This reminds me that our ancestors once engraved a reminder to future generations on the ancient Greek temple, "Know yourself!" " Montaigne, a great French thinker, also said that "the most important thing in the world is to know yourself." The first paragraph of Ernst Cassirer's masterpiece On Man is: "Self-knowledge is the highest goal of philosophical inquiry-it seems universally acknowledged. In all the debates of different philosophical schools, this goal has never changed or wavered: it has proved to be the Archimedes point and the unshakable center of all ideological trends. " Scheler, another German philosopher, wrote a book called Man's Position in the Universe, trying to know himself, the universe and man's position in the universe. The main mission of a national thinker is to urge the nation to know itself correctly. Since modern times in China, thinkers from Liang Qichao and Yan Fu to Lu Xun, Hu Shi and Zhou Zuoren have been urging Chinese people to introspect and reflect on the weakness of national character. Liang Shuming even thought: "Confucius really did not study the profile all his life, but clearly knew himself;" It is a last resort, and it can also be called' self-study'. "As far as the whole human being is concerned, knowing yourself and your position in the universe is actually the ultimate goal of the whole human being's continuous scientific exploration. From Ptolemy's geocentric theory, to Copernicus' Heliocentrism, to Einstein, Hawking and other physicists' modern cosmology, they are essentially exploring what happened to human beings, what happened to the universe, and what position human beings are in the universe. The answer to this ultimate question is related to the construction of many fundamental philosophical theoretical systems such as human world outlook and outlook on life.
Therefore, as a person, the most important thing is not how much knowledge and wealth you have, but to know yourself best. The sooner you know, the deeper the better, because most people never know themselves. Don Quixote died unaware that he was just an ordinary man, not a knight. Ah Q didn't know how he died until he was taken to court. These two artistic images are wonderful "mirrors", which enlighten people to know themselves and realize spiritual consciousness. Ah Q is China-like, which has special enlightenment significance for China people. Lu Xun's portrayal of Ah Q, a spiritual model, and his later description of Ah Jin, a mother and aunt, all fundamentally sum up the lifestyle of China people, aiming at enlightening the Chinese nation he loves to wake up from the dream of spiritual illusion, making people wake up from the hazy and hazy drunkenness, get rid of the "osawa who dominates the city" and dare to face up to life and the material reality they face. This is precisely the most fundamental spiritual enlightenment and philosophical enlightenment.
What is wisdom? Good at sweet words and tricks, right? Absolutely not. In Lu Xun's words, they are just "talented and clever" and "clever and slippery". "Playing tricks is skillful and effective, but it is limited, so there are no people who have achieved great things by it since ancient times." True wisdom is to constantly introspect and understand the outside world with an open mind, and to maintain "self-knowledge" and "knowledge of others" in a timely and accurate manner. Without this "two lights", things would be still.
In fact, under normal circumstances, literature is non-mainstream. A poem given to Cao Xueqin by Duncheng said, "Don't play the diners' cymbals, and don't deduct the rich man. It is better to cool a cup than to write a book in Huangyecun. "Is to persuade tso peace of mind in the non-mainstream, abandon fame and fortune, buried in Huangye Village to write a book. If it weren't for Zuo Gong's "non-mainstream", there would be no Dream of Red Mansions.
I know it's too late. After retiring from the army in the 1960s, I had to admit that I was "politically unwise, militarily brave, and without money in business" in My Scholar's Self-Report and Happiness in Big Books, and I had to bury myself in big books to make a living and be willing to be my own "non-mainstream".
