What is the main content or central idea of Gorky's Haiyan? Please, everybody, come on.

Haiyan is a famous prose poem and Gorky's early masterpiece. Written in 190 1, it was the darkest time on the eve of the Russian revolution. The rising of Russian workers' movement has shaken the foundation of czar's rule. Gorky, who came from the bottom of society and knew the sufferings of the people at the bottom, touched the pulse of the new era, shaped the artistic image of Haiyan with keen artistic perception, cheered for the coming revolutionary storm, sang an ode full of fighting passion for the proletariat, and expressed his strong and fearless revolutionary idealism, which is commendable. Haiyan has profound political significance and symbolic connotation. Through several scenes before the storm, the work depicts the image of Haiyan, a pioneer of proletarian revolution, which symbolizes great wisdom and courage. "On the vast sea surface, the wind gathers dark clouds." When the storm was brewing, Haiyan had already been unable to hold back her desire and joy for the storm, impacting between clouds and waves and bravely shouting. Other seabirds-seagulls, sea ducks and penguins-regard the storm as a disaster and are terrified, while Haiyan is eagerly welcoming new life; When the storm comes and the dark clouds are on top, Haiyan is still like a "black lightning", an arrow that leaves the string, dancing in the wind and thunder, laughing and howling, like a "spirit in the storm"; When thunder and lightning, mountains calling for tsunami and storms are about to break out, Haiyan, as the "prophet" of victory, finally issued a cry-"Let the storm come more violently!" This is the declaration of the war of the times, which indicates the coming of the revolutionary storm, inspires people to take active actions to meet the great battle, shows the strong and fearless revolutionary idealism spirit, is full of lofty sentiments and stirs people's hearts. Haiyan embodies the typical characteristics of revolutionary romanticism in Gorky's early works. With the magnificent nature as the background, the whole poem tries its best to render the tense atmosphere of stormy waves, thunder and lightning, roaring winds and magnificent waves, writes strong and vivid colors like oil paintings, shapes the artistic image like "proud, black storm spirit", and is full of strong emotions and ironic style. All of these have distinctive revolutionary romanticism features, and on the whole, they have created a strong atmosphere of heroism and idealism. It reflects Gorky's early aesthetic proposition-he said in a letter to Chekhov: "Indeed, the era of heroism has arrived. Hope is not like life, but higher than life, better than life. In writing skills, Haiyan's most prominent feature is the use of symbolism. The "sea" symbolizes the overwhelming power of the people at the height of the revolution, while the "dark clouds" and "strong winds" symbolize counter-revolutionary forces and dark social environment. Symbolism makes the thought more vivid and emotional, and expands the ideological connotation and aesthetic space of the work. As Gorky said, "You can say what you want to say conveniently and concisely in the form of symbols" and "You can inject a lot of thoughts into symbols". The work also uses a variety of rhetorical devices, such as contrast, repetition, contrast, metaphor, personification and so on. It further enhances the artistic expression and three-dimensional sense of the image: instead of shaping the image of "Haiyan" on a plane, they simultaneously depict "seagulls" full of fear of storms, "sea ducks" frightened by "thunder and lightning" and "penguins" hiding under cliffs, symbolizing all kinds of timidity. It is in the sharp contrast of two completely different attitudes towards the storm that the image of Haiyan, which is brave, selfless, optimistic, firm and excellent, stands out. Writing "wind", "thunder", "cloud" and "electricity" is also to set off Haiyan's vigorous and brave fighting posture and optimistic and fearless revolutionary pride. Gorky used the contrast and contrast of images to suppress evil, promote good, lash evil and ugliness, praise good, and created the artistic image of "Haiyan" full of strength and beauty, which profoundly reflected the characteristics of the times, thus sounding the loud horn of the times, awakening the people and inspiring them to bravely join the liberation struggle. As far as overall aesthetics is concerned, Haiyan is not only a colorful lyric poem, but also an oil painting with musical rhythm and fluidity. It combines the characteristics of poetry and prose, and shows the beauty of music and painting of poetry. The style of writing is rough and bold, magnificent, colorful and emotional, which gives people a strong artistic appeal. Second, the problem study 1. What are the structural features of this article? The whole article advances layer by layer in the content structure, echoing before and after, forming an organic unity. Based on the approaching storm, it can be divided into three scenes according to the development and change of sea conditions. Haiyan is also arranged to be portrayed in three scenes of the storm: future, approaching and imminent. Haiyan's character gradually became clear with the development of the plot, and Haiyan's image gradually improved with the approaching of the storm. The first picture (from the