Northern frontier fortress in Weinan, Han Dynasty
(1) Overview:
The border war and the difficulty of trying to make mistakes are mainly reflected in her poetry genre Yuefu poetry. Representative works: Chen Lin's Drinking Horses in the Cave of the Great Wall, Zhao Biyan's song Xingbao Dai Ji North Chae Yeon Gate Tour, Eighteen Beats, Poem of Mourning for the Past Xu Ling and Wang Bao's Crossing Hebei.
(2) Chen Lian's Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave:
Drinking cold water from horse bone injury in the Great Wall cave, the so-called Great Wall official, Silent missed Taiyuan and died. For his own process, officials quoted Ning's voice, a man who died in battle, who could build the Great Wall. He went to the three-mile border town again and again. The above books of healthy families and widows' families are all married, so don't keep them. No matter how I treat their new father-in-law, I always read the master's report. Today's frontier Wang Shu tells us what simple language itself is, what is missing in the birth of a son, and how long it takes to nurture a girl. "yes.
The tone of the poet's onlookers and the voice of the border guards are candied at home. In June, you can see not only the Great Wall, but also the bones of the dead. To be a gentleman, contentment is always a pleasure. Knowing the sufferings of frontier fortress, Yu Ji thinks in a feminine tone and tells the sufferings of frontier fortress expedition. Language is concise and clear, a unique concept. It represents the style of a frontier fortress in this period.
Second, the Sui Dynasty frontier fortress
(1) Overview:
Frontier fortress themes are common, and even the headlines of many poets echo frontier fortress from a distance. Poetry schools all recite another recent body quatrain. Although there are few people and no first-class writers, frontier fortress promotes development. Representative Works: Runner-up of Lu Sidao's Army, Dolye Hum.
(2) Analysis of "joining the army":
Seven poems about objects. The cold atmosphere, the Great Wall in the north, and nostalgic women's boudoir emotions are mixed together, and the artistic conception is harmonious and beautiful. The language is elegant and fluent, harmonious and neat.
According to the oasis, Chang 'an flies to Qilian Mountain. The rhinoceros canal is guarded by Liang Jianjiazi and Baimaxia youth. ... Tianya has unlimited skills, and Jimen provides three miles. At the beginning of next year, Wang Xi appeared in Malingsha, changing from the cloud in the Dragon City Array to the original five in the Tianshan Mountain Cloud. The more flowers there are in Guanshan Wanli, who can sit in Fangfeiyue? The ancient wounded horse bones flow and break the human intestinal ice. Changfeng blows on the dock, and owning swallows again and again reflects that the court did not join the army that day, and the court ruled that Wan Li Dragon. Chanyuqiao has worshipped now. Where can the general find fame? "At the beginning of next year, there will be five mountains and ten miles on the snow clouds in Tianshan Mountain." Who can sit in Fangfeiyue? This cuts off the water in the human intestine in order to break the deadlock. Yan Yingri has done it over and over again. When he joined the army, Tao Jun went to Long Ting, Wan Li, and visited Khan Wei Qiao. Where can the general find fame? "
Frontier poems in Tang dynasty
(a) The summary is as follows:
Frontier fortress poetry is the main theme of Tang poetry, with the deepest thought and the richest imagination, and the richest artistic experience for some important frontier life and experienced military life. Writers witnessed their vision writing; Poets' Yuefu has some old problems, such as creating as many participants as possible and renovating a lot of poems. Because the previous generation did not see the four stages of his creation: early Tang, prosperous Tang, prosperous Tang and late Tang, the original frontier poems and more vigorous and vigorous styles were the most artistic. Four Jieluo wrote frontier fortress in the early Tang Dynasty. On the one hand, he opened up frontier fortress themes, including: A frontier fortress scenery, B frontier fortress soldiers' hard life; C. The desire to kill the enemy and make contributions to the country; D. The homesickness of frontier fortress officers and soldiers not only covers the sonorous style of frontier fortress poems in most areas. Since then, other famous poets such as Chen Ziang, Yang Jiong and Du Yu? It is also a standard for composers to create frontier poems.
In the heyday of Tang poetry creation, famous frontier poems appeared, which represented the artistic style of frontier poems represented by poets Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Changling, Li Daqi, Wang Wei, Gao Yan, Cen Can, Bai Xuege and Zou Machuan: vigorous, grand, bold, romantic, tragic and spectacular, except for Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, such as Qu VI of Xia Sai, the battle of the south of the city. The pinnacle of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Since then, everyone has been named in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, but the theme has already begun.
