As early as childhood, Su Shi's father Su Xun noticed the personality differences between Su Shi and Su Zhe. Su Shi was brilliant since childhood, and he was a scholar in Jiayou for two years (1057). Since then, his career has experienced ups and downs and many misfortunes. Su Shi, who traveled all over the world in his bumpy career, became "a dead heart and a corpse." This forced him to think carefully about where he belongs as soon as possible. Su Shi is an official in various places, and it is his duty to sympathize with the sufferings of the people. Coupled with his charming talent, optimistic and open-minded mind and love for life, he is deeply loved and revered by people everywhere. He has too many choices about his future life, which is inseparable from his carefree personality. Su Shi is bold and unrestrained, with sharp edges. No exterior decoration' is true. As a result, I was repeatedly criticized and almost headless all my life. As a sign that a car has been run over, it has neither the merits of a car nor the disaster of rollover, and it is' good between good and bad'. Su Zhe's character is fierce and cold, and he doesn't show it. Therefore, in the fierce party struggle in the future, although he was repeatedly criticized, he was able to avoid disaster and spend his old age safely.
When he was young, Su Shi was proud of the spring breeze with the support of Ouyang Xiu. However, with the implementation of Wang Anshi's political reform, Su Shi's bad luck followed, and he was repeatedly relegated and went further and further. Two months before Su Shi's death, he wrote a poem on the portrait painted for him by painter Li: His heart is like a gray tree, and his body is like a boat. It's really hard to ask about your occupation, Yanzhou and Huangzhou in Huizhou. However, Su Shi did not compromise. Wang Anshi's political reform, Su Shi felt that the new law was too radical, harmful to the people and opposed to political reform, so he was sentenced to Hangzhou by the new party. When he left Beijing, his friend Wen Tong advised him: "Northern guests come to ask, West Lake is good, don't recite poems." (Ye Mengde's Shi Lin Shi Hua) But Su Shi did not listen to his friends' kindness to Huzhou for nine years. He wrote a series of political satirical poems, such as "Sailing on a Salt River in the Rain", "Five Wonders in a Mountain Village" and "Tales of Wuzhong Talent" in Tang Village. Su Shi opposed Wang Anshi's political reform. However, during his tenure as a local official, he saw some benefits of the new law and changed his attitude towards it. He has the courage to admit his mistake. Although his political views are different from his, he admires Wang Anshi and Sima Guang, who are superior in knowledge and morality. But for those pseudo-sects, Su Shi mercilessly exposed their true colors. Su Shi always insisted on maintaining his own personality. However, Su Shi could not help but vent his dissatisfaction with the blow and oppression imposed on him by the outside world.
In his life, he left many poems, which reflected his character and thoughts in his works. In Dongpo's ci, there is an explicit or implicit tone throughout, which we might as well call "the aria of life". What follows is the author's constant thinking about life: its breadth and depth are unprecedented in the history of ci.
The life thinking embodied in Dong Bo's ci mainly includes the following three pairs of life contradictions:
1, formal and retired
Su Shi set foot on his official career as early as 26 years old and experienced ups and downs in his long career. He faced life choices many times, especially when he felt lost and frustrated politically, and was exiled and fled. Confucianism's thought of joining the WTO is his "backbone"
In his early years, he said, "Why is it difficult to be Yao and Shun?". It can best represent his yearning and pursuit of achievement. But after a long time, he gradually tends to shrink back: "scratch your head and pay you back, conscious of fame and wealth." "When will you go back and be a free man?" For a piano, a pot of wine and a stream of clouds. " Wan Li smoke waves Yun Fan. "His inherent requirements for retirement are naturally particularly strong. Once he was "released" by the imperial court, he thought that his achievements had not yet been established, but he could not help but sigh generously: "When I was old, I didn't repay my kindness. Looking back, I felt a sigh. "Visible poet is still hesitant between in and out. In the poet's view, the best way to solve this contradiction is to retire after success: "When will he become famous? "
2. Ideal and reality
Although the poet holds the ideal of "being a gentleman and being flexible", the reality is not satisfactory: cumbersome official duties and frequent transfers make him involuntarily: "If you hate this body for a long time, when will you forget the camp"; Things in life are like a shuttle. His sense of wandering, depravity and boredom also arises spontaneously: "Strangers wander everywhere"; "the end of the world is hurting people." Wutai Poetry Case, Huangzhou and Linghai's two relegations all shattered the poet's ideal. "official patrol, green hills and white waves, thousands of times." The words are full of twists and turns, which is hard to hide! The poet suddenly lost his mind: "it rained in the middle of the night on the plane leaves, and the dream soul was nowhere to be found"; Suddenly self-mockery: "three into the Ming Dynasty, four to nine clear, ask the scholar, why shame him"; Suddenly wronged: "ask what the public is, don't say anything in the book"; Suddenly sad: "the beads are splashed with tears, and the Dan is broken"; These are all caused by the ups and downs of official career.
