Tian's family has little leisure time, and people are twice as busy in May.
at night, when the south wind comes, the wheat turns yellow.
the mother-in-law is full of food, and the child is carrying a pot paddle.
Xiang went with Xiang Tian, and Ding Zhuang was in Nangang.
it's full of rustic heat, and the back burns in the sun.
I don't know the heat, but I regret the long summer.
there is a poor woman again, holding her son by her side.
the right hand holds the ear, and the left arm hangs the basket.
it's sad to hear what they care about.
I've lost all my taxes, so I'll take this to satisfy my hunger.
what merits do I have today? I have never been involved in farming and mulberry.
Li Lu has three hundred stones, and Yan has surplus grain at the age of one.
I'm ashamed to read this, and I can't forget it every day.
Explanation
This is a five-character ancient poem, and the original title of the poem says, "It's time to be a county captain." Oh, this is Zhouzhi, Shaanxi. This is a famous allegorical poem written by a 36-year-old poet in Yuan He's second year (87).
sentence solution
Tian family has less leisure time, and people are twice as busy in May. At night, the south wind rises, and the wheat is covered with yellow
Farmers seldom have leisure time all year round, especially in the wheat harvest season in May, people are doubly busy. At night, a south wind blew, and the wheat on the ground covered the fields and was golden everywhere. At the beginning of the poem, the background is explained. The words "less" and "times" are the eyes of poetry. The former shows the hard work of farmers all year round, while the latter reflects the extra busyness of the wheat harvest season. "Long", Tian Geng.
the mother-in-law is full of food, and the child is full of pot pulp. Go with Xiang Tian, Ding Zhuang is in Nangang
. The girls and daughters-in-law are carrying food boxes on their shoulders, and the children are holding pots of pulp and greeting each other to send meals to the fields, because those strong young men are harvesting wheat in Nangang. The first two sentences are intertextual, and the subjects of "lotus eating" and "carrying pot pulp" are "aunt" and "childish". "Mu" is a round bamboo utensil used for serving rice in ancient times. "Pot pulp", with the soup in the pot. "Pay for the fields", and send food and drink to those who work in the fields.
it's full of rustic heat, and the back burns in the sun. I don't know how hot it is, but I regret that summer is long < P > They bow their heads to cut wheat, the damp and hot rustic air is transpiration under their feet, and the scorching sun shines on their backs. I am already exhausted, but I still can't take care of the heat. I just want to cherish the long daylight in early summer and do more work. Writing here, a scene of farmers' hard work has been powerfully displayed. "I don't know the heat, but I regret the long summer" is an abnormal psychology. Because of this, readers will wonder why there is such an abnormality.
there is a poor woman again, holding her son by her side. Holding the ear in his right hand and hanging the basket in his left arm
There is also a poor woman standing beside them with a child in her arms. She has some scattered ears of wheat in her right hand and a worn-out bamboo basket on her left arm. At this point, the perspective suddenly turned to the wheat picker, depicting a sad scene.
it's sad to hear what they care about. Everyone can't help but feel extremely sad at what she said when she looked at everyone. In order to pay taxes to the government, she has already sold out her own land, and now she picks up these ears of wheat just to fill her hungry belly. The two scenarios, the wheat reaper and the wheat gleaner, are intertwined, with differences and connections: the former reveals the hardships of farmers, while the latter reveals the heavy taxes. Today's wheat gatherers are yesterday's wheat gatherers; Today's wheat reapers may become tomorrow's wheat pickers. Strong irony, self-evident.
what merits do I have today? I never worked in agriculture and mulberry. Li Lu has three hundred stones, and he has surplus grain at the age of eight. I'm ashamed to read this, and I can't forget it every day.
What credit and virtue do I have? Neither farming nor mulberry picking, but a year's salary is actually 3 stones, and by the end of the year, there is still surplus grain in the warehouse. Meditate on these, and feel more ashamed in private, and even can't forget it all day.
This lyric is the essence of the whole poem, the product of the author's touching feelings, and shows the poet's deep sympathy for the working people. Bai Juyi wrote satirical poems with the purpose of "only singing makes people sick, and I hope that the emperor will know." In this poem, he compares the peasants with himself as a court official with his own personal feelings, hoping that the "son of heaven" will feel something. The technique is clever and euphemistic, which can be described as well-intentioned.
Comment
Bai Juyi is an artistic master who is good at writing narrative poems. His narrative poems are full of human feelings and things, and the events are twists and turns, detailed and beautiful. Moreover, his narrative poems always reveal the soul and contain feelings. In this poem, the poet's mind is obviously shaken by the tragic sight he has heard and seen. He not only vividly depicts the hard work and miserable life scenes of the wheat reapers and the wheat gatherers, but also deeply sympathizes with them between the lines. What is commendable is that the poet reflects on himself and thinks of himself. At that time, it was really rare for poets to take the initiative to compare with farmers. This contrast is novel, alert and thought-provoking, which shows the ideological height of this poem.