Reasons for the Prosperity of Frontier Poems in Early February
On the one hand, it is a strong border and a highly confident style of the times, stimulating on the other hand, it is the desire to contribute and the curtain system. Ordinary literati joined the army for power. Yang Jiong's poem "Better be a centurion than a scholar." Wang Weishi "forgot his body and left Phoenix Que to serve the country in order to win the Dragon City. A well-read person replaces one of the old windows. " ; Cen Can's poem "Fame can only be gained immediately. Her husband is a hero. "
3. The characteristics of frontier poems are shown in the following four aspects:
(1) There are a wide range of subjects: on the one hand, officers and men who set up military medals and aspirations, the hardships of frontier life and serious and cruel war scenes, on the other hand, the homesickness of officers and men: frontier scenery, frontier geography, ethnic customs and ethnic exchanges. The main theme before.
(2) Smooth and magnificent.
(4) The tone of the style is high. ) There are a wide range of images: Yamato writes pen and paper, magnificent scenery and strange feelings.
(3) Jin Xin's chanting method is a masterpiece.
The chanting style of frontier fortress poetry includes classical poetry, which is a mature and magnificent representative work: "An ancient battle song of Li Daqi" ... camping in castles, rain, snow and even deserts. Hu Yan complained that flying every night made Hu's children cry. "Frontier fortress" Liangzhou pavilion, the late episode of Zhu county magistrate, "the crescent moon rises to hang Chengtou, Chengtou rises to Liangzhou District, and 700,000 conference semifinals half understand the pipa. Pipa intestines, against the wind, the night is long. "
The other matures near the border. Representative works: Wang Changling's Runner-up, Bright Moon in Qin Dynasty and Long March in Han Dynasty. However, dragon flies don't teach Huma to cross Yinshan Mountain. ",Wang Changling's" Joining the Army ","The dusty sky in the desert is faint and red. " The former army fought the Taohe River at night, and the mud shed captured by the newspaper was muddy. Voice, "Flying Man" Baiyun Yellow River is far away from Wan Ren Mountain. Brother Qiang, why do you blame Yangliu? The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass. "Han Liangzhou Ci" wine luminous cup wants to drink pipa immediately. Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. Some people will go back to the ancient expedition. "
(b) Suitable side plugs
Biography:
Yi (70 1-765) is the main creator of frontier poems. His frontier experience is closely related. In the first few years of high fitness life, he was eager to join the army and establish a power party. Write a poem like this: "The northern side of Jimen Bridge is in the vast desert. Rely on the sword dust and generously protect the fire. This ... painting Kirin, South Korea's Mingguang Palace, smiling scribes, refers to poverty. " During the Tianbao period (753), Jun Gao, who was suitable for long-term life, was an experienced runner-up, and wrote many poems and travels, or the relevance of poems to each runner-up.
The characteristics of choosing the appropriate theme corner of Frontier fortress are: observing and analyzing the present situation of the frontier from a political perspective, linking war with national security, considering a wide range of topics with happy people, and having profound thoughts. For example, the turbulent border turmoil expressed concern: "This activity is worried that every gourd will open." "I am disappointed with Sun Wu's affairs, but I am left behind" ("Thistle"). The soldiers bravely and enthusiastically praised: "There are swords and blood for each other, and there will never be a dead end. Qi Gu Xun (Yan Geling) deeply ponders the significance of war: "The Yellow River in Qinghai is no longer against autumn" (hereinafter referred to as "Nine Characters"). Angle, comprehensive Gao Shi's poetry is unique.
2. Poetic style: elegant and awe-inspiring
The predecessors' comments on Gao Shi's The Scholar (Yan Yu's Cang Lang Shi Hua Emotion) are full of confidence, which are all elegant and amazing manners summed up by Tang Dynasty, highlighting the awe-inspiring, theme-oriented and fearless heroism of the tragic spirit, thus having verve and poetic realm.
His poems inherited the emotional style layout and performance comparison of Han and Wei poems, and directly expressed the poet's strong feelings. For example, fame and fortune, "Wanli succeeds or dies." Kirin painting, Mingguang Palace, Korea. " The narrative and lyric works interspersed in Gao Shi's poems are deeper and lifeless. Gao Shi's seven ancient poems are called "different syllables" because of their large poetry capacity, emotional ups and downs and bright and simple images. I am glad to appoint double density to shorten fiber repair and special degree.
