Su Shi, a late scene of the riverside in Hui Chong (Northern Song Dynasty), was a duck prophet with three peach blossoms outside the bamboo. Artemisia selengensis (lóu hāo) is full of short reed buds, which is the time when the puffer fish wants to go up.
Su Shi's "Two Night Scenes by the Huichong River" is often quoted only by later generations, forgetting that there are still four sentences behind it: the couple will return to the north even if they are reluctant to part. Before flying to the north, I knew that it was snowy in the desert in the north, or the south that spent most of the Spring Festival in the south. This is a poem. Hui Chong's Night Scene on the Spring River has not been handed down, but from Su Shi's poems, we can think about it: a bamboo forest, three or two peach blossoms, a river, several ducks, the river bank is covered with Artemisia, the reed bud has just broken ground, and two flowers are blooming in the sky. The puffer fish is invisible, but the greedy Su Shi is thinking: It's time for the puffer fish to come up. Stewed with Artemisia selengensis and reed buds is much fresher than Dongpo meat. As one of the "Nine Poets" in the early Song Dynasty, Hui Chong is different from Su Shi. Su Shi only saw his paintings, but not his people. This monk is good at painting and poetry, especially at painting water towns, and put a few birds and beasts on it, which is called "Hui Chong Xiaojing". Wang Anshi appreciates his paintings very much. In Hui Chong, a monk who just left school, painting should be poetry, he praised: "There are many paintings, especially in Hui Chong's later years." I only read Tang poetry in Ming and Qing dynasties, not Song poetry. Mao Xiling, a great scholar and poet in the Kangxi period, criticized Su Shi's poems and said, "The ducks must know the water heating in the spring river, but the geese don't know it?" The old man is a bit annoying. Spring river plumbing, of course, geese know. Song people also have a poem "Spring comes to the world, plants and trees know". This is a poem. Maybe there are no geese on it. However, Mao Xiling didn't just have a hard time with Su Shi. He likes nobody. When he was reading Zhu, he had to put Zhu the Scarecrow beside him. When he sees where he is wrong, he wants to beat and scold, and he wants this scarecrow Zhu Xi to admit his mistake. It's polite enough for Su Shi.
Hui Chong, a native of Jianyang, Fujian, was one of the nine eminent monks in the Northern Song Dynasty. Wang Anshi said that he had "unique skills" ("Painting Poems in Spring"), and Guo, a famous painting historian in China, said that he "painted geese, geese and egrets, especially small scenes, and was good at making distant scenes in the cold river. It is difficult for people to reach the empty scenery (Picture and Experience, Volume 4). It can be seen that Hui Chong's paintings were well-known for a period of time, and The Evening Scene of the Spring River (Qian Zhongshu's Notes on Selected Poems of Song Dynasty as Xiaojing) should be his masterpiece. Hui Chong's original painting has been lost, but from the vivid description of the poet, we can think of this painting. Chao Bu Zhi, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, said: "Poetry conveys the meaning of painting, and there is a realm of painting." The beauty of Su Shi's poetry is that it can not only write "the realm in painting" but also convey "the meaning outside painting", so that poetry and painting can be perfectly combined. No wonder Ji Yun, a great genius in the Qing Dynasty, exclaimed when reading this poem: "This is a famous article, and the image is wonderful!" (Ji Yun's "Su Wenzhong's Poetry Review", Volume 26) The first sentence of the poem is "There are three or two peach blossoms outside the bamboo". On the quiet river bank, green bamboos are dripping, and the green bamboo leaves are dotted with three or two peach blossoms. Peach blossoms outside the bamboo, red and green set each other off, and they are on the verge of exploding, vividly expressing the artistic conception of "peach blossoms welcoming the spring" with flowers and bamboo interlaced and red and green set each other off. Peach blossom indicates spring, and spring is coming. Only three or two peach blossoms indicate that the season is actually early spring. The second sentence of the poem, "Duck Prophet of Spring River Plumbing", has a vision from far to near, that is, from the river bank to the river surface. Spring water is rippling on the river, and active ducks are playing on the river. The silhouette of "Duck Prophet" shows that the spring water is still slightly chilly, so other animals are not sensitive to the arrival of spring, which echoes the peach blossom "three or two branches" in the first sentence and indicates the early spring season. This poetic sentence uses a Tang poem: Meng Jiao "What is the