Symbol is a commonly used technique in poetry, and its main function is to observe the moral integrity of material evidence. For example, "Mei" symbolizes nobility, beauty, elegance and simplicity; "Chrysanthemum" symbolizes nobleness, Ao Shuang and strong resistance to snow, which is called "flower of seclusion"; "Lan Zhi" symbolizes preciousness, loneliness and loftiness; "Peony" symbolizes wealth; Wait a minute.
Didn't find Lu Hongxian at home.
Jiao ran
He moved his home to the city wall and the country road to Sang Ma's residence.
The chrysanthemum near the fence has not been seen in autumn.
There was no dog barking at the door, so I asked my neighbors in the west.
Report to Dashan and don't return before sunset.
Analysis: Chrysanthemum Hedgehog symbolizes Lu Hung-chien's noble moral integrity.
(2) Take something to express your wishes.
Expressing one's will by holding things is an artistic technique for the author to express his personal thoughts by means of symbolic meaning of things, also called expressing feelings by things. Expressing poetry with things is also called writing poetry with things. For example:
Momei
Wang Mian
The first tree in my family, Xiyan Lake, is full of flowers and light ink marks.
Don't boast about the good color, just let the air be full of dried Kun.
Analysis: This poem uses the technique of expressing one's will by supporting things, and expresses the author's faithful and pure ethics as noble as plum blossom, and does not flatter the secular.
Similarly, Yu Qian's Lime Poetry, Lu You's Yongmei, Zhang Jiuling's Feeling and so on.
Two. Pay attention to landscape writing
Poetry is "expensive and implicit, avoid direct exposure". How can you confess and hate? People in ancient times used to express their feelings with scenery. Common methods for writing scenarios are:
1. Side foil
Poets write scenery not from the front scenery, but from the related side scenery, so as to achieve the effect of reflecting the theme by describing the side scenery, that is, side contrast. For example:
Stone city
Liu Yuxi
The mountains are still the same, surrounded by abandoned ancient capitals, and the tide is beating against the lonely empty city as in the past.
On the east bank of Huaihe River, the ancient cold moon, midnight, peep at the old palace.
2. Contrast the scene with the situation (scene)
Poets often use scenery to render and set off when describing subtle and graceful feelings or deep feelings, such as:
Qingjiang sound
Qiuhuai
Zhang Kejiu
Zephyr came to Wan Li and asked me if I would come back. Wild geese crow in red leaves, people get drunk in yellow flowers, and banana rains in Qiu Meng.
Li Bai's Spring Thoughts is also an example. The author writes "Swallow Grass" as ruby and "Qin Sang" as low green, which arouses readers' imagination: dark green is "blue", dark green is "Shen" and "Shen" is "low". This can better foil the deep lovesickness between husband and Qin wife.
Chai Lu
Wang Wei
No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard.
Go back to the depths of the forest and shine at me from the green moss.
3. Focus on writing dynamic, static or dynamic-static scenes or dynamic-static scenes.
In some landscape poems, there are often still scenes, such as mountains and the moon. Moving scenery, such as water flow, wind shaking and so on. According to different emphases, the author sometimes writes only dynamic scenes or static scenes, sometimes both dynamic scenes and static scenes, sometimes writing dynamic scenes to set off, and sometimes writing dynamic scenes to set off. For example, Wang Wei's "Chai Lu" sets off the silence of the "empty mountain" with "full of people"; One autumn night in the deep mountains, the silence of the empty mountain was set off by the noise of bamboo and the movement of lotus, expressing a kind of leisure.
4. Create artistic conception, render atmosphere and express emotions.
In ancient and modern poetry, there are many poems that write scenery first and then love or panorama. Poets often use the scenery to render the atmosphere thick, paving the way for lyricism or melting into the scenery. According to the nature of the scenery, it can be divided into happy scenery and sad scenery.
(1) Happy scenes set off happy feelings, while sad scenes set off sad feelings.
"Emotion makes you happy, but emotion makes you sad". The beauty of the poet lies in integrating emotions into the scene, conveying his emotions through the scene, and achieving the blending of the scene. For example:
Gordon
Du Fu
The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.
After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
(2) Happy scenery is lined with sadness.
Write sorrow with joy, and see more of its sorrow. For example:
Jueju
Du Fu
The water waves in the river, the white feathers of waterfowl, the green and red flowers on the mountain are in contrast, and you want to burn.
I watched it again this spring. When is the year of return?
5. The combination of reality and reality
Without association and imagination, poets can't create poems. Association and imagination can express the theme of poetry well. But association and imagination must have a certain realistic basis-realistic objective scenery or events.
The real scene is the realistic and objective scenery described by the poet, while the virtual scene is the scenery created by the poet through association or imagination. The combination of reality and reality can better express an overflowing emotion. For example:
Listen to the flute on the plug
Gaoshi
Snow-clean horses graze in the daytime, and Qiangdi guards the building in the moonlight.
Excuse me, where did the plum blossom fall? The wind blew all over Tianshan Mountain overnight.
In short, in poetry, people who express their feelings with scenery (indirect lyricism) often have certain fixity, such as: conveying "homesickness" with "hometown bright moon"; Communicate "seclusion" with "loose wind and mountains and moons"; Convey "the poet's sorrow" with "the cold forest and the waning moon"; Communicate "acacia bitterness" with "Mid-Autumn Festival full moon"; Convey "forever in my heart" with "falling flowers in the wind and rain, two swallows flying alone, and a heavy pavilion and jade pillow"; In the shaping of artistic conception, the picture may be magnificent, such as "the desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen";
④ Zhang Xianzhi, a chess piece.
Poets often express their feelings at the end of their poems. For example, the sentence at the end of Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" says, "How can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials whose sincere faces will never be seen?" It expresses that the poet's thoughts are free and carefree, rather than bending over for a bucket of rice. Another example is the ending sentence "I will ride the wind and waves one day, and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea" in Difficult Travel, which expresses the open-mindedness to realize my ideal.