From the surface structure of poetry, it can be divided into poetic image+poetic language+poetic expression skills.
Judging from the connotation of poetry, it can be divided into thoughts, emotions and attitudes of poetry.
The relationship between the two is precisely that the former (phenomenon) hides the latter (essence) and expresses the latter (essence) through the former (phenomenon).
In ancient poetry, the choice of words and sentences, the use of images and the arrangement of expression skills are all aimed at fully embodying the poet's thoughts, feelings, viewpoints and attitudes. Thoughts, feelings, opinions and attitudes are hidden in the poet's "between the lines" and in the "image", "language" and "expression skills" used by the poet. The blending of "flesh and blood" and "soul" of poetry has formed these ancient poems with their own styles and characteristics.
The flesh and blood of poetry: "image"+"language"+"expression skills".
Appreciation of poetic images: image of characters (distinguishing themselves from the hero in the poem)+image of scenery (commonly called "image")+image of artistic conception of scenery.
(1) on the poet's thoughts and feelings from the perspective of characters.
Ask yourself: ① What kind of image do you see? ② Why do you want to describe this image? (3) What are the image characteristics of the poet in the poem?
Appreciation ideas: ① Authors often use descriptive techniques to shape characters, such as language, movements, portraits, especially details, as well as front and side descriptions. It is necessary to combine the author's description of the characters to summarize the characteristics of the characters in the poem. (3) Why do you want to create such a character image? It is necessary to analyze the significance of shaping a character by combining the author's situation, thoughts and feelings and writing background.
(2) Seeing the poet's thoughts and feelings from the scene image.
Ask yourself: ① What is the function of images in poetry? (Answer 1: summarize the main images, analyze the characteristics of the object and the author's feelings, and analyze the feelings entrusted by the images in combination with the author's situation and feelings)
Appreciation ideas: ① Memorize the symbolic meaning of specific images; ② Combining the author's own experience, thoughts and feelings, analyzing the symbolic significance of the image; ③ Grasp the relationship between the characteristics of characters and the author's feelings.
(3) Look at the poet's thoughts and feelings from the artistic conception of the scenery.
Ask yourself: ① What kind of picture is depicted? (Grasp the main scenery, expand the association and reproduce the picture) ② What kind of artistic conception/atmosphere has been created? Words that accurately reflect the characteristics and artistic conception of scenery, such as bleak and desolate, such as quiet and beautiful) 3 How do poets express their thoughts and feelings? Appreciate a poem or word from the perspective of "emotion" and "scenery" (according to the characteristics of artistic conception and atmosphere)
Appreciating ideas: ① Understanding the composition of artistic conception (touching the scene and feeling, feeling moving with the situation; Empathy into the scene, emotion in the scene) ② Pay attention to the characteristics of the object ③ Pay attention to the author's feelings and the atmosphere of the picture in things, "objective image+subjective feelings+blending and unification"
Appreciation of poetic language: refined font+poetic eye type+language characteristic type
(1) on the poet's thoughts and feelings from the perspective of "refining words"
Ask yourself: ① What is the most vivid word in these two sentences? (2) What's good about this word? (3) Evaluate the artistic effect of this word in combination with poetry.
Appreciation ideas: ① What are the special grammatical phenomena or rhetorical devices of the meaning of this word in poetry, such as flexible use of parts of speech, personification, synaesthesia, turning static into dynamic, etc. (2) Analyze and describe the scene in combination with poetry; (3) Words play the role of highlighting the theme, creating artistic conception and poetic structure.
(2) Looking at the poet's thoughts and feelings from the "poetic eyes"
Ask yourself: ① What is the word/eye of this poem? Why?
Appreciation ideas: ① the role of words in expressing theme and poetic structure. (2) What is written around this word in the whole poem?
(3) To see the poet's thoughts and feelings from the perspective of "language characteristics"
Ask yourself: What are the linguistic features of this poem? Analyze language style.
Appreciation ideas: ① master some main language features; 2 knowing people and discussing the world.
Appreciation of poetic expression techniques: expression+expression+rhetoric+poetic structure techniques.
