Nostalgia for ancient poems is generally about remembering ancient people and deeds. Poetry about history often twists historical facts with reality, or regrets personal experiences, or criticizes social reality. For example, Su Shi's "Nian Nujiao Chibi Nostalgia" lamented personal experience, the contradiction between ideal and reality, and achieved nothing in his career. Xin Qiji's Yong Yu Le Jing Kou Beigu Pavilion Nostalgia expresses his dissatisfaction with the imperial court's drag out an ignoble existence and attacks the social reality. There are also poems about history that only reflect and evaluate history calmly and rationally, or are just objective narratives. The poet's own experiences are not among them, and the poet's feelings are just the voice outside the painting. For example, Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Lane" compares the past and the present, expressing the poet's sense of historical vicissitudes.
those who admire history and cherish ancient poems. To appreciate, we must first understand historical facts and allusions, then understand intentions and feelings, and finally taste techniques.
1. Formal symbol: the title contains the names of historic sites and ancient people, or it is preceded by "Yong", or added with "nostalgia" and "Yong Huai" after historic sites and ancient people.
2. Content features: ① To express the ambition to build a career like the ancients, and to express the memory of the ancients; (2) Expressing the feelings of past prosperity and present decline implies dissatisfaction and even criticism of reality, and satirizes the present by borrowing more from the past; (3) when you are worried about the country, expose the fatuity and decay of the rulers and sympathize with the sufferings of the lower classes, but it depends on the future and destiny of the country and the nation. (4) lament the passing of time, ambition is hard to pay.
(2) Poems about objects
1. Features of poems about objects:
In content, an object is described, and some characteristics are grasped to describe it. Ideologically, it is often a matter of expressing one's will. From things to people, from reality to emptiness, write spiritual character. Metaphor, symbol, personification and contrast are commonly used. (1) take the image as the topic; (2) chanting (topic, gift, praise)+object image
2. Content characteristics: < P > chanting things to express one's ambition or quality through what is sung; Or express your thoughts on life and evaluation of personnel.
3. Analysis angle:
The similarities between things and people (the combination of things and me) should be emphasized when appreciating. (2) what aspirations.
(3) Writing Landscape Poetry
Xie Lingyun pioneered landscape poetry in the Southern Dynasty, Tao Yuanming pioneered pastoral poetry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and developed into the Tang Dynasty. There was a school of landscape pastoral poetry, represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. Landscape pastoral poetry is good at describing natural scenery, rural scenery and comfortable seclusion, with meaningful and beautiful poetic scenery, quiet and elegant style and clear and elegant language. This kind of poetry is often lyrical by borrowing scenery and expressing feelings in the scenery, and the writing is often sketching and setting off.
1. Content scope: general landscape poems and pastoral poems;
2. Writing features: borrowing scenery to express feelings and blending feelings into the scenery; 3. Key points of analysis: features of scenery;
4. The theme of pastoral poetry is: ① retire to the countryside and love mountains and rivers; ② Depicting the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers and loving the motherland; (3) hate the darkness of officialdom, express leisurely mood, and express your noble character of never colluding with others.
(4) War Poems
From the pre-Qin Dynasty, there were poems about frontier fortress and war, and in the Tang Dynasty, because wars were frequent, the rulers valued martial arts over literary works, and it was much easier for scholars to win fame and gain fame in the frontier court than in the imperial examination. In addition, in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the frontier fortress poems with magnificent feelings developed greatly, forming a new school of poetry.
1. Formal symbol: the words "blockade", "levy" and "army" appear in the title; There are also some old Yuefu poems, such as Liangzhou Ci, Youth Travel, Guan Shanyue, Joining the Army, etc.
2. Basic theme: the desire to build a successful career; The determination to defend the country; The pain of the loss of mountains and rivers; Homesickness of living in the border for a long time; The hardships of life beyond the Great Wall and the tragic battles of successive years; The resentment that there is no way to serve the country and the sorrow that there is no hope of returning home.
3. Analysis key points: To appreciate frontier fortress poems, we should combine the author's life thoughts and the specific time of poetry creation, appreciate what the poet wrote in the poems and what kind of emotions he expressed, and pay attention to the scenery with frontier fortress characteristics and the events and psychology with war characteristics.
(5) Travel poems and always in my heart's poems
The ancients' long-term absence from home, long-term wandering, or long-term guarding of the border will always cause a strong feeling of homesickness and nostalgia, so there are many such poems, which either write about the thoughts of traveling, or write about missing relatives and friends, or writing about homesickness, or writing about cherishing people in the boudoir. In writing, I feel hurt when I touch the scene, or I feel emotional when I feel the moon (Mid-Autumn Festival, Chongyang Climbing, Spring Sorrow, and Homecoming at Sunset), or I express my feelings with objects (moon, geese, flute, willow), or I express my feelings because of dreams, or I express my feelings with wonderful metaphors. To appreciate this kind of poetry, we should determine the emotional category on the basis of overall perception; Seize the image and build a picture; Grasp the key words and appreciate the artistic features.
Travel poems: mainly express the hardships and loneliness of travelers and their yearning for their hometown and relatives. Always in my heart's poems: First, it shows women's yearning for their husbands who went to war, expressing their disgust at war or encouraging their husbands to make contributions; The second is to express the thoughts of her husband who is away from home, and to express the tenderness and sadness of women; The third is to express the resentment of women in the palace against the situation of being imprisoned and left out in the cold, and to express their yearning for freedom and happy life.
(6) Farewell Poems
In ancient times, due to inconvenient transportation and underdeveloped communication, it was often difficult for relatives and friends to meet each other for several years, so the ancients paid special attention to parting. On the occasion of parting, people often set up wine to give a farewell dinner, fold willows to send them to each other, and sometimes sing poems to say goodbye, so parting has become an eternal theme of ancient literati. Because of the different situation of each person, the specific content and ideological tendency written in farewell poems are often different. Some express their feelings of parting directly, some express their feelings by spitting out anger in their chests or expressing their will, some focus on parting from sorrow and not hating, some focus on exhortation, encouragement and comfort, and some have both.