At the end of spring this year, Chang 'an City was full of traffic and excitement. It turned out that it was the time when the peony was in full bloom, and the famous families in Chang' an went to buy flowers one after another. The price of peony flowers varies, and the price depends on the variety of flowers. Some peonies here are lush and bright red, and a small bouquet of flowers costs five bundles of white silk. They are carefully cared for, their owners put curtains on them, built fences, and cultivated the most fertile soil after hard watering, so the colors of the flowers are as bright as before. Everyone is used to it, and no one feels wrong. An old farmer happened to come to the place where he bought flowers. Seeing this scene, I can't help but bow my head and sigh, but who cares about this sigh: the price of this dark peony flower is equivalent to the annual tax of ten middle-class families.
Note 1 Imperial City: The city where the emperor lived refers to Chang 'an. Noisy: A noisy sound. Degree: Yes. 3 impermanent price: there is no definite price. 4 direct payment: refers to spending money on flowers. Straight: Pass the "value". 5 combustion: colorful appearance. 6 (jiān): tiny; Let's talk about "superficial phenomena" first. Five beams of elements: five beams of white silk depict the posture of white flowers; I'm talking about the price of flowers. 7 curtains: tent curtains. One is "curtains". 8 weaving: weaving. Ba: One is Ba. 9 trick: buy a transplant from the market. A "move". Ten habits become habits: long-term habits become habits. ⑾ Obsessed: Obsessed with flowers, I don't know if this is a luxury and waste. ⑿ Tian She Weng: A farmer. [13] Yu: I know, I understand. [14] Dark flower: refers to red peony. ⒂ Middlemen: middle-class families, middle-class families. In the Tang dynasty, taxes were levied according to household registration, which was divided into upper, middle and lower levels.
The poem "Watching Flowers/Peony" is contained in Volume 425 of Complete Tang Poetry. The following is the appreciation of this poem by Mr. Huo, director, professor and doctoral supervisor of the Institute of Literature of Shaanxi Normal University.
Li Zhao, a contemporary of Bai Juyi, said in Tang Shi Supplement: "The capital is expensive and has been a peony for more than 30 years. It's a pity that you don't spend time playing in the Spring Festival Gala every year. Holding the gold to recruit the palace palace and planting it for profit is worth tens of thousands of books. This poem reveals some essential aspects of social contradictions through the description of "buying peony flowers in Beijing" and shows a theme with profound social significance. The genius of the poet is that he found an "Tian She Weng" that others turned a blind eye to from the place where he bought flowers, which triggered his inspiration and completed his original artistic conception.
The whole poem is divided into two paragraphs. "Everyone is puzzled" 14 or more, writing that it is expensive to buy flowers in Beijing; In the following six sentences, write Tian She Weng and buy flowers.
Spring in Beijing is coming to an end, and there are noisy cars and horses coming and going in the streets. It is said that peonies are in full bloom, and friends are called to buy flowers. At the beginning, use "Imperial City" to indicate the location, and use "End of Spring" to indicate the time. When "spring is near dusk", the countryside is green and yellow, and farming is doubly busy, while Chang 'an, where the emperor and his courtiers are located, is busy "buying flowers". "Noisy" belongs to hearing, and "riding" belongs to vision. In the form of "noise", the scene of men jumping over women and laughing and cheering is displayed at the same time as the picture of cars and horses filling the streets and swallowing lanes. It is really a combination of sound and sound. The following "* * * peony, buy flowers from each other" is a supplementary description of "noisy". When borrowing the car, everyone immediately told each other in unison that the pen was quite clever.
These four scenes of "buying flowers" paved the way for the following writing: buying flowers at a high price and moving them carefully. Then there are these rich idle people, driving around and spending money on flowers and plants. "Burn one hundred red flowers and press five bundles. ててててててててててててて "refers to twenty-five filaments. "New Tang Book": When the "two taxes" were first set up, money was lighter than goods, and silks were 3,200. At that time, the "two tax laws" came into effect, and a silk was 3,200 yuan, so the "five bundles of vegetables" was 80,000 yuan. A hundred flowers red peony sells for 80 thousand, which is really amazing. Then, it goes without saying that "put on curtains, weave fences, sprinkle water to seal mud, and change colors with the same color", and its treasure is no different from jewelry.
Every family takes making flowers as a custom, and everyone is stubborn. The above is only an objective description, and it was not until "everyone was puzzled" that the author's tendency was revealed; However, the exact meaning of "ignorance" needs further clarification. Some of Bai Juyi's satirical poems often make sense, and the ending comments. This poem avoids this situation. When he witnessed these fanatical flower buyers spending money like water, he sent out the feeling that "everyone is puzzled" Suddenly, he found an "Tian She Weng" who occasionally came from the hungry and cold countryside to buy flowers, saw him "bow his head" and heard him "sigh". This extremely sharp contrast reveals the essence of social life at that time. In the noisy scene of buying flowers, the poet lost no time to take a close-up shot of "bowing his head and sighing alone", and with extremely bright and strong contrast, he excavated all the subtext from the expression of "bowing his head" and the voice of "sighing": just buying a bunch of "hundred flowers red" dark flowers squandered the tax and grain of ten middle-class families! Revealed the gap between the rich and the poor in the society at that time. "The rich have a bunch of flowers and ten families eat a year." This last epigram makes readers suddenly realize that the "Tian She Weng" who looks at flowers is actually a person who spends money on flowers! By extension, the food, clothing, housing and transportation of these "noble" flower buyers all come from the "tax" squeezed from the working people. With the help of Tian She Weng, the poet sharply reflected the contradiction between exploitation and being exploited. It is very valuable to dare to write people's voices with your own poetry creation.
Background of Bouncing Flowers/Peony Creation Around 8 10 years ago (the fifth year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong), Bai Juyi wrote a group of poems, Ten Poems Poems in Qin Zhong. "Qinzhong" refers to the area around the capital of the Tang Dynasty. The preface to the poem says: "On the occasion of Zhenyuan and Yuanhe, I will give it to people in Chang 'an. When I hear it, I am worried enough. Because to be honest, it was named Qin Zhongyin. "This poem is the tenth. Poetry Collection: Bought Flowers/Peony Poetry Collection Author: Tang Dynasty Bai Juyi Poetry Collection Classification: Writing Flowers, Satire