most prophetic? Xu Xucao struggled out "(after the spring rain), Du Mu (Xu Hun)," Pugen water warms the geese at the beginning, and the plum-diameter fragrant cold bees are unknown "(boat trips in early spring). Su Shi, who is ignorant of the past, combined the intention of his predecessors' poems with his own observation and refined this quip. "A duck knows how to warm water", which appeals to emotion and imagination, is difficult to convey in the picture, but the poet expresses this point in his poems by putting himself in others' shoes. Ducks swimming freely in the river are the first to feel the temperature rise of the spring water, and the tactile impression of "warmth" complements the visual impression of the spring water in the picture. Ducks can "predict the heating of springs" because they live in water all the year round. As long as the river doesn't freeze, they always jump into the water to play. Therefore, it is these ducks, which are closely related to water, who are the first to know the water temperature changes in the Chunjiang River. This shows that you have to go through everything to have a true feeling. This poem not only reflects the poet's careful observation of nature, but also reflects the poet's philosophical thinking about life. Ducks know that the spring river is warm when they enter the water, which can be compared with "a leaf falls, and the world is autumn". It is reasonable to know each other. There are three or four sentences in the poem: "Artemisia is full of reeds and short buds, which is the time when the puffer fish wants to go up." These two sentences are closely related to Early Spring. Artemisia selengensis and dwarf reed buds are yellow and green, gorgeous and charming, showing a scene of spring and prosperity. The puffer fish wants to go up, which makes use of the characteristic that puffer fish only go upstream when the spring river warms up, and further highlights the word "spring". This is something that is not in the picture, and it is difficult to reach with a brush, but the poet successfully "looks like the present" and injects the breath and vitality of spring into the whole picture. Wang Shizhen said in's Poems on Yu Yang: "In the poem, the short reed buds on the ground are the time when the puffer fish want to go up." The puffer fish eat Artemisia, which is not only charming, but also fat, just as in Mei's poem, "Spring buds are born in spring and poplars fly on the spring shore". Regarding the seasonal flavor of puffer fish, Ouyang Xiu's Poems on June 1 said: "Puffer fish often swim in the water at dusk in spring, eating catkins and getting fat. Southerners often divide soup with buds, and the clouds are the most beautiful. "Zhang Lei, a student of Su Shi, also recorded in Ming Dow magazine that the Yangtze natives eat puffer fish, but they cook it with Artemisia selengensis and bamboo shoots, that is, reed bracts and leeks, and think that these three kinds are the best match with puffer fish. This shows that Su Shi's association is well-founded and natural. This is also the beauty of poetry. Although the picture does not describe the action of the puffer fish, the poet knows that "the puffer fish is eager to go up" from the crazy growth of Artemisia selengensis and the germination of reeds, thus drawing the image of dolphins going up along the river in the Chunjiang River, supplementing the reality with imaginary reality. It is through this kind of pen and ink that Su Shi transformed the silent and still picture into a lively poetic scene. Let readers see, hear and feel what they can't get from the picture. In Su Shi's eyes, this painting is no longer a plane static picture on paper in the frame, but gives people a profound experience and subtle observation of ecology. The former is picturesque and the latter is realistic, and the two are confused. I don't know which is the picturesque scene and which is the real scene. The poet's artistic association broadens the world beyond the field of vision expressed by painting, and makes poetry and painting combine perfectly. The Night Scene of the Spring River in Hui Chong successfully depicts the scenery of the Spring River in early spring. Su Shi, with his meticulous and keen feelings, captured the characteristics of the scenery when the seasons changed and expressed his joy and praise for the early spring. The whole poem is full of the breath and vitality of spring, giving people a fresh and comfortable feeling. Su Shi, a poet, put forward "Poetry and painting are of the same origin, striving for perfection, fresh and refined" (two branches of paintings in the main book of Yanling King in Shu) and "There are paintings in poems and poems in paintings" (Volume 5 of Dongpo's Inscription and Postscript, Clouds and Rain in Lantian, Ma Shu), which was well verified in his poem Night Scene by the Hui Chong River.
