Appreciation of Tao Yuanming's "Drinking"
Drinking
The house is in a human environment, without the noise of cars and horses.
How can you do this? The mind is far away from itself.
Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can leisurely see the Nanshan Mountain.
The mountain air is getting better day by day, and the birds are flying back and forth.
There is a true meaning in this, but I have forgotten to explain it.
Tao Yuanming's "Drinking" poems contain 20 poems. This group of poems is not a work of pleasure after drinking, but the poet uses drinking as the theme to write about his dissatisfaction with reality and his love for pastoral life. Love was to escape persecution by getting drunk in the very dangerous environment at that time. In the 20th poem of "Drinking Drinking", he wrote, "I hate many fallacies, but you should forgive the sinners." This shows his good intentions. The one chosen here is the fifth one. This poem focuses on emotion, blending emotion into the scenery, and describes the poet's leisurely and contented life after retreating to the countryside.
The artistic conception of this poem can be divided into two levels. The first four sentences are one level, describing the poet's feelings after getting rid of the troubles of the world. It expresses the poet's thoughts and feelings of despising officialdom and not collaborating with the rulers. The last six sentences are one layer, describing the beautiful evening scenery of Nanshan and the infinite fun the poet got from it. It expresses the poet's true love for rural life and his noble personality.
"The house is in a human environment, without the noise of cars and horses." Although the poet lives in the dirty world, he is not troubled by the secular world. The "noise of carriages and horses" is a portrayal of all kinds of ugly things in the officialdom where you compete with each other, compete with each other, and run around to get things done. However, Tao Yuanming's "residence in Jielu" was not a very remote place. How could he not hear the noise of carriages and horses? The poet seemed to understand the reader's psychology, so he used a hypothetical question "How can I ask you?" and then answered "My heart is far away and I am biased". As long as you are mentally away from the hustle and bustle of those dignitaries, you will naturally have no entanglement with them in other aspects. These four sentences contain incisive philosophy of life. They tell us that the human spiritual world can purify itself. Under certain conditions, as long as one exerts his or her subjective initiative, he or she can change the impact of the objective environment on oneself, everywhere. Everyone can find the joy of life. The word "heart is far away" reflects the poet's spiritual world that is transcendent and refined, without any thoughts of fame and fortune.
“Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can leisurely see the Nanshan Mountain”, this is a famous saying that has been popular for thousands of years. Because of the spiritual state of "the mind is far away and the place is biased", I can leisurely pick chrysanthemums under the fence and look up to the mountains. I feel so comfortable and contented, so otherworldly! These two sentences use objective descriptions of scenery to set off the poet's leisurely mood. The word "leisurely" is used very cleverly, indicating that what the poet sees and feels is not deliberately sought, but encountered unexpectedly. Su Dongpo praised these two sentences: "The next step in picking chrysanthemums is to see the mountain by chance. You don't have to pay attention to it at first, but the scene and the intention are understood, so it is gratifying." The word "jian" is also used extremely well. Occasionally, the beautiful scenery of Nanshan coincides with the leisurely and contented state of mind when picking chrysanthemums, forming a "selfless state" where I forget both. If you use the word "look", it means that you have Nanshan in your heart before you intend to look at it. It becomes "a state of self", and you lose a kind of innocence and innocence. What beautiful scenery is there in Nanshan that caused the poet to praise it so much? What follows is "The mountain atmosphere is getting better day by day, and the birds are returning to each other." This is also the scenery that the poet saw accidentally. In the beautiful dusk scenery of Nanshan, the birds fly back to the mountains and forests together, and everything is free and moving according to the needs of the people. The poet got rid of the shackles of officialdom and was at ease. Here the poet realized the true meaning of nature and life. "There is a true meaning in this, but I have forgotten to tell it." What true meaning did the poet realize from the birds, Nanshan, sunset, and autumn chrysanthemums in nature? Is it a natural law that all things move and everyone gets their place? Is it the yearning for the ancient, simple and self-sufficient ideal society? Is it the philosophy of life of letting nature take its own course? Is it a straightforward and sincere character? The poet did not express it explicitly, but only implicitly raised questions for readers to think about, while he "wanted to distinguish himself and forgot to speak." If we understand it in conjunction with the previous sentence "The house is built in a human environment without the noise of carriages and horses", the "true meaning" can be understood as the true meaning of life, that is, one should not be obsessed with fame and fortune, and one should not be tainted by the nastiness of officialdom. Instead, we should go back to nature and appreciate the infinite freshness and vitality of nature! Of course, this "true meaning" has a great connotation, and the author has not said it all, and there is no need to say it. These two philosophical summaries give readers endless room for imagination, which is full of words and endless thoughts.
The whole poem uses plain and simple language to describe scenes and narratives, and the form and content have reached a high degree of unity. Whether it is describing the beautiful scenery of Nanshan Mountain in the evening, or expressing the leisurely contentment of retreat, or describing the joy of living in the fields. , or the true meaning of life, are both full of interest and rationality. Such as "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain", "the mountain air is getting better day and night, and the birds return to each other". Needless to say, such famous sentences that integrate scenery, emotion and reason are like "How can I ask you? My heart is far away." Sentences such as "Self-biased" and "There is a true meaning in this, and the desire crowd has forgotten the words", although the words are plain, simple and natural, they are also profound, have lofty meanings, contain meaningful truths, are worth chewing, and have endless theoretical interest. and fun.