Character introduction Wang Wei (701-761), also known as Mojie (jié), was a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He was an official and minister of Youcheng, and was known as "Wang Youcheng" in the world. Originally from Qi (now Qi County, Shanxi Province), he moved to Puzhou (now Yongji, Shanxi Province). In his later years, he lived in Wangchuan Villa in Lantian. He is of Han nationality. His achievements in poetry and painting were both very high. Su Shi praised him, "When you taste Mojie's poems, there are paintings in the poems; when you look at Mojie's paintings, there are poems in the paintings." Especially his achievements in landscape poetry are the most outstanding. Together with Meng Haoran, he is known as "Wang Meng". "In his later years, he had no intention of pursuing an official career and dedicated himself to worshiping Buddhism, so later generations called him the "Poetry Buddha". He is the author of "Wang Youcheng Collection" and has 400 poems. Not only that, Wang Wei is good at painting figures, bamboos, and landscapes. People in the Tang Dynasty recorded two types of landscape features: one is similar to that of Li and his son, and the other is painted with broken ink. His famous work "Wangchuan Picture" is the latter. However, the "Snowy Stream Picture" and "Jinan Fu Sheng Statue" that are attributed to him are not authentic. Wang Wei obviously had higher achievements in the field of Tang poetry. He was a representative of the landscape pastoral school in the Tang Dynasty. \x0d\Wang Wei was rich in literary talent in his youth. In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (721), he was awarded the rank of Jinshi and became Lecheng. For some reason, he was relegated to Sicang, Jeju to join the army. Later he returned to Chang'an. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling was appointed Zhongshu Ling. Wang Wei was promoted to the position of Youshiyi. At that time, he wrote the poem "Xian Shi Xing Gong", which praised Zhang Jiuling's political ideas of opposing party establishment for personal gain and indiscriminate use of honorary rewards, which reflected his mood at that time demanding something to be done. In the twenty-fourth year (736), Zhang Jiuling resigned as prime minister. The following year he was demoted to the governor of Jing. Li Linfu was appointed Zhongshu Ling, which was a turning point in the politics of the Xuanzong period from being relatively clear to becoming increasingly dark. Wang Wei was very frustrated by Zhang Jiuling's demotion, but he did not withdraw from officialdom. In the twenty-fifth year of Kaiyuan, he was sent to Hexi Province to serve as deputy ambassador Cui Xiyi. Later, he served as the imperial censor Zhi Nanxuan. In Tianbaozhong, Wang Wei's official position was gradually promoted. Before the Anshi Rebellion, when officials were in trouble, he was tired and worried about the officialdom at that time, but on the other hand, he was still attached to his family and could not leave decisively. So he followed the customs and lived a semi-official and semi-hidden life for a long time...\x0d\Wang Wei's achievements in poetry are multifaceted. Whether it is frontier fortresses, landscape poems, rhymed poems or quatrains, they are all popular among people. articles. He indeed has his own unique attainments in describing natural scenery. Whether it is the magnificence of famous mountains and rivers, the vastness and coldness of frontiers and fortresses, or the tranquility of small bridges and flowing water, they can accurately and concisely create a perfect and vivid image, without much ink, lofty artistic conception, and complete poetic and painterly feeling. Fusion into a whole. \x0d\The Landscape Pastoral Poetry School is one of the two major poetry schools in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. This poetry school is the successor of Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun, and Xie_. The poets of this poetry school are famous for being good at depicting landscapes and pastoral scenery. They have great influence in art. They are also relatively similar in style. By depicting quiet scenery, they reflect their peaceful state of mind or reclusive thoughts, so they are called the "landscape pastoral school". Its main writers are Meng Haoran, Wang Wei, Chang Jian, Zu Yong, Pei Di and others. Among them, the most accomplished and influential ones are Wang Wei and Meng Haoran, who also became "Wang Meng". \x0d\The character was precocious in life, and both his brother Jin, who was one year younger, were very smart at an early age. When he was fifteen years old, he went to the capital to take the exam. Because he could write good poems, was good at calligraphy and painting, and had musical talent, the young Wang Wei immediately became the favorite of the princes and nobles of the capital as soon as he arrived in the capital. Regarding his talent in music, there is a story: Once, a man got a music picture, but he didn't know why he titled it. After seeing it, Wang Wei replied: "This is the first beat of the third stack of "The Song of Colorful Feather Clothes"." He invited musicians to play, and it turned out to be exactly the same. \x0d\In terms of poetry, there are documented materials written when he was fifteen, seventeen, or eighteen years old. It can be seen that he was already a famous poet in his teens. This is rare among poets. At that time, in that aristocratic society, a versatile talent like Wang Wei would naturally be highly appreciated. Therefore, he passed the Jinshi examination at the age of twenty-one. \x0d\After becoming an official, Wang Wei used his spare time in bureaucratic life to build a villa at the foot of Nanlantian Mountain in the capital to cultivate his body and mind. The villa was originally owned by Song Zhiwen, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. It was a very spacious place with mountains, lakes, woods and valleys, and several buildings scattered among it. At this time, Wang Wei lived a leisurely life with his close friends. This is his semi-official and semi-hidden life. \x0d\Wang Wei, who had always lived a comfortable life, was involved in unexpected waves in his later years. The Anshi Rebellion broke out in the fourteenth year of Xuanzong Tianbao's reign (755). During the war, he was captured by the rebels and forced to become a puppet official. This became a serious problem after the war subsided, and he was handed over for interrogation. Fortunately, during the chaos, he had written a poem about longing for the emperor, and with the intercession of his younger brother, who was the Minister of Justice at the time, he was able to escape the disaster and was only demoted. Later, he was promoted to the position of Minister Youcheng. \x0d\Wang Wei had positive political ambitions in his early years, hoping to accomplish a great cause. Later, when the political situation changed, he gradually became depressed and began to eat fast and chant Buddha's name. When he was in his forties, he specially built a villa in Wangchuan, Lantian County, southeast of Chang'an, and lived a semi-official and semi-hidden life. This poem is a chapter in his secluded life. The main content is "statement of ambition", which describes the poet's desire to stay away from the world and continue to live in seclusion. The scenery described in the poem is not deliberately laid out, it is natural and fresh, as if it were picked up at hand, and the distant scenery can be seen by itself, which has a great legacy of Yuan Ming. Contents of Poetry Collection and Famous Works Most of Wang Wei's poems are about landscapes and pastoral works. While describing the natural beauty, they also reveal the leisurely and leisurely taste of leisurely life.