Langtaosha
The past is only sad, but it is difficult to arrange the scenery. Moss invaded the courtyard in the autumn wind. If a bead curtain is idle, who will come all day? The golden lock has been buried and is extremely strong. On a cool night, the moonlight blooms. I want to see the shadow of Yuta Yao Temple, and the sky shines on Qinhuai.
This word is used to express the claustrophobic mood after entering the Song Dynasty. "The past is just sad" means that you are sad when you think of the past, not that you think of the sad past. After my late Lord was captured into the Song Dynasty, he has been obsessed with the "past" of his old country. The word "Yu Meiren" means "how much was known in the past"; The word "Bodhisattva Man" says that "the past has become empty", which shows that his "past" refers to the happy past. Now everyone is sad, so it's even sadder to think of once happiness. At first, it reveals a happy sense of loss, and then it shows a heavy sense of loneliness. The yard is covered with moss, which shows that the environment is extremely desolate and cold. The room is also lifeless. The bead curtain does not roll, which is neither unattended nor unintentional. Outdoor desolate, heartbreaking, it is better to stay indoors to kill time. Can be locked in a room for a long time, the inner loneliness can not be resolved. He is looking forward to people coming, looking forward to communicating and talking with people, but he has been waiting for "a whole day", and no one has come, and no one dares to come. According to Wang Luo's memoirs in the Song Dynasty, the late master kept an "old pawn guarding the door" every day in Kaifeng, Bianjing, and "deliberately forbade him to meet outsiders". Li Yu is a prisoner under house arrest in Bianjing. He knows that no one wants to visit and no one dares to visit, but he just says "Who will come" all day. He expects in disappointment and despairs in expectation. This is Li Houzhu's mentality. Li Yu, who lives in extreme loneliness, the best way to pass the time and relieve depression is to recall the past. Jin Jian was buried in the ruins, its vitality was suppressed in the weeds, and the opportunity and possibility of restoring the country were completely gone, so it had to be appointed! Take it one day at a time! The first one was written during the day, and the second one was written at night. The evening is cool and quiet, and the moonlight is bright. The whole realm of the word is a little bright, and the hero's mood is also pleasant. But this moon is no longer the moon in my hometown. It's just that Rainbow said in Ode to the Building during the period of Jian 'an Remnant that "although he believes in beauty, he lives in my land". So he thought of the palace in the moonlight by the Qinhuai River in his hometown from the moon. However, I don't own the Jade House and Yaodian, and no matter how bright the bright moon shines, it can only increase sadness. The late Lord was always so attached to the past that his old country became a complex he could not solve. The old country complex is a major theme in his later poems, and it is also a tonic for him to spend his lonely time. But the old country complex can't alleviate the humiliation and pain in my heart. He killed time by recalling the past. But once you return to reality from the past, it will be painful. In this way, the late Lord fell into an unsolvable psychological cycle.
There is a glimmer of green in an old bottle. Give my friend Liu a suggestion. There is a hint of red in the quiet stove. With dusk and snow coming, how about a glass of wine?
