Eastern Jin dynasty
Poet and lyricist
Major achievements
The founder of pastoral school
The first poet who wrote a lot of drinking poems in the history of literature
The number of pastoral poems is the largest and the achievements are the highest.
Tao Yuanming (352 or 365-427 [1]), also known as Qian, was privately called "the realm" [2]. Chaisang people in Xunyang. A great poet and poet at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty. He served as Jiangzhou Wine Sacrifice, Jianwei Army, Zhenjun, and Pengze County Order, and the last official position was Pengze County Order. He left his post for more than 80 days and retired to the countryside. He is the first pastoral poet in China, and is known as the "Sect of Hermit Poets in Ancient and Modern Times [3]", with a collection of Tao Yuanming.
Tao Yuanming's position in history is 30 points.
He is the first pastoral poet in China, and is known as the "School of Ancient and Modern Hermit Poetry", with a collection of Tao Yuanming. Tao Yuanming was the most accomplished poet in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and made outstanding contributions to the development of poetry. He not only created pastoral poetry, but also made daily life full of interest and poetry as never before, expanding the theme of poetry; He created a simple and natural poetic mood and set a higher artistic standard for later generations. He also created many poetic forms. First, he injected new life into the rigid form of four-character poems with vivid content; Secondly, the five-character poems chanting for the bosom were developed. According to the characteristics of content and form such as Ode to History, Drinking, Ode to Poverty and Return to Garden, the classification is more detailed, and the internal structure of poetry is more ingenious than that of predecessors. Tao poetry was not valued by people at that time, and the school of landscape pastoral poetry rose and established its position in the Tang Dynasty. After Zhao and Song Dynasties, Tao Yuanming was highly respected and established his position as a first-class master.
Tao Yuanming claimed to be. .
Tao Yuanming's natural disposition is frank, advocating nature and numbering at will. When he saw Wuliu at the door, he got a nickname, Mr Wuliu. Just a stone, Dongpo is a number.
Tao Yuanming was the first poet in the history of literature.
He is an idyllic poet.
After reading the biography of Mr. Wu Liu, I wrote 500 words to Mr. Tao Yuanming.
The composition is as follows:
Tao Yuanming has always been called an "idyllic poet" because many of his excellent poems were written after he retired to the countryside. He praised the labor life and the beauty of nature, and dreamed of an ideal society without poverty and oppression. The language is simple, natural and beautiful, which is contrary to the pursuit of gorgeous and piled style in the Six Dynasties, and has a great influence on later literature both ideologically and artistically. His prose is also very successful. Biography of Mr. Wu Liu is his autobiography written under the name of Mr. Wu Liu. Xiao Tong said in The Biography of Tao Yuanming: "When you taste the biography of Mr. Wuliu, you can call it a record …" The image of Mr. Wuliu is a self-portrait of Tao Yuanming.
"Mr. Wang doesn't know who he is", the first sentence at the beginning of the article, that is, excluding this gentleman from the famous family, not only don't know his origin and birthplace, but also "don't know his surname" He is an anonymous person. Jin dynasty was very particular about family status, but he ran counter to this trend, suggesting that he was a hermit. "There are five willows near my home, because I think the numbers are ambiguous", so I took a random font size. Not only is he anonymous, but he doesn't care about surnames at all. In Zhuangzi's words, "a famous person is also a real guest", which is irrelevant. But why do you have a crush on Uncle Wu or Liu? Maybe there are no peaches and plums next to his house, only a few willows, which is consistent with what is written later. His house is humble and he lives in poverty. These five willows are quiet, elegant and unpretentious. Using five vitamins also shows his character.
After introducing his name, I went on to write about his life and personality. "Quiet and quiet, not envious of Li Rong", this is his most prominent place. Quiet and quiet is his external performance, and not greedy for profit is his true face. Because he doesn't pursue wealth, he doesn't have to run around, he doesn't have to be agitated, so he is naturally leisurely and quiet, and he doesn't have to talk endlessly. But this kind of quiet talk does not mean that he is not interested. He has three interests, reading, drinking and writing, which shows that his interests are elegant. Although anonymous, it is not the same as the Taoist saying that "he is like a dead wood and his heart is like ashes." However, he "likes reading, but he doesn't want to know too much". Why doesn't he want to know too much? This is related to his "no desire is just". The purpose of his reading is to satisfy his knowledge and enjoy his spirit, so "every time he knows something, he forgets to eat happily." He doesn't want to "learn written martial arts and taste the imperial family." He does not pursue fame and fortune, but seeks spiritual comfort. What does he know? It's not written. We can imagine it from Tao Yuanming's poems such as Reading Shan Hai Jing and Chanting Jing Ke. He got philosophy and enlightenment from the book, and had a clearer understanding of the chaotic and ugly reality at that time and a more thorough understanding of life. But only "knowledge", no words, so "static and motionless", just don't say, not don't know. This makes us vaguely feel that Mr. Wu Liu is a knowledgeable person, and also vaguely feel the restrictions and persecution of that society.
The second interest-drinking. Mr. Wu Liu is "quiet and indifferent", but when he is studying, he "forgets to eat happily when he knows one thing", which shows that his heart is not a stagnant pool, but a wave. The inner waves did not show, but found a way to calm the waves, which is alcoholism. The word "addiction" means that it is not just any small wine, but "you will get drunk when you are ready." Although "the family is poor", it has never changed this hobby, just because it can calm the waves of the soul in a hometown where people lead a drunken life. This is a way for him to get rid of himself in that environment.
The third interest-writing articles. The purpose of his writing is to "entertain himself", not to show others, not to dedicate to the rulers, nor to seek official rewards. This also shows that he does have "understanding" in his heart and has something to say, but he just doesn't want to tell others or write articles for himself. "Quiet and quiet" and "often writing articles to entertain yourself" are the reflection of this mood.
