Friends who like to read aloud must be very concerned about reading skills. Let’s talk about reading skills.
Read aloud with cadence (high and low pitch) when reading. It helps to understand the article faster, experience the thoughts and feelings of the article, and helps memory.
The level of reading aloud reflects the level of Chinese language ability (sentence making, composition); high-quality reading aloud plays a great role in improving Chinese language proficiency.
1. Basic requirements:
(1) Read correctly and clearly.
Correct - read the pronunciation of the characters correctly, and do not pronounce typos, including not adding words, not missing words, not changing the order of words, etc. For example, the "strong" in "strong" is pronounced qiáng, and the "strong" in "reluctantly" is pronounced qiǎng.
Clear - pronunciation and enunciation are clear and distinct, not vague.
(2) Read coherently and fluently.
Speak at an appropriate speed (generally close to the normal speaking speed), do not sing or read, do not read in pauses, do not drawl, make sure the words are continuous and there are appropriate pauses between sentences. When you first understand the content, read it silently first, and then read it aloud after clearing up new words and difficult sentences. The effect is better.
(3) Read with emotion (feeling) - read different intonations (higher requirements), pause, and read the author's thoughts and feelings.
The expression technique is reflected in having a relatively deep understanding of the meaning and emotion of the article, and mastering the logic of the language (the internal connection between sentences).
(4) Reading varies according to the text - the emotion, attitude, tone and rhythm when reading aloud.
Narrative: clear and touching, specific and meticulous, with a natural tone and strong sense of rhythm.
Expository text: speak at an appropriate speed, with a soothing tone, key explanatory sentences, and clear pronunciation.
Argumentative essay: Grasp the internal logical relationship of the article, integrate concepts, judgments and reasoning, and express it with personal feelings, clear attitude, outspoken and logically powerful audio language.
Poetry: Distinguish between metrical poetry and free verse.
Classical Chinese: Generally smooth, soothing, calm and deep.
Note: Sentence reading - improve your reading level in practice and persevere.
High rising tone
It is often used in questions, rhetorical questions, short command sentences, or sentences expressing anger, tension, warning, or call.
A.
High-pitched tone - speaking quickly. ?
Warm and cheerful atmosphere. ?
Falling tone
B.
Low tone - speaking slowly.
A dull and depressing atmosphere.
It is often used in sentences to describe, explain or express hesitation, thinking, indifference, recollection, mourning, etc. It is straight and soothing.
C.
— Medium tempo?
D. ? Expressing special emotions, such as sarcasm, ridicule, exaggeration, emphasis, pun, special surprise, etc. in sentences .
The intonation goes from high to low and then to high again, and some special syllables in the sentence are emphasized, raised or lengthened, forming a change of rising and falling.
2. Reading skills:
(1) Breathing: Bear abdominal breathing, control breathing freely.
(2) Pronunciation: The key is the use of the voice (voice control and adjustment), do not shout loudly from beginning to end.
(3) Articulation: Clear, overcome the problems of ambiguous pronunciation and unclear articulation, and master the standard pronunciation of words proficiently.
(4) Pause: ① Punctuation mark pause: The pause is the shortest. Sometimes you can pause at places without punctuation due to expressive needs.
② Appropriate natural pauses in long sentences make it easier to understand the meaning of the sentence.
③Emotional pause: a pause that is not restricted by punctuation and is completely based on emotional or psychological needs. It is characterized by discontinuous sound but continuous emotion.
(5) Stress: Emphasis on stress: The position in the sentence is not fixed.
—Stress:? Emotional stress: It expresses strong changes in inner feelings and emotional excitement. (The "training" and "practice" begin in the middle section.)
Rich colors and vivid images, emphasizing the prominent meaning and enhancing appeal.
(6) Speaking speed: Mastering the speaking speed can create the mood and atmosphere of the work and enhance the effect of language expression. Content and genre determine speech speed.
