China has a history of 5, years, and all dynasties have their own unique brilliance, while the Northern Song Dynasty is a pearl with a prosperous limelight, with open politics and constant political reform. The economy is prosperous and the market is prosperous; Confucianism revived, and talented people came forth in large numbers; Science and technology are developed and advancing by leaps and bounds! These achievements are inseparable from the innovators who were at the forefront of thought at that time, among which Wang Anshi, who launched the "Xining Reform", was the most prominent.
The later generations have different opinions on this veteran of the Three Dynasties, who has twice gone on strike. However, the later generations of scholars unanimously affirmed his numerous outstanding overturned poems. The so-called "conviction" poem.
It is to overthrow the previous generation's established evaluation of some historical figures and events in the form of poetry, and the literature of reversing the verdict formed from this was even more prosperous in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The famous poets Du Mu, Su Shi and others have many famous works of reversing the verdict, but if it is the most shocking and thought-provoking, only Wang Anshi is the only one! Why do you want to stay when the book is clear and the princess has no complaints?
to say that Wang Anshi's most famous poem of reversing his conviction is the two songs of Ming Fei that break the old rules. These two songs are extremely skillful in reversing the verdict, and also fully show his transcendental character. The poem says, "I couldn't paint the origin of my will, and Mao Yanshou died in vain at that time."
Different ancestors blamed Mao Yanshou, who painted Zhao Jun's ugliness, for the tragedy of the Ming Princess of the Han Dynasty. Instead, they thought that the beauty's worldly manners could not be painted. The monarch clearly saw Zhao Jun before he left the country, but he gave up Zhao Jun despite all his regrets. In the final analysis, the fundamental reason for Zhao Jun's tragedy was that the Han and Yuan emperors were blind to good and bad, blinded by bureaucrats and headstrong.
It is obvious that the emperor is the most heartless, but he took his anger out on Mao Yanshou and killed him in vain. The poem says, "You don't see Nagato close at hand, Gillian is closed, and there is no north or south in life." It is also the ruthless behavior of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty who still abandoned his wife. From another angle, it shows that Zhao Jun, who was a maid-in-waiting, was hard to see the emperor, and it was not as good as the affection between Gillian and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Why should he insist on the emperor?
It's the same whether you are in favor or out of favor, and it's not a good way out without going to Xiongnu.
Later, he said, "Hann is ignorant of Hu Enshen, and life is happy to know each other." It highlights Hann and cool thin, and the conference semifinals treat each other warmly. They are not appreciated by kings in the Han Dynasty, not necessarily elsewhere! So it can be seen that in Wang Anshi's eyes, Zhaojun's departure from the fortress is a happy end-result of finding a good future and finding a lover. Reversing one's conviction to such an extent is unprecedented and unprecedented!
As soon as this article was published, great Confucian scholars in the contemporary era accused him of deviance and disregard for the monarch. However, from the perspective of later generations, Wang Anshi did tell the truth based on people, telling the essence in one word, and thinking about her happiness, worries, gains and losses from the perspective of Zhao Jun, instead of looking at the problem from the traditional perspective that the Central Plains is the sky and the emperor is the respect. A thousand years ago, there were fragments of consciousness that everyone was equal, and the advanced nature of his thought can be seen. Saying that Xi Shi is innocent, it is a pity that it is not only the "beauty" that blames the country's beauty.
During the Northern Song Dynasty when Wang Anshi was an official, Liao and Xixia invaded the territory of the Northern Song Dynasty and even stole at least one million yuan a year. During the reign of King You, the Japanese pirates were rampant, encroaching on the territory, which led to the loss of life. The northwest border fell into a passive situation of repeated wars and defeats for a long time. More importantly, Shi Yisheng and other advisers turned to other countries for advice because of their disappointment with the military system in the Northern Song Dynasty.
At this time, Wang Anshi intended to launch Xining Reform to change the war predicament, but the king was bound by the conservative forces of the imperial court, and he was reluctant to reform, so the prospect of the court situation was not optimistic.
The poem "Xi Shi" was written by Wang Anshi under such circumstances. Xi Shi was a famous beauty in Yue State. After being destroyed by Wu State, the adviser Wen Zi offered a honey trap to the king, and sent Xi Shi as a companion to Fu Cha, confusing the king with no intention to handle political affairs, which eventually led to the destruction of Wu State. In previous poems, most people said that Xi Shi was a femme fatale, so as to warn the monarch not to indulge in beauty.
but Wang Anshi's poems don't think so. The poem says: "The adviser is safe, how can a concubine be a disaster?" I hope that the king will punish Bo Bo, and there will be beauty in the palace! "
The rise and fall of the State of Wu is decided by the monarch and his advisers. Can you blame only a small beauty for bringing disaster to the country and people?
If Fu Cha had taken Wu Zixu's advice and killed Bo Ai that day, what would have been the bane of the country? How much pillow breeze can a beauty of Xi Shi blow in the palace? The relationship between national security and women's sex is small, but the relationship with the loyal subjects of the monarch is big. Wang Anshi's conviction poems highlight the importance of scholars to the country, which is even more thought-provoking.
Wang Anshi is worthy of being a genius of his time. He pointed out the reasons for the destruction of the State of Wu to disloyal advisers and thoughtless kings, and combined with the situation at that time, he was able to wake everyone up and hit the nail on the head!