beginning to "flying on the frothy sea"): It is written that the storm is coming, Haiyan "flies proudly" and "longs" for the arrival of the storm with optimistic passion and confidence in victory. At the beginning, simply write down the precursors of the coming storm and point out the environment where Haiyan is located. Then, it depicts Haiyan from three aspects: shape, sound and color, and uses the accurate metaphor of "black lightning" to outline the vigorous, arrogant and fierce posture of Haiyan. " Flying proudly always writes about Haiyan's movements and arrogance, and endows Haiyan's movements with modality and charm through anthropomorphic writing. Then the profound meaning of Haiyan's "crying" is expounded from the aspect of "sound"-"full of longing for the storm!" "Dark clouds hear joy", "Dark clouds hear the power of anger, the flame of enthusiasm and the confidence of victory", and the parallelism sentence renders Haiyan full of energy and high morale. In this picture, in sharp contrast to Haiyan are other seabirds. The arrival of the storm made them panic. The "seagull" full of fear of the storm, the "sea duck" frightened by "thunder and lightning" and the "penguin" cowering under the cliff bank symbolize all kinds of wise revolutionaries who were afraid of revolution in the real environment at that time. The article captures their voices, movements and modality, describes their frightened ugliness, and sets off the extraordinary courage and powerful image of Haiyan. The second picture (from "the dark clouds are getting darker and darker" to "yes, they can't be covered"): Haiyan blows the wind and waves when the storm comes, and welcomes the storm with confidence to win. In this scene, the fierce struggle between the waves and the sky is first described. The image of "dark clouds" and "strong winds" symbolizes the social environment and political situation of "dark clouds over the city", and the sea symbolizes the strength of the broad masses of the people. The struggle between violent winds and waves reflects the fierce struggle between revolution and counter-revolution, and shows the madness of counter-revolutionary forces and the fighting spirit of the people taking the initiative to fight. In such a tense and intense background, the author once again focuses on the description of Haiyan, which is a step further than the above. From shouting to laughing and howling, from flying to flying, from rushing to passing, from touching to grabbing, Haiyan is swift, cheerful, heroic and brave. It also reveals the spiritual source of its belief in winning: "It has long heard that it is sleepy from the anger of thunder, and it is convinced that dark clouds can't cover the sun-yes, they can't! "Its courage comes from its high vision and keen insight into the future of the proletarian revolution. The third picture (from "The Whistling Wind" to the end of the article): While in storm warning, Haiyan enthusiastically called for the storm with the attitude of a victorious prophet. This scene still describes the atmosphere, the wind whistling, the thunder and lightning, the dark clouds rolling, and the atmosphere is rendered more intense. The sea and lightning fought to the death, symbolizing the further intensification of the revolutionary struggle. The struggle ended in the victory of the sea, which once again showed the majestic momentum and strength of the sea, indicating that the reactionary forces of the tsar would be buried in the sea of Wang Yang in the people's revolution. In the fierce fighting environment, the author wrote about Haiyan for the third time, but no longer used pen and ink to describe Haiyan's posture. From the first painting to the second, he wrote its "crying" and "laughing". Here, he directly wrote its two loud cries in anthropomorphic way, pointing out the essential characteristics of Haiyan's "prophet". The atmosphere of the work reached its climax after layers of rendering, and finally shaped the image of Haiyan. 2. At the end of the article, why did Haiyan cry "Let the storm come more violently" like a "prophet of victory"? Why is Haiyan full of longing for the storm? " ── the storm! A storm is coming! "── let the storm come more violent! "What kind of thoughts and feelings did the author express in two loud shouts? This is a likely problem when students read through the full text. The "storm" symbolizes the explosive revolutionary situation on the eve of the Russian revolution in 1905, a proletarian revolution brewing to overthrow the czar's dictatorship. This revolutionary storm has the power to destroy everything, and it is an opportunity to remove all obstacles and regenerate the nation. Therefore, "Haiyan" and the oppressed people are full of yearning for the revolution, "-storm! A storm is coming! " Repeated rhetorical devices have strengthened Haiyan's extreme excitement and joy as an emissary, which indicates that the rule of the dark czar will collapse and a people's revolution is coming, showing the proletarian revolutionaries' high wisdom and keen foresight of the times and historical upheaval. "-let the storm come more violently!" The form of imperative sentences is inspiring, which is a revolutionary declaration of fighting, expressing self-confidence and heroic fighting feelings and a high degree of revolutionary optimism. This is also a revolutionary call from people's minds, calling on people to take action to meet a great "revolutionary storm." These two sentences are vivid portrayal and high generalization of the spirit of the times. 