2, the original poem content:
Guan Shanyue
Author Li Bai, Tang Dynasty,
A bright moon rises from Qilian Mountain and crosses the vast sea of clouds.
The mighty wind blew Wan Li and crossed Yumen Pass.
At that time, Han soldiers pointed at the mountain road, and Tubo coveted the vast territory of Qinghai.
This is a land of wars in past dynasties, and few soldiers can survive.
The soldiers turned and looked at the border, thinking of home with longing eyes.
The soldier's wife looked at the tower and lamented when she would see her relatives far away.
3. Precautions:
(1) Guan Shanyue: The Old Story of Yuefu is a symphonic song, which expresses the sadness of parting. An Interpretation of Yuefu Ancient Poems: "'Guan Shanyue' grieves for his death."
(2) Tianshan Mountain: Qilian Mountain. Today, there are several miles between Gansu and Xinjiang. Because the Huns in the Han Dynasty called "Heaven" Qilian Mountain, Qilian Mountain was also called Tianshan Mountain.
⑶ Yumenguan: Located in the northwest of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province, it is the main road leading to the western regions in ancient times. Autumn wind blows from the west and blows through Yumen Pass.
(4) Next: Send troops. Deng Bai: Today there is a Deng Bai in the east of Datong City, Shaanxi Province. Liu Bang, the emperor gaozu of Han Dynasty, led troops to the Xiongnu and was besieged by the Xiongnu in Dengbaishan for seven days. History of Han Xiongnu Biography: "(Xiongnu) surrounded Gaudi in Deng Bai for seven days." Yan Shigu's Note: "Deng Baishan is in the southeast of Pingcheng, more than ten miles away from Pingcheng."
⑸ Hu: This refers to Tubo. Peep: To have an intention, spy or intrude. Qinghai Lake: The present Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province is named after its blue color.
(6) origin: from the beginning; Historically. Yi Kun: "I kill the king, and the son kills the father." It didn't happen overnight, but its origin came gradually. "
(7) Defending customers: recruiting people. Soldiers stationed at the border. Border color: One is Border Town.
(8) Tall buildings: In ancient times, tall buildings were often called boudoir, which refers to the wives of soldiers guarding the border. Cao Zhi's Seven Wounded Poems: "The bright moon shines on tall buildings, and the time is falling. Think of the woman upstairs and lament more than sorrow. " These two sentences should be based on this.
4. Translation:
A bright moon rises from Qilian Mountain and crosses the vast sea of clouds.
The mighty long wind blew through Yumen Pass where Wan Li and the soldiers were stationed.
In those days, Han soldiers pointed to Deng Bai Mountain Road, and Tubo coveted a large area of rivers and mountains in Qinghai.
This is the place where wars have been fought for generations, and few soldiers who fought can survive.
Garrison soldiers looked at the border town from a distance, and they couldn't help looking sad when they missed their hometown.
At this time, the wives of the soldiers are in the tall building, sighing when they can see their relatives in the distance.
5. Brief analysis:
"Guan Shanyue" is an old topic in Yuefu. An Interpretation of Yuefu Ancient Poems: "'Guan Shanyue' grieves for his death." This poem of Li Bai inherits the ancient Yuefu in content, but it has been greatly improved.
The first four sentences can be said to be a vast frontier fortress picture containing three elements: Guan, Shan and Yue. In general literary works, we often see descriptions such as "the moon rises from the East China Sea" or "the moon rises from the East Mountain", and Tianshan seems to be the place where the moon sets in the west of China. Why do you say "the bright moon rises from the mountain in the sky"? It turns out that this is from the perspective of recruiting people. Looking back at the east, you can see the bright moon rising from Tianshan Mountain. Although Tianshan Mountain is not close to the sea, it is opposite to the sea of clouds. The poet combines the vast sea of clouds and the majestic Tianshan Mountains, which seems to be more common only after crossing the sea, and it is fresh and spectacular. Such a realm may be unsustainable in the face of ordinary poets with weak talents, but Li Bai is full of pen power. Next, "and the wind comes from thousands of miles, hitting Yumenguan battlements" is broader than the previous two sentences. Yang Qixian in the Song Dynasty seems to be afraid of problems with Wan Li, saying, "Tianshan Mountain is not too far from Yumenguan, but those who talk about Wan Li are like the moon from Tianshan Mountain, not from Tianshan Mountain." It seems safe to explain "Wan Li" with the imaginary distance from the bright moon to Yumenguan, but Li Bai is talking about the length of "Changfeng", not the distance from the bright moon to the earth. In fact, these two sentences are still from the perspective of the garrison. Standing in the moonlight on the northwest border, the foot soldiers looked at their homeland, feeling that the wind was mighty, as if crossing the Central Plains of Wan Li and Yumenguan. If we relate it with the poem "Autumn wind blows my heart to the jade gate forever" in Li Bai's Midnight Wu Ge, the meaning of this poem will be more clear. In this way, combined with the above description, it is characterized by Changfeng, Yue Ming, Tianshan and Yumenguan, forming the frontier fortress map of Wan Li. On the surface, it seems that only natural scenery is written here, but as long as you put yourself in the other's shoes, it is easy to feel the feeling of missing the countryside.