Liu Shijiu was a friend of the author when he was in Jiangzhou, and the author wrote a song "Liu Shijiu Sleeps Together", saying that he was Chu Shi of Songyang. The whole poem describes the poet inviting friends to drink on a snowy night, and * * * speaks his mind. There are only twenty crosses, no profound sustenance, no gorgeous rhetoric, but between the lines, there are warm and cheerful colors and warm and warm friendship, showing warm and spring-like poetry. The cleverness of poetry is first of all the careful choice and clever arrangement of images. The expression of the whole poem mainly depends on the combination of three images (new wine, stove and sunset snow). In the phrase "new wine in old bottles". Because the wine is newly brewed and unfiltered, the wine surface is covered with wine residue foam, slightly green and as small as an ant, so it is called "green ant". The first sentence of the poem describes the light green, turbid and rough home-brewed rice wine, which is easy to arouse readers' association and makes readers seem to see the fragrant and sweet rice wine. The second sentence, "There is a red commotion in a quiet stove", is a simple and warm stove, and the fire is burning red. The poet sat around the fire, and the blazing fire lit up the house at dusk and the home brew with green foam. "A quiet stove stirs red" plays a role in rendering colors and setting off the atmosphere for the drinking environment. The wine is already very attractive, and the fire adds a warm atmosphere. The first sentence and the second sentence of the poem use two images of "home wine" and "small stove", which are very germinal and suggestive, and are easy to arouse readers' association with simple and authentic rural life. The last two sentences: "It feels like snow outside at dusk. How about a glass of wine inside?"? ? "In such a cold and snowy winter, in such a twilight leisure time, inviting old friends to drink and catch up with the past shows the poet's deep friendship. The arrangement of the image of "snow" outlines the broad background of friends gathering and drinking. The cold wind is rustling and the snowflakes are fluttering, which makes people feel cold and cold. The more so, the more it can reflect the fiery stove and the preciousness of friendship. The three images of "home wine", "small stove" and "falling clouds and snow" are separated and isolated, which seems bland and has no lasting appeal. However, when these three images are integrated into the overall organizational structure full of poetic situations, readers will feel a charm, realm and sentiment that is not a single image but depends on the overall organization. Winter, dusk, snowstorm, new wine, fire has been lit. Only when friends arrive early can the three images become a colorful, tangible and affectionate picture, which is filled with the warmth of friendship and the fragrance of human nature. Secondly, the reasonable collocation of colors. Poetry and painting are connected by affection. Although poets can't reproduce colors intuitively like sculptors and painters, they can arouse readers' corresponding associations and emotional experiences through creative language use. This poem is very distinctive in color configuration, fresh and simple, warm and bright, giving readers an immersive feeling, pleasing to the eye and pleasing to the eye. The word "green ant" in the first sentence of the poem describes the color of the wine, which is fragrant and makes people say that it is beautiful, and the vivid state of the wine makes readers feel "dazzling". The word "red" in the second sentence, like a fire in winter, warms people's bodies and hearts. The word "fire" shows the scene of burning charcoal and dancing with light and shadow, which can add infinite heat to people in cold winter. "Red" and "green" set each other off, full of color and flavor, warm atmosphere and pleasant mood. There is no need to copy the color in the third sentence, but the words "late" and "snow" tell readers that the black night curtain has landed and white snow is coming. Under the background of the vast snowy night, the "green" wine and "red" stove in the hut are in harmony, which is extremely eye-catching and particularly warm. Finally, the use of ending questions. "How about a glass of wine inside?" Speak out of turn, ask questions, be close to your heart and be full of true feelings. Ending the poem with such spoken language not only increases the charm of the whole poem, but also makes it have the beauty of ethereal swaying and wonderful aftertaste; It also creates a situation, leaving readers with endless imagination space. Poets may deliberately prepare newly cooked home brew to entertain friends, or occasionally use it to drive away loneliness and desolation; It may be the memory of the warmth of friends on a snowy night, or the frequent visits between friends on weekdays. And these are all left to the imagination of readers. The whole poem, the words are shallow and affectionate, and the words are short and long. Bai Juyi is good at discovering poetry in life, refining poetry in life with his heart, and reflecting the spring scenery in human nature with poetry, which makes readers emotional. A suggestion for my friend Liu. Poetry is rendered layer by layer when it comes to key points, but it no longer has aftertaste because of rendering, on the contrary, it is still very rich. After reading the last sentence, "How about a glass of wine inside?" As you can imagine, Liu 19 will take a ride immediately after receiving Bai Juyi's poems. So, two friends around the stove, "get carried away" to pour the newly brewed wine. Maybe it's really snowing outside, but it's so warm and bright indoors. Life rises at this moment, emitting a sweet and harmonious melody ... these are the associations that poetry naturally leaves for people. Because it is both exaggerated and concise, it is not only attractive, but also intriguing. What makes people slightly drunk is not thin wine, but mellow mash, which can make people really intoxicated physically and mentally. Poetry contains the breath of life, and it is a wonderful chapter without any carving.
