Du Fu
Riding a horse is like riding a boat.
Dizzy, fell into the well and slept underwater.
Ruyang's three fights began in the sky,
The road drools at the corner of the car.
I wish I could not move the capital to Jiuquan.
It takes thousands of dollars for Zuo Xiang to get rich.
Drinking like a whale,
The musical saint in the cup is called avoiding sages.
A handsome and beautiful boy,
Look at the sky with white eyes,
As bright as Yushu before the wind.
Embroidered Buddha for a long time before Su Jinzhai,
When you are drunk, you often love to escape Zen.
Li Bai has a hundred poems,
Go to sleep in a restaurant in Chang 'an,
When the emperor called, he didn't get on the boat.
Call myself Brewmaster.
Three cups of grass in Zhang Xu,
Before you take off your hat and show your head,
Waving paper like a cloud.
Five buckets of rice with scorched ears are outstanding,
Talk a lot, and your eloquence will surprise you.
Song of Eight Immortals Drinking is a unique and distinctive "portrait poem". Eight Brewmaster were contemporaries and all lived in Chang 'an. They are very similar in drinking, both generous and open-minded. The poet wrote them into a poem with refined language and characters' brushstrokes, forming a vivid group image.
words explanation
What do you mean, poet?
Jiao: white.
Outstanding: describes the refreshing and extraordinary appearance after drinking.
Four banquets: four seats.
Comment and analysis
Text/Sun Qiuyi
Du Fu's poems are mostly emotional, especially in his important works.
If we don't study the artistic features of Du Fu's poems from this standpoint, there will inevitably be a complicated clue, and many artistic techniques in his poems will not be sorted out.
Looking at Lao Du's five-character novels and narrative works, which are praised as epics by later generations, it can be clearly seen that when he chose emotional tone and poetic focus, he just began to describe events concisely with his infinite emotional tone. In addition to paying attention to the tempering of words, he no longer draws more or uses more images (bi xing), but uses special fu (narrative), which increases poetry. The author's deep affection has obviously penetrated into the reader's feelings, but there is no way to find their traces between the lines, as Yan Canglang said: "Antelope hangs on the corner, elephant crosses the river." For example, the phrase "the wine in Zhumen stinks and the bones on the road freeze to death" is not carved, but expresses his feelings with infinite emotion. If you want to find the words method, syntax and skill in this cross, there is no trace to be found. This made many people admire Du Fu's poems "coming out through paper". But this is still the theory of "only knowing what it is, not knowing why". This kind of artistic expression of affectionate but calm narration is naturally unique and should be said to be a major feature of Du Fu's poems.
When appreciating the song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking, only by closely surrounding the author's inner "admiration" can we read poetry without distorting the original intention.
The author's reverence and admiration for the eight characters in the poem, even with some complicated pity, only controls and determines the number of words and sentences in the language based on the fluctuation rhythm of his admiration mood, and should not pretend to be the rank of eight people in Du Fu's eyes by the number of sentences. When appreciating these characters, the author not only starts from the characteristics of each person, but also completely dominates the dumping mood, and distinguishes the same appreciation from rhythm and change with a slightly different appreciation tone. This is not only an excellent poem in art, but also a magical technique. With his high generalization ability, he selected the most typical details of the characters, did not hesitate to destroy the regularity of poetry, did not avoid rhyme, and did not use any metonymic words, so that eight typical examples were arranged orderly and in one go. As far as a short poem depicts eight cute words, Du Fu's works have their own power to turn the tide.
The artistic feature of Du Fu's poems is emotion, which is determined by his times and bumpy life. He is in the next position and has insight into the world, especially wandering in the lake and sea in his later years, which makes him feel sorry for others and sometimes haunted by the past. These feelings permeate the tears of life, ripple in the heart of wisdom and kindness, and become a beautiful place in Zhong Ling between heaven and earth.
Du Fu's fascination with these Brewmaster comes from his love-hate relationship formed in his life experience. Those bitter years, human grief and indignation, condensed clear love and hate in his honest heart, guiding him to continue on the extremely difficult road full of thorns. This poem is exactly what he lamented and admired with sincere feelings for these people who had to be favored because of their identification with life.
Only fourteen words, including the name, conveyed the spirit of He. Although there are few languages. He Zhi's drunkenness is "awesome", but it is vivid. The beauty lies in telling the story directly, without praise or criticism. Based on the word 14, we can see that he is not only riding a horse after drinking, but also wants to fall. For example, in the painting, his smugness is beyond words, and the author's admiration is beyond words.