Ask yourself: ① What skills are used in poetry? ② What are the characteristics of this technology? ③ What role does it play in expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings?
(1) On the poet's skills of expressing thoughts and feelings from the perspective of "expression"
Lyricism, description, discussion and narration are the main expressions of poetry. Description methods include direct (front), indirect (side), meticulous (details), sketch, portrait, action, psychology, scenery description and so on. And the combination of static and dynamic, the coexistence of reality and reality, and so on.
There are two ways of lyric: direct lyric and indirect lyric. Direct lyricism includes direct expression and instant lyricism, while indirect lyricism includes expressing ambition by borrowing scenery (things), embracing scenery, melting scenery, cherishing the past and hurting the present.
(2) The skills of expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings from the perspective of "expression"
Common expression techniques include rendering, contrast, symbol, contrast (positive contrast, negative contrast, contrast, dynamic and static mutual contrast), contrast, contrast, spreading, combination of virtual and real, combination of dynamic and static, seeing the big from the small, trying to popularize first, drawing and coloring, combination of far and near, associative imagination and so on.
(3) The skills of expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings from the perspective of rhetoric.
There are antithesis, metaphor, personification, metonymy, exaggeration, synaesthesia, parallelism, repetition and symbol in poetry rhetoric, among which metaphor, personification, exaggeration and synaesthesia often make the depicted object vivid, and parallelism, repetition, questioning and questioning have the functions of enhancing tone and emphasizing prominence.
(4) The poet's skills of expressing his thoughts and feelings from the perspective of "the structural skills of poetry"
The common structure of poetry: cut to the chase, pave the way, deepen layer by layer, divide first and then combine, connect the preceding with the following, the scene precedes the emotion, make the finishing point and pave the way for transition.
Commonly used poetry writing methods: write the scenery first, then talk about lyricism. The scenery in front paves the way for the discussion or lyricism in the back, and the views, attitudes, thoughts and feelings in the back must also be expounded on the basis of the scenery in front.
The soul of poetry: "thoughts and feelings"+"opinions and attitudes"
(1) thoughts and feelings
Different themes determine the different thoughts and feelings expressed in poetry.
According to the theme, ancient poems can be divided into pastoral poems, frontier poems, poems about things, poems about epic poems, poems about seeing friends off and poems about homesickness.
Common thoughts and feelings include worrying about the country and hurting the time, making achievements, homesickness for the people, parting from sorrow, and mixed feelings of life (sadness in spring and autumn, sadness in mountains and rivers, sadness in the past, regret of present people, and lack of talents)
(1) When you worry about your country and hurt it.
Exposed the fatuity and corruption of the rulers.
Reflects the pain of leaving chaos
Sympathize with the people's suffering
Worries about the future and destiny of the country
(2) meritorious service to the country
Eager for success.
The determination to defend our country.
C the sorrow of serving the country without a door
The pain of losing mountains and rivers
E years have passed, and my ambition is hard to reward.
Expose the belligerence of the ruler.
G's sadness and unknown ideal.
③ Nostalgia and nostalgia
A trip and troubles
Miss relatives and friends
C frontier homesick
Be pregnant in the boudoir
4 bid farewell to sadness
Reluctant nostalgia
Affectionate encouragement
Chen Xinzhi's confession
⑤ Miscellaneous feelings of life
Give love to leisurely scenery and countryside.
B I felt ups and downs yesterday.
Use the past to satirize the present feelings.
The sadness of youth is fleeting.
Career frustration and depression
Comfort the joy of life
(2) Views and attitudes
Ask yourself: ① This poem reflects the poet's attitude towards life, combined with the analysis of the whole poem. ② Is the poet's evaluation of XX event objective? How to understand?
Ideas of appreciation: ① The author's attitude includes his attitude towards things and people, social reality, historical events and people, and his perception of life. The so-called "evaluation" should be based on the understanding of the author's views and attitudes, that is, whether the views in the article are correct, whether the understanding is comprehensive, whether the discussion is thorough, whether the feelings are healthy, what beneficial enlightenment it has for readers and what practical significance it has today.