Xing appreciation way:
(1) Poetry and creative background: The first chapter of Frontier Poems, one of Yan Gexing's representative works, is also high. Yan Gexing is a genre of Yuefu poetry, which was first written by Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, because this issue is often used to praise the northeast border (Yan State), the painful battlefield and the exploration of thinking about the ancient theme of women's lovesickness poetry. There have been different opinions. Another representative said, is it a compliment or an irony to expose the defeat of Chang Sheng Gui's soldiers and condemn the generals for being arrogant and underestimating their enemies, which led to the failure of the war and caused great pain and sacrifice to the vast number of soldiers? According to the History of China Literature (People's Literature Publishing House), and considering the preface of this poem, we think that this poem is always dedicated to Guangxi, but it was not written entirely in this battle, but in the higher art of Jiyumen to show his deep sympathy for the soldiers.
(2) Poetry Workshop:
The preface introduces the theme and creates friends. "In the twenty-sixth year of Kaiyuan, Marshal returned from an expedition and wrote the poem" Yan Ge Xing "for me. I was guarded by the expedition this morning, so. " In the twenty-sixth year of Kaiyuan, the Ministry has always kept the rules and regulations to defeat the battle, kept your treasure and hid its defeat, and forgot to give play to Ke's strength "(see" Old Tang Book Longevity and Your Biography "BR/& gt；;
The first eight poems summarize the process of setting up soldiers, and the originator of this poem, The Northeast Border of China is filled with smoke and dark, stipulates two directions and the nature of war. The poem "Smoke from the Han Family" and Yu Weijia's resignation from the Han Family have the indomitable meaning of "being a man for officers and men in this rampant enemy-occupied area". "The name of military capability is Xia Yuguan written by Zhuang Jun Gufa 2." The word "flying" vividly describes the military emergency and dangerous war situation. This atmosphere is gradually increasing tension.
Eight fires are about emergencies and failures. The depression of Robi Mountain is extremely marginal, there is no insurance flat area, and it is a cold gas. Jihu town quickly made a decision, like a storm, which came. Korea is not sworn enemies, killing people is uncertain. On the contrary, the joy of poor generals and soldiers' lives vaguely points to the inevitable result of failure. Write about losing the war, tired soldiers, sparse, unknown power, lonely city sunset, decaying grassland, and some bleak scenery of Seth, expressing the feeling of being defeated in death.
The next eight stories about soldiers besieged by war are the portrayal of soldiers' mood in the Woods. Apart from the soldier activities written in Tieyi Jiuzhu, Yu Chopsticks sang Farewell, which is about the sad night of a woman imagined by a female soldier who stayed at home alone, but to what extent did the Bianting Gone? After all, it is futile for soldiers to turn back. "The absolute field is vast, not to mention." The murderous look haunted the soldiers around him, and Diao Dou, who was on the vigil, made a hurried sound, interrupting his homesickness. Yan Geling's poem is the same old tune at first, but the soldiers whose inner life is more complicated than their predecessors render it poetic, which undoubtedly deepens the theme. Who let them despair?
The last four chapters are full of sadness. "Sit up and take notice, blade blood is dead, is by no means JiGuXun? Soldiers fought bloody battles, treated death as death, and rewarded them for their merits. Therefore, this respected poet is quite ironic. The two bitter gourd poets will continue to sigh and say, "Don't you see that the battlefield activities have been carried out by Jews until now? "900 years ago, Li Guang, the general of Wei Zhen in Beifei, cared for the image of soldiers everywhere, which was in sharp contrast with the arrogant general. It is of wide and profound significance for the poet to ask General Li. From Han to Tang, I walked leisurely and learned to run, and there were countless border wars. But like Li Guang, he has to take good care of his soldiers and guard the border, but it is really difficult to find General Li Guang, whose emotions are more powerful and far-reaching.
& ltBR /(3) Evaluation:
First, from the ideological point of view, the poem "Yan Ge Xing" mainly describes the lingering lovesickness of women in Long Fu Temple, which breaks the theme mode of the poem and shows outstanding heroism and tragic emotional problems. Desolate and absolute desert natural environment, comprehensive war atmosphere, and soldiers' complicated and changeable fighting activities combine to form a complex artistic style of poetry creation, which is profound, solemn and stirring.
B's poems have been used many times. From the perspective of performance skills, compare techniques. A long point of view, when the scattered troops in the sky are in sharp contrast to the bleak predicament after the defeat, describes the soldiers' fighting in the Dead Sea in the whole chapter. It is generally assumed that the greed of pets is generally addicted to comparison with the efforts of soldiers. At the end of the year, Li Guang was put forward, as well as the use of comparative tactics between the past and the present. The poem with profound meaning changed from four to one, and it jumped forward and was unrestrained.