Wang Wei's landscape poems often use the form of five rhymes and five uniques. They are short in length, exquisite in language, and have relatively soothing syllables. They are especially suitable for expressing quiet landscapes and the poet's peaceful mood. Wang Wei became increasingly depressed after middle age and sought sustenance in Buddhism and mountains and rivers. He claimed that "as soon as he realizes silence, he will have more leisure in this life" ("The Busan Monk"). This mood is fully reflected in his poetry creation. In the past, many people praised Wang Wei's poems, not only because of their high artistic skills, but also because they were attracted by the leisurely mood and negative thoughts embodied in them. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Yinglin said that Wang Wei's five masterpieces "have entered Zen Buddhism", and also said that the two poems "Niaosong Stream" and "Xinyiwu", "I have forgotten my life experience after reading it, and all my thoughts are silent" (Shisou), which is a clear proof. . Snow Scenery was written by Wang Wei. Wang Wei's other works with themes, such as farewells and journeys, often contain beautiful lines about scenery, such as "Far trees lead travelers, and the solitary city is illuminated by the sun" ("Send off to Qi without falling back"). "Hometown"), "Half of the rain in the mountains, hundreds of springs under the trees" ("Farewell to Zizhou Li Shijun"), "The rivers and lakes are white at sunset, and the sky and earth are green when the tide comes" ("Farewell to Xingguizhou"), "The solitary smoke in the desert is straight, the long river falls "Japanese yen" ("Envoy to the Fortress") and so on are all famous sayings that have been passed down forever. \x0d\ "The Military March", "Longxi Journey", "Yan Branch", "Watching Hunting", "Envoys to the Fortress", "Departure from the Fortress", etc., which are based on military and frontier life, are all magnificent and moving works. do. "Longtou Yin" and "Old General's Journey" express the sorrow of generals who have not been rewarded for their merits, reflecting one aspect of the internal contradictions of the feudal ruling class. "Watching the Hunt" vividly describes the scene during hunting. "Song of Yimen" sings the chivalrous spirit of historical figures. The four poems of "Youth" express the hero's bravery and boldness, with vivid images and smooth writing. These works are generally believed to be Wang Wei's early works. There are also some poems, such as "Ode to the Four Sages of Ji", "Fable", "Ode to Unexpected Encounters", and "Ode to Lady Zhao Playing the Harp" written when he was demoted to Jeju. Expressing indignation at the unreasonable phenomenon of talented people being unlucky reflects some of the dark sides of feudal politics in the Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods. "A Daughter's Journey to Luoyang" and "Ode to Xi Shi" use bixing techniques to express the emotion arising from the injustice between the high and the low and the satire of the powerful. There are also works such as "Mrs. Xi" and "Ban Jieyu" that describe women's pain. They are deeply sad and have certain social significance. Some lyric poems are given to relatives and friends and describe daily life, such as "Farewell", "Farewell to each other in the mountains", "Farewell to Li's Supplements at Lingaotai", "Farewell to the Second Envoy of Yuan Dynasty in Anxi", "Send off Shen Zifu to Jiangdong", "September 9th" "Reminiscent of Shandong Brothers", "Lovesickness", "Miscellaneous Poems", "You Came from Hometown", etc. have been recited by people for thousands of years; "Send Yuan Er Envoy to Anxi", "Lovesickness", etc. were immediately broadcast as music at that time and were widely known. Sing. These small poems are all five-character or seven-character quatrains, with sincere emotions, clear and natural language, no need for decoration, and a simple and profound beauty. They can be compared with the quatrains of Li Bai and Wang Changling, and represent the highest achievement of quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
\x0d\"Dwelling in the Mountains in Autumn" was selected into the 15th lesson of the 6th grade in Shanghai's new textbook\x0d\"Birdsong Stream" was selected into the weekly poem of the fourth unit of the 6th grade in the Shanghai new textbook\x0d\"Envoy to the Fortress" 》Selected into Lesson 30 of Unit 6 for Grade 8 in the PEP textbook