3. What are the characteristics of the use of symbolism in Haiyan? The use of symbolism is the most important writing feature of Haiyan. It is a difficult point in text teaching to guide students to understand symbols and understand the role of symbols in expression and performance. Symbol is an important expression method in literary creation. In short, symbol is to express some abstract concepts, thoughts and emotions (symbolic noumenon) by means of the image (symbolic body) of specific things according to some connection between things. Generally speaking, in order to say B, because A and B are related, only A is said, not B, but readers can understand B themselves through images, and understand the abstract symbolic meaning. This is the so-called "giving things meaning". Symbols can euphemistically, tortuous and implicitly express thoughts and feelings that are not easy or convenient to say directly, turn "abstract" into "concrete", make thoughts more vivid and sensible, and greatly enhance the artistic expression and appeal of works. Symbolic expressions are mostly embodied in a paragraph or an article, or focus on the idea of the full text. To accurately understand the symbolic meaning of the article, we must understand the writing background of the article and the author's thoughts and feelings at that time, and deeply analyze the scene described in the article and the author's artistic conception. In teaching, we should pay attention to guiding students to understand the symbolic meaning of various symbols in the text as a whole and their relationship, which is the key to understand the profound meaning of the works. Generally speaking, "Haiyan" symbolizes the fearless proletarian revolutionary pioneer; "Storm" symbolizes1the explosive revolutionary situation on the eve of the Russian revolution in 905, a proletarian revolution brewing to overthrow the czar's dictatorship; "Sea" symbolizes the strength of the broad masses of the people. Image group, a flock of seagulls, sea ducks and penguins, symbolizes all kinds of fake revolutionaries and non-revolutionaries who are afraid that the revolution will destroy their comfort zones. It is in sharp contrast with Haiyan's proud flying and cheerful cries that the grotesque ugliness of seagulls moaning, flying, fear, hiding, sea ducks moaning, frightened and penguins hiding is written to highlight Haiyan's heroic, strong, optimistic and confident image. The author mercilessly attacked them. Image group, a group of "dark clouds", "lightning", "thunder" and "gale", symbolizes the dark forces of counter-revolution. The purpose of writing them rampant is to point out the sinister environment in which Haiyan lives. The second part is about the fierce battle scenes of waves and strong winds, which set off Haiyan's fighting posture with a magnificent background. The third part is about wind, clouds, thunder and electricity, but it is just to set off Haiyan's heroic and exciting call to battle. In addition, the paper wrote twice that the sea was fighting with wind, clouds, thunder and electricity, reflecting the intensification of revolutionary and counter-revolutionary struggles on the eve of the revolution in 1905; The sea finally defeated the dark clouds and lightning, symbolizing the future of proletarian revolution. 4. How does this article comprehensively use various rhetorical devices? The comprehensive application of various rhetorical devices has greatly enhanced the artistry of Haiyan and made it reach a high artistic level. In teaching, we should pay attention to inspiring students to understand and appreciate the role of rhetorical devices such as metaphor, personification and repetition in expressing emotions. Pick out typical cases and analyze them repeatedly, and encourage students to express their opinions and make sense. Between the dark clouds and the sea, Haiyan flies proudly like black lightning. Metaphor and personification. The metaphor of "black lightning" is accurate and vivid, and few characters show Haiyan's vigorous and brave posture; "Flying proudly" always writes about Haiyan's actions, and "Pride" endows Haiyan with humanity and is an anthropomorphic writing. This sentence highlights Haiyan's brave and aggressive attitude from two aspects: shape and color. (2) The wind tightly holds the layers of waves and hurls them to the cliff, smashing these large pieces of jade into dust and dust. The combination of anthropomorphic verbs such as "hug", "throw" and "bold" endows the stormy person with character and behavior, and writes the arrogance of the wind. The sea caught the arrows of lightning and threw them into its own abyss. The anthropomorphic "grasping" and "extinguishing" highlight the great momentum and strength of the sea. (4) This sensitive spirit ── it has long recognized sleepiness from the thunder, and is convinced that dark clouds can't cover the sun ── yes, they can't! Metaphor, personification and repetition. The metaphor and personification of "sensitive spirit" and "from the anger of thunder, I have been sleepy for a long time" show Haiyan's courage and wisdom, and show the foresight and keen insight of proletarian revolutionaries. "Dark clouds can't cover the sun-yes, they can't!" Repeated use and positive tone express unshakable belief in winning.