(3) Cen Can's frontier poems .../> Living in 1:
Cen Can's frontier poems (7 15-769) are the creator, and his experience is closely related to his army's yearning for meritorious service, which is the main way to become famous in the former army. He wrote this poem: "What about being dissatisfied all day?" Judging from the color of a person's skin, it is strange that it is a man. "(Jiang Chun sighs) General Gai, the real husband, executed Jin Wu on the eve of the trip." (General Tonggai's Military Song); "Fame can only be gained immediately by the husband of a real hero." Since Tianbao Eight (749), Cen Can has won the second place twice. I went to Anxi for the first time as a palm secretary and went to Beiting as a festival judge. After eight years of frontier life experience, he became a frontier fortress.
The characteristics and values of frontier fortress poems are the strangeness of mountains and rivers and the so-called patriotic desire, the strangeness of mountains and rivers, and the poetic images of frontier fortress natural scenery, which are absolutely desolate, vast, solemn and beautiful. Cen Can's poems are warmly praised for their so-called patriotic aspirations and descriptive significance. Frontier officers and soldiers are good at observing and describing his occupation. The common manifestations in poetry are: rich imagination, novel metaphors and reasonable exaggeration, such as the metaphor on the cold knife, the metaphor of Sydney jade and the metaphor of horse peach color, all of which are novel. Exaggeration is more common, such as "Sichuan gravel is as big as a bucket (a lot of" walking around "); The sword is about to break "("Tianshan Snow Song ") is exaggerated. Cen Can, a formal poem, is good at seven-character poems, with large capacity, rich content and great momentum.
2, the exotic poetry style mining
Du Fu once said, "Cen Can brothers are curious." Cen Can's frontier poems are full of romantic flavor, passionate emotion, bold momentum, magnificent scenes, rich imagination and bold language. Write his work "Miracle" to express love and miracle excavation.
(1) Miracle: Strange and magnificent frontier scenery.
For example, write about volcanoes: the mouth of the red pavilion is abrupt, and the volcano may fire clouds are thick. Fire clouds can't condense all over the mountain, and thousands of miles can't take them. I heard that the language of children in Yinshan Lake, the boiling water at the westernmost end seems to be boiling. Seabirds can't fly, and carp is long and fat. Pang Cao often does not rest, splitting the snow in the air. Strict gravel makes Krupp cloud, and boiling waves fry John. ..."
The judges of Paiwu also emphasized that poetry described snow with the miracle of Beijing poets' professional knowledge. Background. Song, pointing to the genre of poetry, Yuefu sent military attaché s to Beijing to write poems on snow as gifts. "The north wind rolls white grass, and there is little snow in the snow at the beginning of Hu Ri Ba Shi, but the wind is the first pass, and the wind is falling, which indicates peace and momentum. In the crisp autumn of August, the snow in the north has already flown a word to convey emotional poems of surprise and curiosity. " Just like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night, and there are ten thousand pears. The snow in the north is actually the spring in the south of the Yangtze River. The breeze and pear blossoms convey the snow-capped spectacular posture to the bright and naive in the cold and desolation. "Suddenly, such as snow is more urgent and nervous. Secondly, the feeling of four strange people writing about snow force is cold. It entered the Pearl venetian blinds, and it was wet with silk curtain and tiger skin, without warm brocade and thin officers and men. The angle bow can't be controlled, which is an effort of iron clothes to keep out the cold. What Han Qi relishes is the "curiosity" of the poet's performance. Then there is an elaborate farewell scene, and the book ends with "the deepening of the sand sea, the gloomy clouds of unfathomable ice and the solidification of Wan Li". Exaggerated ink painting transcends the snow scene of the Great Wall and is more eye-catching. The word "desolation" sets the tone for farewell. After a long time, don't say goodbye to "China army buys wine and drinks, and the erhu, pipa and Qiangdi are happy to send guests to the military gate. I see them." This is also a miracle. The bright red flag is frozen in the cool white, and the red color is in sharp contrast with the warm color. The frozen sign is covered with snow, which forms a bright screen and highlights the feeling of sadness. Luntai county Dongmen Song District June Snow Mountain. The mountains are shaking, but there is no monarch, and the excessive stay of the horse line snow is there. "The footprints of the last snow horseshoe, together with the eyes of an affectionate poet, are drifting away, indicating that the poetic image of" snowflake "is leisurely and endless. In this poem, the poet shows keen observation and sensibility, vigorous brushwork, whether it is a large number of brushwork and detailed outline, whether it is a true description of another romantic imagination, vivid image and unique artistic conception, which reproduces the magnificent natural scenery in the frontier.