Han Shi is much smarter than me, and he already knows it. 13 years old, engaged in literary creation, published his works in major periodicals all over the country, caused a sensation in the literary world, and won various awards such as Star Poetry Magazine for more than ten times. He has been the executive editor-in-chief of Young Writers and China Century. He has edited and published more than 300 literary anthologies, including China's Centennial Literary Classics, China's Hundred Schools of Contemporary Literature, Selected Essays of Modern Famous Writers, Selected Poems and Songs of Modern Famous Writers, Selected Campus Literature of Contemporary Powerful School, Selected Essays of Famous Writers Most Popular with Middle School Students, etc. He has published more than 400 works in major journals all over the country and has been selected into a variety of authoritative collections. Some of his works have been published in the United States, Canadian, Singaporean, Japanese, Taiwan Province and other countries and regions. 20 10 visited Cambodia as a representative of China literature and was cordially received by Mr. Nie Caiwen, Deputy Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia. His main works are prose collections: Dream Back to the Millennium, Memories of Time Past, Born in 1980s and Polar Region. There is no door in heaven, A Record of Los Angeles and other novels. Now living in Beijing, he is currently the chairman of Qianjuan Media. But he has never been carried away by these remarkable achievements, and has always kept a clear understanding of himself. He was neither confused by the editor-in-chief of a newspaper who thought he was the mainstream, nor moved by his powerful relatives and friends, so as to realize everyone's expectation of the mainstream life he dreamed of, but resolutely "go his own way" and "just be his own" non-mainstream "
Because of this, Han Shicai did not become a "victim of the mainstream". In an environment where no one has ever asked whether the so-called mainstream ideas are right or wrong, he only asked you to "satisfy everyone's unchanging mainstream thinking according to everyone's meaning" and wrote a series of amazing articles with his unique composure and wisdom.
2. "Post-80s" and "Non-post-80s"
Han Shi is called "the least like a post-80s writer".
I like "post-80s" because of his age, born after 1980, young, full of vigor, spirit and vitality. Reading his prose is like seeing a high-spirited young man walking briskly on Chang 'an Avenue at dusk in Beijing. People come and go, in a hurry, at any intersection, the crowd is ready to move. He decided to take a walk on Chang 'an Avenue that day. Of course, he swore!
He not only walked Chang 'an Avenue, but also walked with his literary peers, passing by the lotus pond that Zhu Ziqing walked every day, the hutong that Wang Zengqi walked, and the altar that Shi Tiesheng often came to ... In this gloomy and depressed era, facing China culture, he came again and again. I even met the shopkeeper who sold fake calligraphy and painting. "For the first time, I felt that my face, which had been serious for nearly 20 years, looked innocent." But my heart was beautiful and full of passion for a clear life. ...
Different from the post-80s generation, it is because of his calm thinking, simple and sophisticated language, and a feeling of worrying about the country and the people. Reading "The Rose on Childe's Head" vaguely reminds me of Xiao Hong's "Biography of Hulan River". Little reunion's daughter-in-law died tragically under the evil rule of her ignorant and violent husband reprimanding and "wandering real people" pretending to be haunted, and her fourth aunt was fooled by her father's hanging and "showing the answer by god". How many years later, what I saw was "a woman in her thirties was chained". The author "The scab on the young mind will be torn apart" ...
Xiao Hong said that she was referring to the ignorance of the whole human race. Han Shi also revealed the dark side of his hometown's isolation and ignorance. It is this kind of suffering that makes him mature earlier than his peers like Xiao Hong. From the age point of view, it is "post-80 s", and from the depth of the work, it is "non-post-80 s"
3. Natural and unnatural
Yuan Haowen has a poem saying: "A word is natural and eternal." Han Shi's language is natural and simple, like a pool of clear water, which can be seen at a glance; Like a fresh and delicate rose, "more and more delicate, it will drip down, emitting a refreshing fragrance." For example—
The sky also has a pair of eyes, whether people are looking at the sky or the sky is looking at people.
Many beautiful things in nature can only be imagined at night.
Late that night, I turned off the light, too.
Night, deep.
The wind is very tight.
The vernacular, like clear water and a gurgling stream, runs through the whole book "Scholar Taste".
But if you look closely, you will find that Han Shi is by no means a man who talks nonsense. His words have been painstakingly scrutinized and tempered. For example—
On the last day of winter, time flies from my palm like a moth, which makes me feel the fear of life.
The level of literary language depends largely on whether a writer is good at using metaphors. In an article or a book, the cleverness and quantity of metaphors often reflect the author's talent and skills.
