wei yingwu
The boat ahead was paralyzed,
Who do you want to treat?
Autumn mountain rises at dusk,
Chu Yu Lian Hai.
Storms are full of thoughts,
Sue's face changed.
Alone in the southeast,
Where is Guangling?
Open the books of Wei Suzhou, and bells can be heard everywhere. The poet's love for bells is obviously to create a special artistic atmosphere. Perhaps, the ringing of the bell can obtain a long and endless musical effect and infinite deep charm, which can give this poem a desolate and lonely emotional color. It is precisely because of the sound of dusk that this poem is full of ethereal homesickness.
Poetically speaking, this poem should be written in Huaiyin. The poet left Guangling (now Yangzhou) in autumn, went north along the canal and was about to cross the Huaihe River to the west. His relatives and friends were still in Guangling. When we arrived at the ferry, it was late and there was no ferry. We couldn't seem to go any further that day. He wandered alone by the river, and it was raining. As far as he can see, the rain curtain extends to the sea. The evening breeze is biting, and the Huaihe River is undulating. The poet's thoughts also churn like waves. So I wrote what I saw, heard and felt here and now in this poem.
The poet went north alone and had deep feelings for relatives and friends in Guangling. But this feeling is very subtle. What we feel from the poem, the poet didn't say it directly, but absorbed the scene in front of us, forming a melancholy atmosphere and setting off a persistent emotion.
The first couplet of the poem depicts the empty Huaihe River in the dusk, and the poet's hesitant modality gives people a feeling of emptiness and loneliness. Next, the vast chutian hung a rain curtain, and the distant mountain temple heard a long twilight bell, making loneliness miserable and the feeling of wandering deeper. With such rich and full emotional savings, in May or June, I gently said the word "leaving my thoughts", like a corner of a curtain blown by hentai, revealing the poet's haggard face and lonely heart. It stands to reason that the poem written here should directly express the feeling of leaving my thoughts, but it is not. The poet is still hiding behind the curtain. He just added a lone bird flying on the misty rain curtain. This bird, judging from the word "independence", is out of the group; Judging from the word "Xia", it is homing; Judging from the word "southeast", it is flying to Guangling. As a wandering bird, can you see things but not people? As a homing bird, can you sigh for the poet that "heartbroken people are at the end of the world" without thinking that it still has a warm nest? As a bird flying in the direction of Guangling, can you not feel the poet's heart flying with it? Moreover, the closer the bird returns to the southeast, the closer it is to the nest; People go northwest, as far away as possible. This situation not only embarrassed the poet, but also embarrassed the reader! In this way, we naturally put forward a profound question at the same time as the poet: "Where is Guangling?" This question, with a long whistle, reverberated in various fields, spreading the bitterness of expecting an answer but obviously not getting an answer, writing the helpless sadness of wanting to see my loved ones again, but ultimately not seeing them. At this time, the bell of dusk, constantly, deeper and louder, reached the ears and knocked on the heart; Mist and rain cover the earth more thickly and sadly, and cover my heart. As a result, the sky is getting darker and the mood is getting darker. This poem is about feelings of parting, all set off by scenery and rendered by atmosphere. The scenery in the poem is bleak, the colors are dim and the bells are distant. The poet hid the parting behind the veil, which was out of reach and delicious. This kind of feeling not only flashes from one thing, but permeates the whole poem, which is ubiquitous and has no sense of reality, which makes the poem have far-reaching artistic conception and profound charm.
A poem for a Taoist priest
wei yingwu
My office is getting cold today,
I suddenly remembered my mountain friend.
Collecting firewood in the valley,
Or cook Grand White Rock and make potatoes in his hut.
I wish I could give him a glass of wine,
Cheer for him in the storm at night.
But among the fallen leaves piled up on the bare hillside,
How can I find his footprints! ?