At the end of the article, after describing Mr. Wu Liu's life and interests, he also imitated the brushwork of historians and added a compliment. The essence of this compliment is Mrs. Qian Lou's two words: "Don't care about poverty, don't care about wealth." These two sentences are in tune with the "no desire is just" written earlier, which is the greatest feature and advantage of Mr. Wu Liu. The author expresses his thoughts and feelings through Mr. Wu Liu.
There are two questions at the end of the article: "Is there anyone from Wyeth?" GM Shi Tian's people? This shows that the author also appreciates the ancient society advocated by Taoism, but the main spirit of the full text is still the "independence" of Confucianism. "The full text is less than 200 words, the language is refined, and the profound content is expressed in plain, which is a major feature of Tao Yuanming's poems.
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What is the position and historical significance of Tao Yuanming's literary history?
During the one hundred years after the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the poetic world was almost occupied by metaphysical poems. Since Jian 'an, Zhengshi and Taikang, the normal development of poetry art has been interrupted, and the excessive expansion of metaphysical elements has made poetry deviate from art and become a boring annotation of Laozi and Zhuangzi's thoughts. The appearance of Tao Yuanming reconnected the context of poetry art and added many new dynamic factors. Tao poetry followed the simple style of Wei and Jin poetry and entered a more refined situation, like a milestone, marking the height that simple songs and poems can reach. Tao Yuanming is also a pioneer of innovation. He successfully promoted "nature" to the realm of beauty; Transforming Hyunri in the interpretation of metaphysical poems into philosophy in daily life; It combines poetry with daily life and creates a new theme of pastoral poetry. His lofty Geng Jie, free and easy, simple and kind, his philosophical thinking on life, together with his works, have built a "nest" and spiritual home for later literati. On the one hand, it can shield their hypocrisy and ugliness, on the other hand, it can also allow them to rest and escape. Their strong sense of identity with Tao Yuanming makes Tao Yuanming a never-boring topic.
Tao Yuanming's thought can be summarized as: to return to a "true self" by eliminating the acquired "false self" cultivated in the secular world. Tao Yuanming saw the decay of society, but he had no power to change it, so he had to pursue his own moral perfection. He saw the social crisis, but couldn't find the right way to save it, so he had to turn to the return of human nature. This may be partly realized by himself, especially in the poetic realm he created, but it is ineffective as a prescription for treating society.
Tao Yuanming is the representative of romantic life in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The romantic life in Wei and Jin Dynasties is a kind of personality beauty pursued by Wei and Jin scholars, or an artistic life pursued by them. They use their words, behaviors and poems to make their lives full of artistic flavor. From a secular point of view, Tao Yuanming's life is "withered", but from an extraordinary point of view, his life is very artistic. His works such as Biography of Mr. Wu Liu, Back to Xi Ci, Back to the Garden and Fortune all reflect his artistic life. His process of pleading for and resigning from the Pengze county magistrate, his attitude towards Jiangzhou secretariat Wang Hong, the story of fiddling with the harpsichord and the anecdote of drinking wine on his head are also the manifestations of his artistic life. Wine is the medium of his artistic life. Tao Yuanming is an outstanding representative of romantic life in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
The themes of Tao's poems can be mainly divided into five categories: pastoral poems, nostalgic poems, epic poems, service poems and answering poems.
Pastoral poetry and landscape poetry are often referred to as the same category, but they are two different themes. Pastoral poetry will write about rural scenery, but the main body is about rural life, farmers and farming. Landscape poems mainly describe natural scenery, and poets' aesthetic appreciation of landscape images is often associated with travel. Strictly speaking, only one of Tao Yuanming's poems is a landscape poem, and he writes more pastoral poems. Pastoral poetry is a new theme that he added to China literature. Taking his pastoral life as the content, he truly wrote the joys and sorrows of hard struggle. Tao Yuanming is the first person in the history of China literature.
One of the characteristics of Tao's poetry is his pioneering work, that is, to poeticize daily life and find important significance and lasting poetry in daily life. Before him, Qu Yuan, Cao Cao, Cao Zhi, Ruan Ji, Lu Ji, etc. All focus on topics related to national politics. Tao Yuanming focuses on ordinary life, and writes about family affairs in household words, which is poetic.
The language of Shi Tao's poems is not untrained, but it shows no trace and looks plain and natural. As Yuan Haowen said: "A word is natural and eternal, and it is extravagant." (On Poetry) For example, "Eat, drink and wait for no one." (The first part of "Miscellaneous Poems") "People voted in the past, and they can't win." ("Miscellaneous Poems" II) "Cherish the forest in front of the hall and store the shade in the middle and summer." The words "Dai", "Throw" and "Save" are all commonly used verbs, which seem plain but wonderful, and it is simple enough.
Regarding the artistic origin of Tao poetry, Zhong Rong's poem said: "Its origin comes from the response to the wind." Since then, many people have opposed this statement, but today, many people agree. Judging from Ying Kun's poems and biographical materials, he is quite different from Tao Yuanming. Tao's poems originated not so much from Ying Kun as from sages in Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, and Ying Kun alone could not cover him. If we must be specific, we can say that Shi Tao originated from Ancient Poetry, and he combined the legacy of Ruan Ji with the left-leaning ideological trend. Wei and Jin poetry reached a new peak in him.
Tao Yuanming is at ......
Where is the Peach Blossom Garden written by Tao Yuanming, an ancient poem?
Wuling: In Changde, Hunan Province today.
Wuling: County name. Emperor Gaozu was located in Yiling (now south of Xupu, Hunan).
I hope you are satisfied!