Among the modern writers in China, Lu Xun and Qian Zhongshu are undoubtedly great people who are good at using metaphors. Their metaphor seems to come from the mouth, but it gives people an image and a deep impression. Han Shi is also good at using metaphors. It is unique, concise and dignified to compare "time" to "moth emerging from cocoon".
Han Shi is also good at refining words, such as-
I came all the way from Beijing. ...
How many meanings does a word "gone with the wind" contain? How much meaning is hidden? We can imagine the author's hardships and struggles, optimism and chic from his hometown and Beijing.
..... filled with a KuQiang, people say she is a fourth aunt.
How much sadness has a word "sheng" created? How wronged? We can feel the pain and struggle, despair and sadness brought by human ignorance to our peers.
Outside is a snowflake, covering the sky, only tears falling from the clouds.
It is not only a unique metaphor, but also a wonderful word refinement. "Snow" is compared to "tears", but what falls is actually "clouds". What a wonderful imagination!
Wang Anshi's poem said: "It seems the most bizarre and stubborn, but in fact it is easy and difficult." The highest realm of literature is nature. Han Shi's writing seems to be unfocused, unpretentious and laid-back, and the simple atmosphere makes the author and readers feel relaxed, natural and effortless. In fact, I don't know how many skills and hardships are involved. In the history of China literature, Tao Yuanming's poems and Liu Zongyuan's prose were generally managed in a bleak way, and then reached a seemingly simple but meaningful realm. Compared with the angular, exhausted and unobstructed works, each has its own advantages. As Han Shi said in A Playful Pen Name, "A master never carves". In a poem by Yuan Haowen, it is "luxury to the end, it is true". Authors with general artistic accomplishment and inexperience,
It is not easy to understand the joys and sorrows.
This may also be an important reason why Han Shi is born after 80s, not after 80s.
4. Naive rather than simple
Childishness is a kind of temperament shown by mature writers. In fact, it is to ask the screenwriter to hold a love. Love yourself, love your family, love life, love nature, love everything worthy of love, let everything be beautiful in his eyes, let him get rid of the shackles of the secular, dispel the secular vision, easily find his own life and do what he wants happily. Therefore, writers and artists with childlike innocence can often produce whimsy that ordinary people can't reach. Their works are unconventional and unique, with surprising imagination, convincing expressive force and overwhelming cognitive power.
Scholar taste, full of childlike innocence. Let readers feel the writer's love for life: "Sometimes it is like an endless literature, such as poetry, prose, novels, prose, and that famous book that has been hidden for many years. Maybe once I forgot the name of the protagonist in the book, but I often talk about its content. " He likes the old bookstall on the long street in his hometown. "I bought the preface to selected works and a book explaining Chinese characters here. A total of * * * 30 cents, thick, in my palm, beautiful in my heart. " He loves Guilin, where the scenery is the best in the world, and wrote Beauty in Your Eyes. He loved Gu Si, who was later driven into a crazy woman, and watched her "come back with her schoolbag, braid her hair and tie flowers, and fiddle with a rose with her left hand.". The whole night, Gu Si always smiled strangely and didn't say a word. The more I showed this childlike love to my fourth aunt, the more I sympathized with her fate. In "Eternal Love", Han Shi said such a philosophical sentence: "In the long river of mankind, lovers, brothers, friends, teachers, students ... those days that have been baptized by wind and rain together, those days that have cried and laughed together, tend to last forever. Suddenly looking back, another gecko with food in its mouth was climbing over someone's windowsill. Please be careful not to disturb their dreams. "
Even those who sympathize with geckos are not full of innocence.