This poem has always been called a masterpiece of Wei's poetry. Some people say it's a masterpiece, while others say it's a brush (see Gao Mai's Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties), which is highly appraised.
The title is a poem written for Chuanjiao Mountain, a Taoist hermit. Since it is a "post", it will naturally reveal the feelings of cherishing the memory of Taoist priests in the mountains. But remember that it is only one layer, and there is a deeper layer to be savored.
The key to poetry lies in the word "cold". This is the word "cold" revealed in the whole poem. The first sentence is not only about the cold climate in the county, but also about the poet's inner cold. Because of these two kinds of coldness, the poet suddenly remembered the Taoist priest in the mountain. In this cold climate, the Taoist priests in the mountains went to the bottom of the ravine to collect firewood, and then came back to "boil the white stone". Ge Hong's Biography of Immortals said that there was a Mr. Baishi who "tasted boiled white stone for food, because white stone lived in the mountains." Taoist practice, on the other hand, should be timely. Knowing this, it is very clear who "Shanke" is. The Taoist priest is practicing hard in the mountains, and the poet misses his old friend and wants to give him a bottle of wine, so that he can get a little friendship comfort on this autumn night. However, on second thought, they are all people who live in every mountain and stop water when they meet water. Today, they may settle next to this rock, and tomorrow, they may move to another cave to settle down. In addition, autumn is coming, and the mountains are full of fallen leaves, so it is not easy to find the way. Their footprints are naturally covered with fallen leaves. So, where can we find these floating clouds and rootless people?
Although the poem is written faintly all the way, it makes people feel the emotional changes of the poet. At first, I thought of Taoist priests in the mountains because the county was cold, then I thought of sending wine to comfort me, and finally I felt helpless because I couldn't find it. And the loneliness in my heart can't be resolved in the end. Poets describe these complex feelings through the coordination of feelings and images. The words "cold in the county" can show the poet's loneliness in the county. "Concentrate on salary" and "Boiling White Stone" are an image, which contains various activities of Taoist priests in the mountains. "Holding desire" and "comfort from afar" are another expression of feelings. "Empty mountains with fallen leaves" is another phenomenon. It's a deep mountain, with autumn breeze and fallen leaves all over the mountain. These images and emotions are connected in series, which constitutes a profound artistic conception and is very intriguing.
This poem looks like a bleak and distant scene, but what people imagine is plain but affectionate. See the broad in the bleak, see the deep in the plain. This way of using a pen makes people feel "distracted", such as following the water and the road is smooth.
Su Dongpo likes this poem very much. "Xu Yanzhou's Poems" contains: "Wei Suzhou said:' How can I find his footprints when the leaves are all over the bare hillside! ? Dongpo used its rhyme to say:' Send a message to the people in the nunnery, and there is no flying trace in the air.' This is not a talent, and it is not appropriate to sing a swan song. Shi Buhua's poem "On My Servant" also pointed out: "Dongpo deliberately learned a poem from Chuanjiao Mountain, a Taoist hermit, but he didn't like it in the end. Gai Dongpo is hard, Gong Wei is not hard; Dongpo is still interested, Gong Wei is not interested, and it is subtle. "This is the difference between natural and artificial. Wei's poems are integrated with emotion and image, which is the meaning of the so-called "writing". Send cold food to the brothers in the capital.
wei yingwu
There is no fire in the rain, no cold in the air,
The songbirds on the river sit alone and listen.
Treat wine like a flower, brothers,
Ling Du is cold and herbivorous.
Wei is a poet who attaches great importance to brotherhood. Although this poem is only written on the spot, it is deeply affectionate because it comes from the deepest feelings and heartfelt feelings.
