1, image:
(1) Accurately grasping the imagery of poetry is very important for appreciating poetry. Only by truly understanding the image of poetry can we deeply understand the feelings expressed in poetry and further understand the theme of poetry.
(2) Different from the images created by novels and dramas, the artistic image created by poetry pays more attention to the image of "God", that is, the image of inner spirit. Although narrative poetry has a relatively complete story, it also uses the development process of contradictions and conflicts to describe characters, shape typical characters and reflect real life, but the special requirements of poetry form determine the characteristics of poetic images deliberately seeking "God". Lyrics are often a true portrayal of the poet's inner world. There are also rich images and diverse artistic conception in classical poetry, which is the result of the harmony and unity of the writer's thoughts and feelings and the life picture of his works, and also the deliberate pursuit of "God".
(3) There are many ways to create images in poetry, which can be described directly or indirectly: they can be sketched or highlighted; Can according to the moon, can also be light dye; You can also create an image through imagination and association.
2. Language:
(1) Pay attention to carefully scrutinizing sentences from language points: ① Master flexible use, such as "where the petals have fallen like tears, and the lonely bird has sang mourning" and "splash" and "surprise". Pay attention to intertextuality, such as "Smoke Cage Cold Water Moon Cage Sand". (3) make up for "frugality", such as "bitterness, bitterness and complexity". (4) restore the word order, such as "the laundry girl returns to the bamboo songs, and the lotus leaves are collected before the fishing boat".
(2) From the perspective of refining the meaning of words, we should pay attention to "the eye of poetry" and "the eye of words", such as "bit" and "spray" in Sitting and watching the dark clouds holding heavy rain (Rain on the Stream in Cui Daorong) and "Clouds Breaking the Moon" (Fairy in Zhang Xian).
(3) Attention should be paid to mastering the different language styles of different writers: Tao Yuanming's lightness and naturalness, Wang Wei's freshness and elegance, Li Bai's boldness and elegance, Du Fu's depression and frustration, Su Shi's heroic and broad-minded, Lu You's tragic and sorrowful, Li Qingzhao's tender and meaningful, Xin Qiji's vigorous and sad, and so on.
3, expression skills:
(1) Expression techniques: either holding things to express ideas, or blending scenes, or associating imagination, or seeing the big from the small, or combining the virtual with the real, or combining the static with the dynamic.
(2) Expression techniques: narrative, description, discussion and lyricism, each with its own strong points: the narrative process is clear, the description highlights the image, and the discussion and lyricism point out the theme of the poem. Lyrics include direct expression of ideas and indirect lyricism. Indirect lyricism is often manifested as lyricism with objects, lyricism with scenery, lyricism with objects and lyricism with scenery.
(3) Rhetorical methods: metaphor, analogy, metonymy, exaggeration, repetition, rhetorical question, antithesis, etc.
(4) allusion: allusion is a common artistic technique in ancient poetry. Poetry allusion can be divided into two situations: allusion and event allusion: quotation from predecessors' classics or slight modification according to the original words is called allusion; Quoting a historical fact that is highly summarized is called a story. Poetry classics can often achieve the effect of enriching the language and transforming it into a new language. We should pay attention to the original meaning of allusions in order to try to find out the "contextual meaning" of allusions
Second, evaluate the ideological content of ancient poetry.
(1) "Evaluating the ideological content of ancient poetry" refers to analyzing, synthesizing, sorting out and commenting on the ideological tendency of ancient poetry, the author's theme, the emotional tone in the works, the ideological significance of the works, the social value and the value of the times.
(2) To evaluate the ideological content of ancient poetry, we can generally start from the following three aspects: ① Understanding political inclination (including political stance, political viewpoint, political attitude, etc. ) included in the work. (2) Distinguish the types of emotional triggers (or social, life or natural triggers) of works. Explore the ideological connotation of the work (or understand the ideological value of the work in combination with the social background at that time, or understand the relationship between the work and its whole ideological system in combination with the author's identity, life experience and thoughts, or understand the author's ideological opinions, ideological beliefs and personality beliefs in combination with the content of the work, or understand the practical significance of the work to today's society in combination with the content of the work. ).
(3) When evaluating the ideological content of ancient poetry, we should pay attention to: (1) Look for the meaning of poetry from the overall atmosphere created by the imagery and artistic conception of poetry, and understand the emotional tone of the author. ② Pay attention to the figurative and symbolic meanings of images, and deeply understand the thoughts and feelings of poetry. ③ Pay attention to understanding the thoughts and feelings of poetry in combination with the characteristics of the poet's times (style of the times, cultural trend of thought, aesthetic taste, etc.). (4) Pay attention to the poet's ideal interest and life experience. To understand the feelings of poetry, we should be good at mobilizing the existing cognitive content in the poet's life to help understand specific poems. ⑤ Pay attention to combining the style and genre of the poet's poems to understand the thoughts and feelings of the poems.