① Master the speaking speed according to the content: adapt to the situation of the work, and deal with it according to the ideological content, storyline, character personality, environmental background, emotional tone, and language characteristics of the work.
② Master the speaking speed according to the genre: (see above)
(7) Intonation: (see ABCE above)
The changes in the rise and fall of the sound in the sentence, Among them, the rising and falling changes at the end are the most important, and are generally closely integrated with the tone of the sentence. If you pay attention to the rise and fall of your intonation when reading aloud, your voice will have a beautiful accent and you can express different thoughts and feelings in more detail.
For example: Spring? Dawn Meng Haoran
Spring sleep...? Unconsciously dawn? (Unconsciously in the morning after a deep dream in spring,)
(calm and comfortable, peaceful Get up, "sleep" is slightly elongated) (Hazy feeling, easy to wake up from sleep, speaking speed slightly faster, slightly raised)
Where? Where? — ? Hearing the cry of birds → ( The lively chirping of birds is everywhere)
? (slightly reduced) ? ("Wen" starts to rise, followed by "Cry"; Yang Ping's "Cry" rises and expands,)
(Birds chirping from the surrounding trees and in the air, cheerful and crisp. It rises higher and is longer and stronger) (Then it descends to the "bird" in the upper tone.)
Come at night - ? Wind↑Rain↓ Sound (remembering the sound of wind and rain at night)
(Memory, slow, "come" is a little longer) ? ("Sound" holds, the voice is still there)< /p>
Flowers fall——? Know——? More→less＿. (Sighing how many flowers are scattered in the courtyard)
(Moderately rises, then "falls" and goes down) ? ("How many" sighs, "little" grows but does not rise.)
(feeling of regret, but also helpless) ("know" flat, implying ignorance)
① Chunxiao: the early morning of spring (spring dawn). Xiao, when daybreak. Capture the typical spring atmosphere and express your love for spring and pity for spring. ②Unconsciously: Unknowingly, not aware of the arrival of morning. ③ Hear the chirping of birds: Hear the chirping of birds.
④ Ye Lai: at night.
Reading skills: are all expression methods used in reading activities. They are necessary means to achieve the purpose of reading. They are used to make the voice clear and loud when reading, in order to enhance the appeal of the voice and convey emotions more appropriately. Some techniques and methods to use to express your ideas.
It mainly includes two parts: one is internal skills; the other is external skills.
1. Internal skills of reading aloud
1. The use of image feelings
Readers must learn to feel various things in the objective world and their development and movement status under the stimulation of the image words in the works, and make emotions, scenery, objects, people, things, etc. The literal symbols of reason beat in my heart. The reader's image experience comes from the perception, understanding and thinking of objective things caused by the inner stimulation of the words and concepts in the work to the reader. It is formed by "feeling from the outside and receiving from the heart". Readers should be good at grasping the words that express the image of things, and "witness the things" through words, as if "seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and reaching out to get them", and "live" in their hearts , forming an “inner vision”. The reader's own experience, experience and knowledge accumulation are important conditions for the formation of "inner vision". Readers must be good at using their memory, association and imagination abilities to enhance the strong appeal of audio language. For example, in the first paragraph of "The Little Match Girl": "The weather is terribly cold, it is snowing, and the dark night is beginning to fall." When reading aloud, you should not just regard them as black and white words, but should see them through these Words that express images produce visual imagination, "seeing" snowflakes and darkness, and thus "feeling" extremely cold. Another example is in "Lychee Honey": "A warm-hearted comrade gave me two bottles. As soon as I uncorked the bottle, there was such a sweet fragrance. After mixing half a cup and drinking it, the sweet fragrance was refreshing, and it was a bit like fresh lychees. "Taste." When reading aloud, you should pay attention to the use of smell and taste imagination. When you read "open the bottle and cork", you should really feel a sweet fragrance coming to your nostrils; "make half a cup and drink", there will be A fragrant feeling on the lips and teeth.