As far as composition is concerned, this poem seems straightforward, with a stroke and a dense needle and thread. The first sentence of the poem is written at close range, which actually describes the scenery of cold food among guests; The last sentence is the idea of seeing the cold food scenery of the old country from a distance. This is a collection that echoes from beginning to end and is closely related to poetry. In the middle two sentences, one implies that you are alone in a foreign land, and the other clearly says that you miss your brother, make love up and down, and inherit nature. The words "independence" and "thinking" in the two sentences have played a wonderful role in the whole article. The word "independence" in the second sentence is not only the extension of the word "emptiness" in the previous sentence, but also the foreshadowing of the word "thinking" in the next sentence; The word "thinking" in the third sentence not only comes from the word "independence" in the previous sentence, but also dominates the next sentence, reaching the end of the article, indicating that Du Lingqing's grass thoughts are related to people and things, and are related to brothers. Judging from the whole poem, it is sentence by sentence, secretly connected, flowing in one breath and completely integrated. On the surface, this poem is a landscape, lyrical and unexpected except for the third sentence; Judging from the internal relationship between the four sentences, it is this third sentence that occupies the theme in the whole poem, and the other three sentences occupy the guest position. All the fasting in the rain, the warblers on the river and the green grass in Ling Du are all around the third sentence. Wang Fuzhi said in Preface to the Palace of Eternal Life: "No matter poetry or characters in long sentences, they are all based on meaning." He added: "Poetry and prose have guests. The guest without a host is called Wu He. " The third sentence of this poem, as he said, is "hosting a banquet for guests". With this sentence, the upper and lower sentences are not that there are no subjects and guests in five rivers, but that "all beings are in harmony." In other words, it is precisely because the poet's feelings are profound and true that when he writes, he runs through and integrates the feelings of "missing his brother" into the whole poem, making the four poems compatible with each other and become a harmonious and unified whole.
Of course, although the guest can't be without the owner, the Lord can't be without the guest. The third sentence of this poem depends on the comparison between the first two sentences and the next one. One or two sentences in this poem seem to be nothing more than a true description of the surrounding scenery and immediate events, but it also contains many levels and turns. The scene written in the first sentence, cold food without fire, no smoke in every household, is bleak enough, rainy and empty, coupled with the double cold of climate and mood, filled with environmental atmosphere layer by layer. The second sentence also has multiple meanings. "River" is a layer, "Ruying" is a layer, "sitting and listening" is a layer, and "sitting alone" is another layer. This sentence was originally changed with other words, and the riverside and street warbler changed the bleak scene written in the previous sentence, but because of the use of the word "independence", the meaning of the poem entered a new level. Together, the two sentences have repeatedly set off the feeling of "missing your brother" expressed in the third sentence. As for the last sentence immediately after the third sentence, it is even more wonderful. Putting down the pen and imagining the cold food scenery in my hometown shows the feeling of "missing my brother" and makes people feel more profound.
This poem is ethereal, implicit and meaningful, with a particularly clever sentence pattern. This sentence, in this sentence, is about seeing love in the scenery. In the whole article, it is about feeling in the scenery, and it has received the artistic effect of hiding deep feelings between the lines and seeing the charm outside the text. It is similar to the sentence "The grass turns green again in spring, but ah, my friend's prince, what about you?" "Farewell in the mountains" in Wang Wei's poems all take the meaning of "Wang Sun's wandering son does not return, spring grass grows flowers" in Chu Ci. But this sentence by Wang Wei is clearly written and has a solid meaning. This sentence is darker, which makes it more interesting. It not only reveals the poet's homesickness, but also expresses his nostalgia for his brother and hometown. Here, the double homesickness of man and land is triggered and integrated.
Send a message to Qiuer on autumn night.
wei yingwu
When I walk in the cool autumn night,
Thinking of you, singing my poem.
Pine nuts fell in the mountains,
You seem to be awake, too.