"China's army marched along Deng Bai Road, while the Tatar army peeped in the blue waters of the bay. Because there is no famous battle in history that sent all the soldiers back. " This is a battle scene superimposed on the first four vast frontier natural scenes. Next, point out the soldiers. Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, led troops to levy the Xiongnu and was besieged by the Xiongnu for seven days in Deng Bai (now Datong West). The Green Bay area is a place where Tang Jun and Tubo fought for years. The endless wars of past dynasties made it almost impossible for soldiers who had never gone to war to see anyone alive in their hometown. These four sentences play a connecting role in the structure, describing the transformation object from frontier fortress to war and from war to garrison.
The soldiers turned and looked at the border, thinking of home with longing eyes. And those rooms above tonight, tossing and turning, sighing, can't rest. "The soldiers looked at the scene of the border, thinking of their hometown, and their faces were full of sadness. They speculate that in this vast moonlit night, the wife in the tall building will never stop sighing. The word "looking at the frontier" seems to be casually written in Li Bai's works, but it closely links Wan Li's frontier fortress and battle scenes with "guarding the guests". What you see is so vast and distant. The soldiers' thinking and imagination of women in tall buildings, as well as their sighs, are particularly profound in such a broad background.
Looking at the endless ethnic conflicts in the ancient frontier, the poet revealed the great sacrifices brought by the war and the pain brought to countless expropriated people and their families, but did not simply condemn or praise the war. The poet seems to be thinking about the heavy price paid by generations for this! Faced with such contradictions, poets, recruiters and even readers can easily arouse a desire. This desire is not directly expressed in the poem, but the idea that "a soldier is a sharp weapon, but a saint has to use it" (The Battle of the South) is easy for readers to produce when reading this work.
The feeling of leaving others and thinking about women is often delicate and too sad in the works of ordinary poets, and correspondingly, the realm is often narrow. But Li Bai used "the bright moon hanging high in the sky, the vast sea of clouds." The wind, thousands of miles, blowing Yumenguan battlements "Wan Li frontier fortress figure caused this feeling. Only a broad-minded person like Li Bai can write like this. Hu Yinglin commented in the Ming Dynasty: "Among the Hunxiong, several are elegant." If "leisure and elegance" is understood as not limited to a certain moment, but having broader and calmer thinking, then his comments are very appropriate. Taking the vast space-time as the background, and combining the homesickness and parting feelings in this kind of thinking, it develops a far-reaching artistic conception, which is beyond the reach of other poets.
6. Introduction to the poet:
Li Bai (70 1-762), the word Taibai, was a romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty and was praised as a "poetic immortal" by later generations. Han nationality, ancestral home in Ji Cheng, Longxi, was born in Broken Leaf City (which belonged to the territory of the Tang Dynasty at that time and now belongs to Kyrgyzstan). At the age of 4, he moved to Mianzhou City, Jiannan Province with his father. Li Bai has more than 1000 poems, among which Li Taibai Ji has been handed down from generation to generation. He died in 762 at the age of 6 1. Its tomb is in Dangtu, Anhui, and there are memorial halls in Jiangyou, Sichuan and Anlu, Hubei. Li Bai lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. At the age of twenty-five, he left Sichuan alone and began to roam widely. South to the Xiangjiang River in Dongting, east to wuyue, where Anlu and Yingshan live. It was not until the first year of Tianbao (742) that Li Bai was called to worship the Hanlin in Chang 'an on the recommendation of Taoist Wu Yun. Later, because I didn't see the dignitaries, I only stayed in Beijing for two and a half years, then I returned the gold and went away, and then I wandered around the world. Li Bai and Du Fu are also called "Du Li".