After reading Mr. Zhu Guangqian's "Speechless Beauty", it was quite rewarding. The gains are as follows:
1. Understand the relationship between words and meaning.
Words can convey meaning, but meaning can never be fully expressed in words. Because words are fixed and have signs; meanings are ever-changing and elusive. The words are fragmented and the meaning is mixed. Words are limited, meaning is infinite. Expressing ideas through words is like drawing real objects with intermittent dotted lines, which can only be approximated.
2. How to make the article arouse people's sense of beauty? First, try to be concise in words and infinite in meaning. Second, read more poems and learn from them.
The so-called literature is a kind of art that expresses ideas through words. In literary works, the images before the language and the beautiful language attached to the emotional meaning must be perfect in order to arouse the sense of beauty.
Of course, written language cannot convey all the emotional meanings. Even if it could, it would not be what literature should hope for. The same is true for all works of art. Try to express as much as possible. It's not just impossible, but also unnecessary.
In literature, we don’t think it’s hard to be as expressive as possible.
When using art to express thoughts and emotions, instead of expressing them as much as possible, it is better to be a little more subtle; instead of spitting out everything, it is better to leave a large part for the viewer to understand. Because the impression and sense of beauty created in the mind of the viewer are more profound if they are implicit than if they are expressed as much as possible. In other words, the less you say and the more you leave unsaid, the greater, deeper and more real the aesthetic feeling will be.
There is a popular saying: "The words are limited but the meaning is endless." Infinite meanings are expressed in words that are exhaustive, so there are many meanings that are all expressed without words. The beauty of literature lies not only in its exhaustive words, but also in its infinite meaning. Broadly speaking, the beauty of a work of art lies not only in the part that has been expressed, but especially in the unexpressed and infinitely implicit part. This is what this article calls wordless beauty.
As far as literature is concerned, poetry is more flexible than prose; in other words, poetry contains more wordless beauty than prose. Prose is meant to be as revealing as possible, and the more fully it is used, the more wonderful it becomes. Poetry must be subtle and suggestive, so that it can attract everyone. Nowadays, people who study literature generally focus on prose, especially novels. Very careless about poetry. This fact proves that the general appreciation of humanities is weak. Now, if we want to improve literature, we must first improve our appreciation of literature. If we want to improve our appreciation of literature, we must first work hard on poetry and cultivate the ability to appreciate wordless beauty very quickly. Therefore, I very much hope that literary creators will work harder on poetry, and poetry should occupy an important position in Chinese language courses in schools.
3. Understand the relationship between the real world and the ideal world, and how to appreciate works of art.
Human will can develop in two directions: one is the real world, and the other is the ideal world. However, the reality is sometimes controlled by our will, and sometimes it is not controlled by our will.
We have two attitudes towards the world. When human beings can do it, we try our best to conquer reality. When there is nothing we can do about it, we should temporarily detach ourselves from reality and save our energy to conquer reality from other aspects in the future. Where is the detachment? Transcend yourself to the ideal realm. There are obstacles and limitations everywhere in the real world. In the ideal world, the sky is open and free for birds to fly. You cannot build castles in the air in the real world, but you can build castles in the air in the ideal world. There is no perfection in the real world, but there is perfection in the ideal world.
Therefore, the life of an artist is a surreal life; works of art help us transcend reality and seek comfort in the ideal world. In other words, we have artistic requirements because the real world treats us too harshly and refuses to allow our will to be carried out unhindered, so our will goes to the ideal world to seek comfort. The reason why art works are beautiful is that they can give us a good ideal state. So we can say that the value of a work of art depends on its degree of surrealism and whether the ideal world it creates is broad or narrow.
The value of a work of art depends on whether it can create a large amount of ideal world with a very small amount of help from the real world.
The painter uses his artistic vision and some effort in selection to select a small number of things in a complete situation, idealize them, and then express them. Only by leaving a large part of it unexpressed can the imagination of the viewer be put to use. The result of imagination is an ideal world. Therefore, although the real world represented by the picture is very small, the ideal world created is very large.
If we appreciate works of art, we must pay attention to the implicit part that is not expressed, and we must go beyond the "words" and look for the "implications." Everyone has their own opinions, and the resulting implicit meanings Isn’t it inevitable to be different? Of course, the reason why art works are beautiful is that they are flexible and can be stretched or shortened. Flexible so not rigid.
4. Philosophical discussion of the world
There are many mysteries in the world, and there are many spiritual insights in the human heart, but they cannot be conveyed through words. Once the words are revealed, they are as boring as sugarcane bagasse. This principle can also be extended to various issues in the universe and life. The world we live in is the most perfect because it is the most imperfect. On the surface, this statement seems extremely unclear. But it does contain truth.
If the world is perfect, the life that humans live is better than the life of gods, and worse than that of pigs, because if everything is perfect, there will naturally be no hope. There is no need to work hard. The happiest thing in life is the feeling generated by activities, the pleasure gained from successful struggle. The world is perfect, how can we taste the joy of creating success? The reason why this world is beautiful lies in its flaws, opportunities for hope, and fields of imagination. In other words, the potential of the world is great only when it is flawed. This situation of possibility but failure is the beauty of silence. There are many mysteries in the world that should be kept unsaid; there are many ideals in the world that should be kept unfulfilled. Because after it is realized, the relief that follows "I know!" is the disappointment of "It turns out to be nothing more than this!"
After reading the entire article, I suddenly thought of the word "the combination of virtuality and reality". This may be the way of all art and life!