. historical destiny. The chaos of society, the disaster of the nation, and the misfortune of his personal marital life all made Lu Xun feel depressed and depressed. At this time, life is like a cup of bitter wine, which is drunk in the stomach and bitter in the heart. You want to spit it out, but you cannot bear it. But precisely because of this, when the May 4th New Culture Movement occurred, his long-repressed thoughts and feelings violently erupted like lava through literary works. At that time, he was already working in the Ministry of Education and moved to Beijing with the Ministry of Education.