Whether Zhang Zhi really got drunk and dazzled and fell asleep at the bottom of the well can be ignored. Because poetry is art, not history. In art, it is a common practice to use hearsay or exaggerated language to shape a distinctive personality to convey the spirit. These two poems just want to write about the calm mentality of "if you have to drink, you can't talk about life and death".
He is an outspoken figure who is not bound by fame and fortune. He has a pure heart that has never been contaminated with the world of mortals in Chang 'an. His love of drinking, like the other seven people (certainly not those vulgar people with empty minds and gluttony), only guards the lofty spirit in his heart in the illusion caused by alcohol. Du Fu understood the philosophy and morality of many ancient drinkers (there are many such thoughts in ancient poems), so he admired their intoxicating drunkenness infinitely. The reason why these eight drunken immortals in Du Fu's works are so innocent and lovely is precisely because the author has rendered the noble character contained in drunkenness from a simple plot, which is their "gods".
Li Xian, the king of Ruyang, is a royal aristocrat, and Li Longji called him the nephew of "Flower Slave". Be good at making friends with He and Chu Ting, and treat them as friends, so you can imagine them as adults. When you see a curved car on the road, you will drool, and you will only be true and ignore etiquette. Like an eagle in the dark, sometimes I look up at the sky. Only Du Fu can explain the meaning of this Shan Ye, especially in order to draw it out. It means that Ruyang's good wine just ignores the rich ear. It doesn't taste right for rotten mice, does it? And as the county king, he has no intention of seizing power. Even if he goes to heaven, he has to call three times. He is free, and can be listed as Brewmaster. He is by no means an official middleman fighting for power and power.
Li was the left prime minister in the first year of Tianbao, and died because of treacherous court official Li. After the ceremony, it was a poem saying, "Avoid the sage at first, stop the ceremony, and get a cup of sage." "Ten thousand dollars a day", drinking like a whale sucking Sichuan, can be described as binge drinking. It is also a first-class mind to say that "cups avoid saints". This poem means love and sadness.
Cui Zongzhi attacked Qi Huangong, handsome and romantic, like a well-proportioned tree, but full of prison worries, playing with wine. Raise a glass to the sky and look at the world with a dirty eye. Although there are only seven words, it is a biography of Cui Zongzhi.
Su Jin Huiyou, who is famous for his articles, once praised the embroidered Maitreya Buddha statue of a monk and said, "It is the Buddha who likes to drink rice juice (wine), which is in harmony with my nature. I am willing to do it, but he doesn't like it. " Therefore, although they worship Buddhism for a long time, they often ignore Buddhism and break the habit of drinking. It was in his heart that he knew that Buddha was Buddha and wine was wine, so he didn't interfere. Go your own way, don't stick to the common saying. When I want to see him escape from Zen and steal a drink, if he escapes from the world, he will be left alone in the world, so drinking does not hinder his sincerity in worshipping Buddha, and worshipping Buddha does not prevent him from really drinking. The word "sincerity" in life is not only loved by Du Fu, but also by everyone.
Li Bai's description has long been praised by the public. Du Fu's admiration for Li Bai when he was proud and his concern for him when he was frustrated were sincere and touching. Li Bai drinks like a few treasures in the poem. In four words, Li Bai will always be passionate and praise his spiritual world. "Don't get on the boat" means to refuse to get on the boat because you are drunk. It has been pointed out by predecessors.
Zhang Xu is a very lovely drinker. Look at the historical records: "Old Tang Book": "Wu Xushan cursive script, good wine. Every time I get drunk, I scream and go crazy. My pen is swaying and changing endlessly. If God helps me. " "Supplement to National History": "Xu drank alcohol and wrote cursive script, waved a pen and shouted, and wrote in ink and wash. After waking up, I looked at myself and felt amazing. " It's shocking to write it out and shout it out, but dip your hair in ink and make a book. Drinking is not only helpful, but when I wake up, I feel like a god. It is really cute. In front of the princes, you are bold and fearless, and you know that there are real talents and practical learning. Only real people can be innocent and lovely, and only real people can take off their posts. It is conceivable that when he takes off his hat and shows his head, he will be full of ideas and talents.
Jiao Sui can only speak amazingly when he is drunk, and only in this way can he learn to drink well. This is the same as Zhang. Jiao Sui stuttered and could hardly say a word to people. Only he is drunk, eloquent and talented. At that time, people called it "drinking". The word "Fang" is indispensable, saying that it takes five fights to see its talents and five fights to see its chaos. Take five fights as the boundary, and "square" means "outstanding". Du Fu loved talents all his life, not just Li Bai. Only talented people can drink, which is beneficial because they have the ability to drink. Because I love his moral talent, I began to feel the loveliness of his drunkenness. The author's original intention is Shen Feng's character, and it is also "the meaning of drunkenness is not wine."