Therefore, Xi 'ning Reform was finally implemented against all odds. Under the command of Wang Anshi, Xi 'ning achieved a great victory in six years, and it was also the only time in the Northern Song Dynasty that it won a great victory without any doubt against the frontier nationalities! It can be seen that Wang Anshi not only has political talent, but also is a military master! Loyal adviser! Praise Shang Yang sincerely, how do you know that Wang Anshi is not the "second Shang Yang"
During the Xining political reform, Shenzong and Wang Anshi were pioneers of the political reform, with advanced ideas and fearless courage, but they were also afraid that the political reform would not be effective, so they often talked about the present through the ancient times in discussing political affairs, or innovated according to the excellent experience of their ancestors, or metaphorically considered the positions of the two factions at that time.
By quoting the past, the monarch and the minister communicated with each other, making each other more deeply understand the benefits and worries of the reform. This is also the blowout period of Wang Anshi's overturned poems, and Shang Yang, which can best express his personal position, was created during this period.
During the Warring States Period, Shang Yang was a famous political reformer. After he was reused by Qin Xiaogong, he actively carried out the political reform. The Qin State abandoned mining fields, valued agriculture and mulberry, awarded military merits, implemented unified measurement and established county system, and so on. Since then, he has become powerful and unified the seven countries, but in the end it has not come to a good end.
Shang Yang in Wang Anshi's works is sincere and faithful
For Shang Yang, the Confucian orthodoxy of past dynasties was despised and spurned by everyone. For example, Su Dongpo, Wang Anshi's "sworn enemy", in his article On Shang Yang, thought that the prosperity of Qin had nothing to do with Shang Yang, but the reason for its inevitable downfall was "Yang Yang actually made it". Wang Anshi disagreed with him, and wrote in the poem, "Since ancient times, the people have been driven by reliance, and a word is more important than gold. Today's people must be Shang Yang, and Shang Yang can make politics imperative. "
Different from the criticism of Shang Yang by Confucian scholars in the past, it is a new way to affirm Shang Yang's honest personality, which is based on honesty and stands on wood. It is highly appreciated that if Shang Yang is carrying out political reform today, he will be able to successfully implement government decrees, implement them and achieve great success.
This sigh is obviously Wang Anshi's frustration that the implementation of the new law is difficult, can't be supported, and can't be trusted by the monarch. However, the tone of his poems firmly following Shang Yang's political reform also fully shows Wang Anshi's determination to serve the country politically, and his broad heart of fearlessness, utility and fame. Why is Wang Anshi's overturned poem so excellent?
Wang Anshi was a genius who shocked the world. As an outstanding politician, strategist and philosopher, Wang Anshi's Xining political reform condensed his lifelong efforts and made great achievements.
Xining political reform improved the phenomenon of "accumulating poverty and accumulating weakness" in the Northern Song Dynasty to a certain extent. Policies such as "young crops' money", "exemption from service" and "easy money in the city" also increased the country's fiscal revenue, promoted agricultural production progress and rapid economic development, truly reduced the national burden, and created a rare prosperity for a hundred years.
Wang Anshi firmly believes that "natural changes are not enough to be feared, ancestors are not enough to learn the law, and people's words are not enough to be compassionate", but after all, Wang Anshi can't compete with indecisive kings, selfish relatives and conservative literati, and eventually the reform failed, and the long-term party struggle accelerated the decline of the dynasty. However, Wang Anshi, an "old man" whose thought was at the forefront of the development of feudal dynasty thought, was an undeniable genius!
On the one hand, Wang Anshi's ability to "push the spirit of reversing his conviction to the extreme" is related to his stubborn and remote character, on the other hand, it can't be separated from the spirit of the times in the Northern Song Dynasty, which is active and good at exploring.
after the celebration of the calendar, the critical spirit of not blindly following and daring to doubt began to prevail in the study of Confucian classics. Wang Anshi was willing to be different from others, good at observing and looking for new angles, thus forming a unique way of thinking, which was manifested in his poems. Besides, Wang Anshi also has unique and novel views on historical events and figures.
Wang Anshi has traveled around with his father since he was a child. Knowing the sufferings of the people, he understands that different classes will paint facts from different angles for their own interests, and history is the same. He is a "little girl who lets the winner smear her face".
He initially formed ancient naive materialism's thought of dialectically looking at two sides of things, doubted and criticized the authenticity of historical records, and endowed the literature of cassation with deeper political connotation, which made him completely different from the vulgar works that blindly caught people's attention.
Wang Anshi awakens the world's dialectical thought by writing poems for historical figures, which not only affirms his political stance, but also justifiably refutes all kinds of difficulties made by conservatives. Wang Anshi's conviction-reversing literature seems deviant, but in fact, it has implemented the principle of being an official and a scholar. He wants to correct historical facts and borrow from the past to illustrate the present, so it gives people a sense of shock.
Wang Anshi knew that his thoughts would not be understood by the world, would not be tolerated by the dynasties, and would even do bad things with kindness under the obstruction of conservatives and court nobles. However, he devoted himself to the country and the people and devoted himself to the reform. Even if the reform ended in failure, Wang Anshi was ousted and returned to his hometown.