The teenager who picked mulberry trees in the middle wall of Boshan Road didn't know the taste of sorrow and fell in love with the floor. Fall in love with the floor and worry about adding new words. Now that I know what it's like to worry, I want to talk about it. I want to say I'd better have a rest, but I said it's cold and autumn.
This is a sentence written by Xin Qiji when he was impeached and left his post and lived in seclusion with the lake. During his stay by the lake, he wandered around Boshan Road, but he was not interested in enjoying the local scenery. Seeing more and more national affairs, I can't do anything about it, and I can't get rid of my worries. So I wrote this sentence on a wall of Boshan Road. In this poem, the author highlights the word "worry" as a clue throughout the whole article by means of contrast, which is sincere and euphemistic, simple and profound, and memorable. The first film of the word focuses on recalling the sadness of not knowing yourself when you were a teenager. When I was a teenager, I was young and ignorant, optimistic and confident, and I still lacked a real experience of what people often said about "troubles." The first sentence "A teenager doesn't know the taste of sorrow" is the core of the last film. Xin Qiji grew up in the enemy-occupied area of Central Plains. As a teenager, he not only experienced the sufferings of the people, but also witnessed the cruelty of the Jin people. At the same time, he was greatly encouraged by the heroic struggle spirit of the people in the north. He not only has the courage and talent to resist national rejuvenation, but also believes that the Central Plains can be recovered and the Jin invaders can be driven away. So, he doesn't know what "worry" is. In order to imitate the previous generation of writers and express a little so-called "sadness", he "fell in love with the floor" and looked for it carefree. The author used two words in succession "fall in love with the floor". The use of this overlapping sentence avoids general description, but effectively leads to the following content. The former sentence "falling in love with the first floor" and the first sentence constitute a causal complex sentence, which means that the author didn't know what sorrow was when he was young, so he liked to go upstairs to entertain himself. There is a causal relationship between "falling in love with the building" and "saying sorrow for adding new words" in the back, that is, falling in love with the high-rise building triggered poetic interest, and at that time, I had to reluctantly say something like "melancholy" when I didn't know the taste of sorrow. The use of this kind of overlapping sentence links two different levels and expresses the idea of "I don't know how to worry" in the last movie to the fullest. The next paragraph of the word focuses on your current troubles. The author pays attention to the comparison with the previous works everywhere, showing that with the growth of age, his life experience is getting deeper and deeper, and he has a real understanding of the word "trouble". The author went to the Southern Song Dynasty with the desire to serve the country to the death, and wanted to work together with the Southern Song regime to build and restore the great cause. Who knows, the Southern Song regime could not resist him. Not only did he have no way to serve the country, but he also ended up in a secluded position. "He is loyal and has nowhere to vent his anger." The sadness and pain in his heart can be imagined. The word "gold" here is very powerful and contains many complicated feelings of the author, thus completing a major turning point in the whole poem's thoughts and feelings. Then, the author used two more sentences "I want to talk about it", which are still in the form of overlapping sentences and echo each other in structure and usage. These two sentences "I want to talk about it" have two different meanings. The previous sentence is followed by the word "do" in the previous sentence. In real life, people's emotions, such as emotions, joys and sorrows, are often complementary to each other. Extreme happiness becomes latent sadness, and deep sadness becomes self-mockery. In the past, the author insisted on worrying, but now he is worried to nothing. The last sentence "what I want to say" is closely linked with the following sentence. Because, the sadness in the author's chest is not personal parting, but sorrow when he is worried about his country and hurts it. At that time, it was taboo to express this concern when the capitulators controlled state affairs. Therefore, the author can't say it directly here, so he has to turn to the weather, "autumn is crisp." The end of this sentence seems to be an understatement, but in fact it is very implicit, which fully expresses the depth and breadth of the first poem of the author Xin Qiji's Trouble. Through the comparison between "teenager" and "now", it shows his pain of being suppressed, excluded and unable to serve the country, which is a satire and dissatisfaction with the ruling group in the Southern Song Dynasty. In terms of artistic techniques, "youth" is the object, "present" is the subject, and the past is used to set off the present. The writing technique is also very clever, highlighting the deep sadness of today and having a strong artistic effect.