Practice: Withered vines and old trees, dim crows, small bridges and flowing water, people’s homes, west wind and thin horses on the ancient road. The sun sets in the west, and the heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
2. The application of logical feeling
Readers must learn to transform the "textual paths" such as priority, juxtaposition, transition, progression, contrast, and summary in the work into their own ideas in the process of logical feeling, and then Form an inner "speech flow" to enhance the conquering power of audio language. When reading aloud, the concepts, judgments, reasoning, and arguments in the work, as well as the internal connections between the ideological development context, levels, and sentences of the whole text, and the feelings formed in the reader's mind are logical feelings. Logical feelings are mainly reflected in two aspects: the purpose of language must be clear and not specious; the context of language must be clear and not ambiguous. The purpose of language must grasp the true meaning of sentences and chapters and explore the essence. Linguistic context refers to the connection up and down, echoing back and forth, connecting the literary style, and connecting hierarchical sentences. The function words that play the role of "magpie bridge" in the text are an important way to obtain a logical feeling.
Practice:
(1) Parallelism: sitting, lying down, rolling twice, kicking a few balls, racing several times, playing hide and seek.
(2) Contrast: The swallows have gone, but they will come again; the willows have withered, but they will be green again; the peach blossoms have faded, but they will bloom again.
(3) Parallelism: The mountains are moist, the water is rising, and the sun is blushing.
(4) Progressiveness: At first, the little guy only moved around the cage, and then flew around the room.
3. The use of inner language
Without inner language, audio language will lose its luster and life. Readers must learn to use the power of "inner language" in reading aloud to give the language certain thoughts, attitudes and emotional colors. When reading aloud, inner language should be like a huge undercurrent, constantly surging under the reader's audio language, giving vitality to the audio language. The thicker the undercurrent of inner language is, the deeper the reading will be.
Exercise: "How can a human body crawl out of a dog's hole!"
- In the face of the enemy's coercion and inducement, revolutionaries still maintain their unyielding integrity.
4. The use of tone
Voice is controlled by breath, breath is determined by emotion, and the triggering of emotion is restricted by the content and context of the article. Only by learning to integrate emotion, energy, and sound and being able to use them freely can the expressive power of audio language be enhanced. Language is understood literally, "yu" is the "discourse" expressed through sounds, and "qi" is the "breath state" that supports the words expressed through sounds. When reading aloud, the reader's feelings, breath, and voice state are closely related to the expression. What kind of emotion there is, what kind of breath is produced, what kind of breath there is, what kind of sound state is produced.
The general rule of tone use is: when you are happy, your breath will be full and your voice will be loud; if you are sad, your breath will be deep and your voice will be slow; if you love you, your breath will be slow and your voice will be soft; if you hate it, your breath will be full and your voice will be hard; if you are anxious, your breath will be short and your voice will be fast; if you are cold, your breath will be short and your voice will be hard. If you are afraid, your voice will be raised and your voice will be trembling; if you are angry, your voice will be rough and heavy; if you are doubtful, your voice will be thin and sticky; if you are calm, your voice will be relaxed and your voice will be flat. Emotions are ever-changing, and so are the breaths and sounds.
2. External skills of reading aloud
Readers should not only pay attention to the dominant role of internal psychological state, but also give full play to the role of external expression skills. Without the movement of internal thoughts and feelings, it is difficult for skills to have strong vitality; without the most perfect sound form, internal psychological states cannot be expressed, so readers cannot ignore the use of external expression skills.
1. Momentum
Momentum refers to the change in pitch of the voice when reading (or speaking), also known as sentence tone. The rise and fall of sound is determined by pitch. Although the rise and fall of a sentence refers to the entire sentence, the rise and fall of a sentence is often expressed on the last syllable. If the last sentence is a modal particle or a soft-voiced word, it is expressed on the penultimate syllable. There are four types of sentences.