Why is it so difficult for poets to proceed from reality and move towards ideals? First, the existence of party struggle in the imperial court, with various factions containing each other, attacking each other and fighting endlessly, made it difficult for Su Shi to make great achievements. Second, the weak national strength of the Song Dynasty, coupled with the conservative ethnic policy, determined that the rulers could not make great achievements. "Tao is difficult to tolerate, so it is difficult to envy" (Xue Yu), Su Shi's fate is unknown. So, how to solve the contradictions between ideal and reality? Su Shi's answer is roughly: "dilute the consciousness of fame and fortune;" Abide by the impromptu life philosophy of "using time to hide in me"; Hold the attitude of "happiness knows life".
3. Universe and Life
This is a heavy and basic subject. Su Shi touched on the profound contradiction between the infinity of the universe and the brevity of life in his mythical whimsy. In view of this, he is extremely sensitive to the time when the sun and the moon wait for no one. "The personnel are bleak, and looking back is another year"; "The night is not long in this life. Where can I see the bright moon next year?" This is lamenting the shortness of life, just like his words of cherishing flowers and hurting spring, and it is a worry about life itself. However, Su Shi did not sigh blindly, but put forward a philosophical explanation from a macro perspective in Fu on the Red Wall: "From its unchanging point of view, things are infinite to me". He often shows his concern for life in his poems.
I think the most noteworthy parts of Dongpo's ci are those with positive ideological significance.
Love for real life, indifference in prosperity, calmness in adversity, and understanding in the face of changes. One of the important reasons why Dongpo's life thought is extraordinary is that the author absorbed the positive factors of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Confucianism's accession to the WTO and promising, so that he loves life and life; Taoism's inaction, especially Zhuangzi's theory of uniformity of things, made him indifferent to fame and fortune, and he also seemed to be comfortable in adversity; The quietness and roundness of Buddhism inspired him to be harmonious and accessible. Another important reason is the author's unremitting pursuit of the aesthetic realm of life, trying to transcend the utilitarian realm of life: whether in good times or in bad times.
Su Shi's meditation on life philosophy expressed in his poems undoubtedly embodies a deep humanistic concern, which can give useful enlightenment and even spiritual nourishment to future generations.
On July 28th (1 10 1 August 24th), Song Huizong Jianzhong, the great writer Su Dongpo died in Changzhou. It has been more than 900 years. People in China have always missed this literary master, who is a rare generalist and wizard. He is good at poetry, calligraphy and painting, and has been praised so far. His wandering career and wandering life experience have been lamented by people so far. His cheerful and open-minded mind and upright integrity have been admired by people so far; Even his gossip and anecdotes are well known to women and children. Zhou Qijuan, a A Qing, put it well: "Mr. Shu was born in Shu. Regardless of Shu, Mr. Zhu ruled the world." Although Su Shi's hometown is in Meishan, Sichuan, Su Shi is also the pride of Changzhou people. 900 years ago, Su Shi died in Changzhou. From then on, his lofty sentiments echoed on the land of Jiangnan. Changzhou is Su Shi.
In short, Su Shi's frankness and personality are naturally revealed in his works. Later generations spoke highly of Su Shi's truthfulness. Fang's "Zhao Wei Zhan Yan" says: "Dongpo ... it is natural and wonderful to see the world with his own real bones and freely express his belonging." Mr. Wang Shuizhao said: "In Su Shi's mind, he advocates truth and opposes the imprisonment or disguise of human nature.