However, Han Shi is not naive. Facing the harsh reality, he had to change his credulous weakness. In Right and Wrong, a girl of about eight or nine years old stands in front of him "like a compass". "She was dressed in rags and was very untidy. Her hair was tied with two hemp ropes, and her eyebrows were wrinkled like old people by the ruthless sun. Her eyes are deep, but they are wide and round, and the whole place looks like a silly chicken. " The girl complained to him and knelt down to beg. She said she was an orphan. When she was one year old, her father died of illness, and her mother didn't want her, so she was left under a big tree by the roadside. Fortunately, a woman picked her up and lived to this day. Unexpectedly, something unexpected happened. Last year, this woman died, so she had to live with her ex-husband, who was also very ill. At this time, she was moaning in bed and left her and her son. The author is distressed and can only do so. Two months later, when he received more than 4,000 yuan, put it in a red box and found the girl to give it to her according to the address, the girl's father sat on the bed and said little. "There was an imperceptible smile on his mouth." What happened afterwards? That girl doesn't even know him. "Show two rows of yellow and sharp teeth and ask in the usual tone,' Sir, do you play cards?' "
The author's "heart is cold" and "get out of this wrong place." In the distance, the dog caught up again ... "
Why doesn't this reality make people "cool"?
However, this is the reality! There is something worse than this!
This reminds me of Rou Shi, a young writer whom Lu Xun trusted, regretted and missed most. In Forgotten Memories, he described it this way: "He believes that people are kind. I sometimes talk about how people cheat, how to sell friends and how to suck blood. His forehead sparkled and his nearsighted eyes opened in disbelief. He protested, "Will this happen? -Not this? ..... "So that he was put in prison and put on shackles, and thought it was" a record that political prisoners never wore shackles ". Rou Shi and his comrades-in-arms were finally killed inexplicably and became the five martyrs of the "Left Alliance". I didn't know that I was killed by someone inside the enemy camp with an enemy knife until I died. Lu Xun lamented that he "lost a good friend and China lost a good youth", but between the lines he lamented Rou Shi's naivety. Lu Xun not only passed on childlike love to young people, but also warned people not to be too naive with his rich and bumpy experience! Lu Xun's profundity and experience are what young people should learn most. No wonder Mr. Lu Xun said in his letter to Wang on April 5, 1936: "My article is really hard to understand for people who have no experience, and most scholars in China don't pay attention to the world, so it is really unimaginable. "
Han Shi grew up in Qidong, Hunan Province, honed on the hard mountain road, and came to Beijing from the countryside, experiencing human joys and sorrows. He is not a flower in a greenhouse, but a golden pine that grows hard in a crack in the rock. Through his own personal experience, he is also telling his friends: the world is complicated, so we should not be credulous and naive! I think this is also the value of Han Shi's prose. Of course, to be naive, it is not enough to understand only from books and truth. Since I have reached the age of seven, I have been frustrated many times, and I have read Lu Xun's books many times. I am still credulous and always naive. As a result, I was always cheated, often suffered big losses, and even the dumb ate coptis chinensis, which made me very painful. As a friend sadly pointed out: you let others sell it, and you still don't know how to count money for others! What a fool! But I'm afraid it's not just a question of IQ. Intellectually, I understand some people and things, but I still can't make up my mind to break up the relationship. Finally, I have to admit my incompetence, which boils down to "my heart is too soft!" Singing by a Hong Kong singer. You know, a leopard cannot change his spots. The charitable and honest character inherited from parents can't be changed, and they can only stay away from some young people and stop interacting with each other. However, it is different for Han Shi. I fell in love with him as soon as I saw him, and I was completely wary. Because he is so smart, wise, childlike and kind, there is no need to defend himself.
Zhang Zai, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, said in Mingxi that "being poor is equal to success." "Ganyi" said: "Heaven is healthy, and gentlemen are constantly striving for self-improvement." Mencius Gao Zi Xia Yue said: "If God wants to belittle a great man, he must first suffer his mind, work his bones and muscles, starve his body and skin, and get what he can't do." This was given to me by Mr. Lin Fei in the preface of A General History of Lu Xun Studies in China. I hope I can "work hard and never slack off". I want to give this famous saying to Han Shi, who, like me, was tempered by hardships, so as soon as we met, it became "However, I felt the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn".
Naive, not naive. Because of this, Han Shi's innocence is particularly rare!
5. The hope of literature is in paradox.
Many people think that the hope of China literature lies in young writers like Han Shi. I dare not make any assertion, but I insist that the hope of literature lies in paradox.
Aren't Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, the advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and the "decline of eight generations of literature", also in a paradox?