(2) Strange situation: Hard military life is full of passion and generosity.
Take the Biography of Zouma as an example. The Biography of Zouma was written by the poet He Anxi in the North Pavilion to pay homage to the Bai Yanghe in the Biography of Zouma written by Tang Luntai, a judge. The upcoming seal doctor examines the seal evergreen expedition. This poem is an extension of his poem, focusing on the tense scene of marching in the wind at night after a long journey. The first part of the poem, "don't you understand that when you travel by the snowy sea, the vast yellow sand rises in the air?" On the night of the ninth month, there was a cold wind blowing on the wheel tower, and the valley was full of broken boulders like pecking measures, and stones that were blown around by the wind. "Roaring flat sand, windy night, and flying gravel environment. The second part of the poem, "Xiongnu grass is fat, and the smoke flies to the west of Jinshan to see the general of Han, and the general of the west apprentice, Jin Jia night, and the army road and Ge phase are reversed at midnight, and the limelight is like a knife." The high morale of the frontier guards marched long distances against the wind at night, and compared with the poems of the environment, the last part of the horse mane was evaporated with sweat. Wuhua even guarded the rotating ice curtain on Caoxi North Road. Liu Qiwen dares to deter, but soldiers with major weaknesses dare not take it, so they are trained by the East and the West to queue up in heaven. "The hard marching life and Tang Jun's high-spirited belief in winning have formed an exaggerated environment and harsh climate in the poem, and the strong contrast between the high fighting spirit and fearless spirit of the whole army is in contrast with the scene in the poem: the yellow sand is all over the sky, the wind and stones are walking, the wind knives are facing, and the horse sweat is condensed, which is unique and full of heroic feelings.
On the poetic art of Riding and Walking in Sichuan;
First, the poet's writing skills, grasp of the typical environment and details. A trip to Sichuan begins with the word "wind" and describes the sinister environment of exploration. "Pingsha is a vast yellow sky, which is a typical day. The absolute domain name sandstorm landscape begins with the word wind, but it captures the color, sculpture and strong wind of the wind. " The birth of "Cold Blowing on the September Night of the Wheel Tower" opened up the wind of the Dark Society, which was full of colors during the day and looked at the wind at night, and the wind roared. Describe the wind, and then the stones on the side, as big as fighting wind, outline such a bad and violent wind environment. Tang Jun and the soldiers went out against the wind, and the writing of "The General's Shining Armor at Night" was closed, and the task was heavy. Send your soldiers forward with the click of weapons! S reply "Ge Xiang calls back to write something about cleaning up the military capacity" is like a knife, the surface is like cutting, and the feeling of marching is like cutting. Even the war horse felt the tension of the battle, "steaming and spinning."
The ice horse condenses water, not sweat, but the contrast after condensation indicates the poet's careful observation, and readers will naturally think: Who else can oppose this army?
B's poems are also good, exaggerating the hard and harsh climate environment, thus comparing the horns of the patriotic enthusiasm of officers and men. ....../a & gt；
C. From the point of view of sentences, strange rhymes return to strange ones. Every sentence with three rhymes is divided into three rhymes, forming a curved syllable as hot as a syllable, forming a fierce and fast rhythm, as if fighting and marching.
Aesthetic style of frontier fortress poems
Through the above analysis, we can sum up the aesthetic style of frontier fortress poems, which includes majestic, bold, romantic, tragic and spectacular.
The masculine beauty of frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Frontier poems, on the one hand, show the cruelty of the way of war, the harsh environment, the soldiers first, half of life and death, "the battle of gold puts on shining armor" and "the lonely city fights at sunset" through exaggerated contrast, but on the other hand, the frontier war is more prominent and rushes out of great spiritual strength. Strong will and a battlefield to win the reputation of defending the country's pride, ambition and confidence. "The unbroken Loulan is not the end"; "I would like to go to the waist sword, but I have already beheaded Loulan." "Look at the blood of the knife, it won't die: Qi Gu Xun." Standing on the opposite sides of these two fields, even the tension generated by such a United and antagonistic poem will never die out. That poem full of lofty feelings will become the strongest voice in rural China, when you are at leisure. BR/>； return