At that time, Cuba, as a colony of Spain, was only a transit point for Spain to the American continent. For a long time, its literary works were only vagrant folk songs that were circulated orally by the people and criticized monks and officials. It was not until the end of 17 that Spanish descendants born in Cuba began to publish books.
In terms of drama, around 1730, the first drama "The False Prince Gardener clory Dano" written by a Cuban writer came out in Seville, Spain, by Santiago de Pita (? ~ 1755)。
From 17 to 18, the most literary poets in Cuba are Jose Suri Igira (1696~ 1762), and most of his poems are strongly religious. José Rodrí guez Xarez's poems have a strong irony. At this time, Cuban-born writers are committed to creating works with local history as the theme, such as Pedro Augustine Moreri de Santa Cruz (1694~ 1768) and jose martin Felix de Alat (170 1).
Havana newspaper was founded in Cuba in 1790, and the Friends of the Motherland Economic Association was established in 1793, which is considered to be an event of great significance in the development of Cuban culture. At this time, most of the literary works are critical articles on social, economic and philosophical issues, advocating rhetoric. Many poems focus on praising the beautiful scenery and rich products of the island country. This Creole spirit is manifested in the works of the outstanding poets Manuel de Serquilla I Arango (1760~ 1846) and Manuel justo de Rubalcaba (1769~ 1805), while trying to break away from the patriarch.
18 1 1 year, the parliament of Cadiz, Spain, issued a freedom of the press order, and many newspapers and periodicals came into being. 1On August 6th, 834, the Literature Department of "Friends of the Motherland Economic Association" was expanded into a Cuban Literature Research Institute, which became the activity center of native whites who resisted the suzerain country, but it was soon banned. The writer Domingo del Monte I Aponte (1804~ 1853) and others insisted on pioneering the road of national culture. At this time, the basic themes reflected in literary works are: getting rid of the shackles of the sovereign state, striving for the independence of the motherland, and personal manipulation of fate. Important writers include Baleira, Jose Antonio Sacco (1797~ 1879), Jose de la Luz I cavalli Rowe (1800~ 1862), Delmonte and others.
Jose Maria Heredia (1803~ 1839) first expressed her desire for independence in her poems. His poems are full of patriotic enthusiasm. The Cursed Son by the poet Gabriel de la Concepció n Valdé s (1809~ 1844) and the dramatist José jacinto Milanese (1814 ~14). The famous novelist anselmo Suarez I Romero (18 18~ 1878)' s Francisco and placido's poem "The Pirates Leave" have revealed the injustice of the world. Juan francisco Manzano (1797~ 1857), a poet born in slavery, longed for freedom and attacked slavery.
After 1845 and 10 years, the action for independence failed, and the Spanish colonial authorities strengthened their control. Sacco and Delmonte were forced into exile, placido was shot, and Jose jacinto Milanese was driven crazy. At this time, there is a tendency to describe local conditions and customs. How to insert the works of Victoriano Betancur (18 13~ 1875) and Cirillo Vera Wilde (186545)?
Poetry tends to escape from reality and emphasize sensory stimulation. Raphael Maria Mendivey (182 1~ 1886), a second-generation Cuban romantic poet, is famous for praising the dew of nature. Joaquin Lorenzo Lu Hases (1826~ 1867) wrote poems with patriotic thoughts. Juan Clemente Senaya's poems (1832~ 187 1) are mostly about the night, loneliness and graves, and their mood is low. He also wrote poems to express his sad patriotic feelings, but "Delia who misses his former lover" is the best. The poetess Luisa Pé rez de Zambrana (1835~ 1922) is concerned about her personal misfortune. Chrtrudis Gomez de Abellaneda (1814 ~1873), a female writer, has made contributions to the Cuban poetry innovation movement and won favorable comments both at home and in Spain.
At the same time, a genre ── Siboneism, whose representative writer is Jose Follner Rees (1827 ~1890), has emerged to describe rural scenery with the life and customs of Cuban aborigines as the theme. In their works, they expressed sympathy for Xibe Indians who were wiped out by Spanish colonists and protested against Spanish colonial authorities.
1868, the ten-year war against Spanish rule broke out, 1895, the war of independence broke out. Enrique Pinheiro (1839 ~1911), Enrique José Barahona (1849~ 1933) and Manuel are famous critics and writers in this stage. At this time, the most important writer was José Julián Martí Perez (1853~ 1895), a pioneer of the independence movement, and he was one of the pioneers of the modernist movement in Latin America.
1902, Cuba was founded. Some exiled revolutionary writers returned to the motherland. At this time, many writers indulge in self-expression, and some writers preach patriotism and attack corrupt politics. The novelist Carlos Lovera (1882~ 1928) condemned new noble in Cuba in his book "Generals and Doctors", showing his firm stance against religious rights. Miguel de carion (1875~ 1929) published the novel "Honest Woman" and the novel "Untouched Woman". The former is a naturalistic work, attacking bourgeois morality, while the latter reflects the life of the lower class. The writer Jose Antonio Ramos (1885~ 1945) published novels and plays condemning imperialist interference and racial discrimination, such as Swamp and Coaibe. Other writers include Alfonso Herná ndez Cata (1885 ~1940) and Luiz Felipe Rodriguez (1888~ 1947).
In terms of poetry, Regino Eladio Botti (1878~ 1958) wrote The Flower of Arabia in Thought, Agustin acosta wrote Wings, and José Manuel Poveda (1888~ 1926). Poets Jose zacarias Talei, Maria Bilyal Boucetta and ruben martinez Villena (1899~ 1934) gradually broke free from the shackles of modernism and sought new creative paths.
After the 1920s, the economic crisis and machado's dictatorship intensified, and Cuba faced acute social and political problems. 1927, Regino pedrozo, a famous poet, published a poem "Say hello to the brothers in the machinery workshop" and began to create social poems with anti-exploitation and anti-oppression as the main content. The poems of the poets Manuel Navarro Luna, Felix Pita Rodrí guez and Nicolas Giron express the proletarians' protest against the unjust society.
During this period, the black movement appeared, and the representative writer was Ji Lian. They use the rhythm of black folk poetry or take black life as the theme to create. The publication of Poor Negro by Fernando Ortiz, Black Slave and African American Poetry by Emilio Baragas promoted the black movement. 1928, the poet josé zacarias Talete published the rumba, which is the first black poem. The representative work of the black movement in the novel is Ego Yamba O by Alejo Carpentier.
After 1930s and 1940s, literary creation more reflected the national awakening and resistance, such as Carlos Montenegro's Men Without Women and the collection of short stories Heroes and Two Ships. Novelist Lino novas Calvo has a collection of short stories, such as The Ninth Moon, and Felix Pita Rodriguez pays attention to describing the miserable life of fishermen and sugarcane plantation farmers. Enrique Labrador Ruiz was influenced by surrealism in the early stage, and later described people's life and production customs in folk language. Enrique Cerpa is the author of the novel Smuggling, which describes the life of the lower classes, and the novel Trap, which opposes machado's dictatorship.
Under Batista's high-handed policy, poets such as Eugenio Florit and Emilio Baragas often escape from reality. Jose Lezama Lima founded Fountain magazine on 1946, and advocated seeking the characteristics of national art. The magazine United a group of young writers, and most of their poems were about childhood memories and nostalgia for their hometown. Among them are Angel Gaste Lu, Si Tong Baquero, Elicio Diego and Fina Garcí a Marus. There are also famous dramatist and poet Bill Silio Piniella, poet and folklorist Samuel Fajo.