Han Yu is a legend. He is three years old and lonely. He was brought up by his brother and sister-in-law. Holding Yu's hand, he was full of knowledge, fame and fortune, and went through hardships to enter the Jinshi. After entering the official career, he suffered from honest and frank personality and outspoken. He was demoted to Yangshan, then to doctor, and then to Chaozhou. He was devastated, but he was able to share the honor and disgrace. Be an official in politics, do your best to benefit the people; Write for the sake of writing, flow jade and fly beads, and become a generation of masters.
Liu Zongyuan was born in an official family, with little talent and high aspirations. But he was a scholar in his early years, and his writing was mainly rhetoric. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), he was a scholar, and in the fourteenth year, he entered the learned poetry class and was awarded the orthography of Jixian Hall. He was a lieutenant in Lantian, then became an official in the DPRK, actively participated in the political reform of Wang Group, and was transferred to Danielle as foreign minister. Yong Zhenyuan (805) in September, the innovation failed, and Shaozhou was demoted as a secretariat. In November, he was demoted to Sima in Yongzhou (now Lingling, Hunan). In the tenth year of Yuanhe (8 15), he returned to the capital in the spring and served as the secretariat of Liuzhou (now Guangxi), with outstanding achievements and rich writings. 14 years 1 1 month. During his demotion, southerners demanded him to study and work.
The similarity between Han and Liu lies in that they both experienced the twists and turns of their official careers, were at the bottom of their lives, and were both periods of brilliant literary achievements. In addition, they have profound attainments in classical literature, but they advocate innovation and are in the paradox of new and old. Because of this, it is possible for them to "decline after eight generations" and become the leaders of the ancient prose movement.
Similarly, in the transformation of China literature from tradition to modernity, the two "weeks" of Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren are just in the paradox of new and old. Like Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, he had a bumpy life experience, and the teenager lost his father. Their ancestors were all sentenced to death by the emperor. The family quickly went from a well-off society to decline and suffered humiliation, thus seeing the true face of the world clearly. In this way, the two brothers studied literary classics hard instead, laying a solid foundation for China's ancient literature. For example, Lu Xun said in Gai Hua Collection, Ancient Books and Vernacular Continuation: "It is true that people who have read ancient books are the most powerful. Because he knows the disadvantages, he can' attack the shield with the spear of the child'. " He has a deep foundation in traditional old literature, can understand its shortcomings and inherit its advantages and disadvantages; Warmly welcome new literature, carry forward its novelty and avoid its immaturity; Therefore, he became the main leader of the modern new literature movement in China. People who cling to old literature are out of date, and the wave of new literature movement, which lacks the foundation of traditional literature, is short-lived and fleeting. Only those who are in paradox can hold up the hope of new literature.
This is simply the inevitable law of the development of literary history.
Han Shi fell into a paradox. Mainstream and non-mainstream, "post-80s" and "non-post-80s", natural and unnatural, childish but not naive, are precisely the essence of this paradox. Shi Kuang said, "Learning less is like sunrise." Han Shi liked reading and studying when he was a teenager. He is full of vigor and vitality, like sunrise, and gets along well with young people of his peers; He respected the elderly, and became bosom friends with older writers and scholars such as Lin Fei, Yan Yi and Ying Shi. Mr. Lin Fei and I moved me most. The handsome and optimistic Mr. Lin Fei was vividly written by him, amiable and respectable. He is proficient in modern literature, and his "joking pen name" shows that he knows all about modern writers and works in China. He is addicted to classical literature, and "I love Song Ci all my life" fully proves his intoxication and familiarity with traditional literature. It can be said that "hair is thicker than simple and ancient, and indifferent to taste." From the banner he gave me, I saw that Han Shi's calligraphy was vigorous and sophisticated, which seemed to be written by an old calligrapher, not by a young man. I was obsessed with thinking and didn't pay attention to practicing calligraphy since I was a child, which made me feel ashamed. Han Shi is learning and growing in the paradox of old and new, old and green, elegant and vulgar, fine and coarse, which will inevitably create new hopes!