(1) Straight tone (→)
The sentence has a straight and soothing tone, without any significant changes in height or decrease. Sentences for statements and explanations can be expressed in straight tones to express feelings such as solemnity, sorrow, indifference, and heaviness. Such as the following sentence:
Some people are alive, he is dead; some people are dead, he is still alive. →(Zang Kejia's "Some People")
(2) Rising tone ()
The tone of the sentence is first low and then high, and the tone rises obviously at the end of the sentence. Questions and exclamations can use ascending tones to express questions, rhetoric, appeals, surprise and other emotions. Such as the following sentence:
When you walk on the plateau where the snow has just melted and see such a poplar tree or a row of poplar trees standing proudly on the flat land, do you just think that they are just trees? ? (Mao Dun's "Praise to Baiyang")
(3) Falling tone ()
The momentum of the sentence is high first and then low, and the syllable at the end of the sentence is spoken low and short. Declarative sentences can use falling tones to express determination, praise, wishes, entreaties and other emotions. Such as the following sentence:
Why there are always tears in my eyes, because I love this land deeply. (Ai Qing's "I Loved the Land})
(4) Zigzag tone ()
The sentence potential has zigzag changes of low - high - low, or the last one or two Syllables are meandering and drawn out. Questions and statements can use twists and turns to express surprise, doubt, sarcasm, humor and other emotions. Such as: (To be continued)
"——These sea ducks cannot enjoy the joy of fighting life, and the rumbling thunder scares them.
(Golky "Haiyan")
2. Pause
A pause is a break in the flow of speech. When we speak or read aloud, we can finish a short sentence in one breath; when we encounter a long sentence or several sentences , there should be appropriate pauses in the middle. Pauses in language are not only people’s physiological needs for breathing, but also the needs for expression. Common pauses include the following:
(1) Sentence. Comma pauses
The pauses made according to various punctuation marks are called comma pauses. The length of the pause is generally: period, question mark, exclamation mark > semicolon, colon > comma > pause. Dashes and ellipses are more special. , the length of the pause depends on the situation.
(2) Grammatical pauses
A pause that expresses grammatical relationships is called a grammatical pause. Grammatical pauses can make the relationship between various components of a sentence. Clear and clear context. Grammatical pauses are generally short and fast. The main locations of pauses are: between the subject and the predicate, between the verb and the object, between the additional component and the central word, especially between the joint components. When the parts are longer, you should pay more attention to the pauses between them.
(3) Emphasis on pauses
Emphasis on pauses is a special pause in the sentence.
In order to emphasize something, to highlight a certain meaning or a certain emotion, or to strengthen the tone, making appropriate pauses in places that are not grammatical pauses, or changing the pause time based on grammatical pauses, such pauses are called emphatic pauses , also called logical pause or emotional pause.
(4) Structural pauses
Structural pauses are determined by the hierarchical structure of the article, and are pauses made to express the levels, paragraphs, etc. of the article. The length of the pause time should depend on the specific language environment. In general, the length of the pause time is: paragraph > level > sentence.
It must be noted that pauses are only intervals of sound, and the reader's emotions cannot be affected. When some people pause, it makes the audience feel "over". This is incorrect. In fact, pause is still the continuation and extension of thoughts and feelings, not a cessation, nor an interruption. Proper use of pauses will leave room for the audience to think, recollect, and reverie, and achieve the special artistic effect of "silence is better than sound at this time." Correct pauses have a lot to do with breathing. But it doesn’t mean that you have to inhale and breathe every time you pause. This will make you short of breath and emotionally tense. When reading works with a slow tempo, use the "slow inhale and exhale slowly" method to make breathing and pauses match organically without revealing traces of breathing; when reading works with a fast tempo, use the method of "breathe in quickly and exhale quickly" to use breathing to create A kind of momentum makes reading aloud more artistically appealing. In short, you should decide which breathing method to use when pausing based on the content of the article. Pausing and breathing, when used appropriately, will make them complement each other.