Looking at Dongting Lake in the distance, the light and the moon complement each other, and there is no wind mirror on the pool surface. Look at the Dongting landscape. There is a green snail in the silver plate.
This is a landscape poem written by the poet looking at Dongting Lake, which is clear and meaningful. The first sentence is about the blending of water, light and moonlight, which shows the breadth and distance of the lake. This should be the scene at dusk. It is not dark yet, but the moon has come out. If it is dark, you can't see the fusion of the two colors. The second sentence uses the metaphor of a mirror to show the calm of the lake at night, because the sun has set and the lake is not reflective, just like a mirror is dull without polishing. The third sentence is about the green of Junshan Mountain in Wangyuan Lake. The "landscape" here actually refers to the mountain, that is, Junshan in the lake. The usage of "scenery" belongs to the usage of "compound words with partial meanings" in ancient Chinese. The fourth sentence uses another metaphor, comparing Junshan floating in the water to a green snail on a silver plate. The whole poem is pure scenery, detailed description, vivid metaphor and interesting reading. Dongting Lake is crystal clear under the bright moon in autumn. It is an ethereal, ethereal, quiet and harmonious realm, just like Qiongtian met. This is the poetry contained in the sentence "the lake and the moon are in harmony". The word "harmony" has been refined, showing a harmonious picture of water and sky, jade and dust-free, and it seems to convey to readers the rhythm of a water town night-the rhythm of moonlight rippling and lake huffing and puffing. Next, the lake is described as calm and misty, like an unpolished bronze mirror. The word "the mirror is not polished" vividly and aptly shows the peaceful and gentle scene of a thousand miles of caves, and there is a hazy beauty in the moonlight. "There is no wind on the surface of the pool, and the mirror is not polished" complements the poem "moonlight on the lake" with vivid metaphors. Because only "there is no wind on the pool surface", the water waves are calm, and the lake and the moon can be coordinated. Otherwise, the lake is noisy and the waves are empty, and the lake light and autumn moon are not interesting, so there will be no "two-phase harmony". The poet's sight focused on Junshan from the vast Pinghu. In Yin Hui under the bright moon, Dongting Mountain is greener, Dongting water is clearer and the mountains and rivers are integrated. It looks like a small green snail in a carved silver plate, which is very attractive. Three or four poems are rich in imagination, appropriate in metaphor and elegant in style. Silver plates and green snails complement each other. The autumn moon Dongting landscape described by the poet has become a fine treasure of arts and crafts, giving people great artistic enjoyment. "Green snail in a silver plate" is really an incredible punch line. But its superiority is not only manifested in the cleverness of the police, but also in its magnanimity and its lofty and wonderful feelings. In the poet's eyes, a thousand miles of Dongting is just a mirror and a cup and plate on the case. It is very rare to lift weights lightly, the pool is natural and unpretentious. It is a reflection of the author's personality, sentiment and aesthetic taste to express the relationship between man and nature so cordially and to describe the lakes and mountains so broadly and clearly. It is difficult to write without thinking about octupole and being satisfied with the spirit of mustard seed, and without the embrace of nirvana. It is rare to see the poet's romantic whimsy in a landscape poem. Only by sincere observation can we understand the feelings of this poem.