Wei's five-character quatrains are highly praised by poetic theorists. Hu Yinglin said in "Poetry": "Suzhou is the oldest of the five words in the Middle Tang Dynasty, and can follow Wang and Meng." Shen Deqian said in "Talking about Poetry": "Five-character quatrains, the nature of secluded cities, the beauty of Taibai, the dullness of Suzhou, blend into the realm." The poem above is one of his masterpieces. Shi Buhua once praised this poem in "Poems on Servants", saying that it is "quiet without reducing friction, but also hidden in the beauty of the five wonders". It does not pay attention to the use of gorgeous language rendering, but writes calmly and lightly, but the language is shallow and affectionate, and the text is concise and long.
This is a pity poem. The author of the first half is himself, that is, a pregnant person; The second half is about Qiu Dan who studied Taoism in Linping Mountain, that is, the person I was pregnant with. The first sentence "When I walk in the coolness of autumn night" points out that the season is autumn and the time is night, and the scenery of "autumn night" and the feeling of "cherishing the king" just set off each other. The second sentence, "Think of you and sing my poem", inherits nature, ignores it and follows the previous sentence closely. "Walking" echoes "Huai Army"; "Cool weather" corresponds to "autumn night". These two sentences are both realistic, and they describe the scene that the author lingers and meditates on a cool autumn night because he is pregnant with someone. Next, the author does not write according to his own feelings, but describes the scene. Instead, he thought of distant poems. In three or four sentences, he imagined the situation of the person he missed here and now. And these three or four sentences are closely related to one or two sentences. The third sentence "pine nuts falling into the sky" refers to "autumn night" and "cool day", which infer the autumn color of Linping Mountain tonight from the cool autumn night in front of us. The fourth sentence, "You seem to be awake", refers to "Huai Army" and "Traveling", because I am thinking about people in the distance, wandering, and I assume that the other party should be awake. Out of imagination, these two sentences not only come from the first two sentences, but also deepen the poetry of the first two sentences. From the perspective of the whole poem, the author uses the combination of realism and fiction to juxtapose the foreground of the eyes and the middle scene of the soul at the same time, to connect the person who is pregnant with him with the person who is pregnant with him, and then to express the deep affection of lovesickness in different places.
Lu Ji pointed out in Wen Fu that the author can "look at the past and present in an instant and caress the whole world in an instant" when conceiving. Liu Xie also said in "Four Articles of Literary Mind Carving Shenlong": "The thinking of literary ambition is also far-reaching. Therefore, I am silent and worried, thinking about the Millennium; Quietly, see Wan Li. " These words show that Si Wen is the most active, not limited by time and space. Therefore, in the poet's pen, in the same space, different times can be presented; At the same time, it can also present different spaces. This poem uses the artistic technique of combining the virtual and the real, so that readers can see two spaces in a poem, not only pregnant people, but also pregnant people, the scenery around the author and the scenery that the author thinks is far away, thus connecting people thousands of miles apart with the scenery side by side, indicating that if they meet thousands of miles away, the old friend is far away, but the lovesickness is close at hand. In this way, the stronger the feelings, the deeper the meaning.
Give Cao Li a sunset rain.
wei yingwu
Is it raining all the way to Chu? ,
The bell in the evening came to us from Nanjing.
Your wet sail is dragging and unwilling to leave,
Birds in the shadows fly slowly.
We can't see the deep sea gate,
Only the branches of Pukou have just dropped.
Similarly, because of our great love,
We have water lines on our faces.
This is a farewell poem. Cao Li, like Li Zhou and Li Wei, is very difficult to take the exam now. Judging from this poem, the friendship between them must be very deep. "Chu River" and "Jianye" in the poem are farewell places. The Yangtze River extends from the Three Gorges to the mouth of ruxu (in present-day Anhui Province). It belonged to the State of Chu in ancient times, so it was called Chuhe. Jianye, formerly known as Moling, was renamed Jianye when Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu, moved the capital here in the Three Kingdoms. The ancient city is in the south of Nanjing today.
The whole poem is closely related to the words "falling clouds and rain" and "sending". The first couplet "raining all the way to Chu? The late bell comes to us from Nanjing "begins with the word" rain "and ends with the word" dusk "and goes straight to the word" yellow rain "in the poem title. "Dusk", that is, in the evening, at that time, Buddhist temples used bells and drums to tell the time in the morning and evening, so-called "twilight drums and morning bells". The "rain" on the Chu River shows that the poet stood by the river and implicitly cut the word "send" in the title. The word "Li" in Xiao Yu not only depicts the lingering appearance of rain, but also depicts a dreary scene shrouded in drizzle. These two sentences, with a few strokes, outline the image of the poet bidding farewell to the river, and at the same time, put a gray background on the appearance of the second and third pictures. "Your wet sails are dragging and you don't want to leave, and the birds in the shadows are flying slowly. We can't see the deep ocean gate, only the branches of Pukou, new drops. " These four sentences continue to write the scenery on the river.
The rain wet the sails, and the sails were wet and heavy; When a bird falls into the rain, its wings will flap slowly. Although it is a landscape, the words "late" and "heavy" have profound meanings. The following "deep" and "far" deliberately render a blurred and hazy scenery. Four poems constitute an emotional picture. Everything is shrouded in misty rain and dusk, and everything is infected with feelings of parting.
The setting of scenery is always based on emotion. As the saying goes, "Emotion makes the scenery sad, while emotion makes the scenery happy" (Wu Qiao's Poems on the Furnace). Poets always choose scenes that have a unique feeling for themselves to enter poetry. In this poem, twilight and misty rain are of course rendered by the poet to match his heavy mood. Even the scenery used to set off the sunset rain reflects the poet's ingenuity and leads the poet's feelings. Haimen is the mouth of the Yangtze River. Nanjing Linjiang is not near the sea, which is far from Haimen. Haimen "never seen" is self-evident. Why use this as a poem? This is not a real reference, but it is a hint that Cao Li is going east. As far as visual range is concerned, it refers to the river far to the east, where there seems to be a solitary boat drifting, so the poet is far-sighted and fascinated. However, when people go sailing, the twilight is boundless and they are gone; But seeing the trees on the river bank, shrouded in rain, there is no lack of emptiness. There is no doubt that both Haimen and Pu Shu are pregnant with poets' melancholy feelings, and they have no intention of writing sails instead of leaving the boat. Li Bai's famous phrase "Sail alone, the sky is exhausted" was written from the sail, describing the process of pedestrians leaving and expressing the poet's attachment. This poem only writes about the pounce, suggesting that the ship has disappeared from sight, but the poet still stays for a long time. At the same time, the image of the pounce sets off the image of the offender, and the concern for the pounce is also a distant miss for it. The feeling of parting contained in it seems to be more subtle and profound.
Through painting, misty rain, dusk, heavy sails, late birds, Haimen and Pu Shu are rendered, and the poet's feelings are intertwined to form a thick gloomy and depressing atmosphere. The poet is immersed in such a thick atmosphere that it is difficult for him to control himself. Suddenly, the heartbreaking bell came into the eardrum and struck a chord. At this time, the poet could no longer restrain his feelings, and said with tears streaming down his face, "Similarly, because of our great love, there are water lines on our faces." With the accumulation of emotions in Generation, the tail couplet changed its implicit style and expressed its feelings directly. At the same time, a word "Bi" was used at the end of the sentence to blend the tears with the scattered silk thread. "Loose silk", that is, rain silk, Jin Zhangxie's Miscellaneous Poems has the phrase "dense rain is like loose silk". This knot makes love and scenery "wonderfully integrated" and "hidden in its house" (Wang Fuzhi's Jiang Zhai Shi Hua), which not only enhances the image of love, but also further deepens the emotional color of the scenery. Structurally speaking, from the beginning of "light rain", it is tied with "loose silk", which echoes before and after; The whole poem consists of four parts, which run through one vein and are seamless, and pearls are perfectly combined.