The problem is the child born in Xu city. Hao Wei's "Preface to Li Hanlin" has "Baishi married Seo Woo and gave birth to a woman and a man. It is said that the moon slave, the woman married and died. " In this regard, Guo Moruo's Li Bai and Du Fu (People's Literature Publishing House, 197 1 Edition) raised an objection:
There are many mistakes in Hao Wei's preface, which is difficult to read. ..... Both Xu Shi "gave birth to a woman and a man", and then only marked a "moon slave" name. "Moon slave" is obviously a nickname for girls, unlike boys' names. So the word "one person" was added by later generations. It is even more absurd to publish this book or make it "Two People". Remove the word "man", that is, "Baishi married Xu and gave birth to a daughter, saying that the moon is a slave", and there is no problem in writing.
I have no choice but to play dumb in this rash, arrogant and unreasonable argument. Guo Moruo's statement made a fatal fallacy from the beginning for the following reasons:
First, "Yue Ming slave", as a nickname, is not so much a "daughter's nickname" as a fine print inherited from the tradition of the Six Dynasties, which can better show its characteristics. The fine print in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is great anger, the fine print is stone anger, the fine print of Jiang Qijian is Lu anger, the fine print of Huan Si is Bao anger, the fine print is monk anger, the fine print is Anu, and the fine print of Tao Luo is Hu anger, Wei Ran and Shi Min. The fine print "Flower Slave" ("Jiegu Lu") and so on are all examples.
Second, then, what is the reason why Guo Moruo thought "Yue Ming slave" was "daughter's nickname" from the beginning? It is speculated that the principle of "moon slave" is limited to female names, but this is not necessarily the case. For example, Yuan Yu, the eldest son of King Jing Zhao of the Northern Wei Dynasty, was called "Bao Yue" (Biography of Five Kings of Shu Wei Xiao Wen), and there was another character named "Lu" in the Sui Dynasty (Biography of Yang Di of Sui Shu, which lasted eleven years). At least among northerners, when naming men and women, they don't stick to the word "month".
Moreover, Guo Moruo's powerful argument completely ignored the original text and profaned the precious records of the ancients with his arrogant and blunt subjective consciousness. For the sake of prudence, now let's reveal the preface, which reads: "Bai, the first time I married Xu, I gave birth to a woman and a man, named' Moon Slave', and the woman married and died." Although the current text says "a woman and a man", the following sentence "a woman marries and dies" obviously corresponds to "a woman" instead of "a man". It can be seen that in this sentence, it goes without saying that there must have been a record of "male" at that time. As far as the preface is concerned, this person's record is unexpected except the sentence "Yue' Yue Ming slave'". If so, it can be inferred that before the original biography was written, there should be a stack of words under "one woman and one man", which should be regarded as: "Baishi married Xu Sheng, one woman and one man, saying that Yue Ming's slave girl married to death". It is not difficult to understand that overlapping words are easy to fall off in the process of transmission and writing.
See also Collected Works of Li Taibai in Song Dynasty (Tokyo Jingjiatang Library). Kyoto University School of Humanities, Showa, 1933) is a copy of Hao Wei's preface, in which "one person" is called "two people". Although this is obviously wrong, in my opinion, the mistake in this version of the song is not simply to mistake "one" for "two", but it may be that the original "male man" was wrongly written as "male two" and then fell by mistake.
Press this for the time being, and then the question is when did Li Bai and Xu Shi get married? Regarding this matter, Li Bai himself said in the History Book of Shang 'an House with Chang written during the Anlu period: "When you meet a fellow countryman, you boast of a cloud dream, and the clouds and Chu have seven colors, so I come to see it." When Xu Xianggong's family saw the move, his wife took her granddaughter, stopped there and moved to Sanshuang. "Next, I expressed my yearning for Pei Changshi:" I have been secretly in love with Gao Yi for ten years, and it is difficult for Yunshan to build a good name. "In addition, in the preface of" Farewell to Nephew Mountain and Autumn Tour to Lushan Mountain "written the following year, I also recalled a sentence like this:" You have traveled to the south for a long time, watched the wonders, and drank Anlu for ten years. "
Judging from the above three paragraphs of Li Bai's own words, he has lived in Anlu area for about ten years. In the last three years of this period, he married Xu, a famous family in Anlu, and spent his married life here. Later, Ceng Gong's Preface also said: "Those who dream that Xu Shi is in the clouds are also the home of the Prime Minister. May be based on the above research results, my wife is white, and my dream stays for three years. The so-called "three years" refers to the relatively stable but short marriage life in Anlu period.
On the other hand, judging from the preface, Li Bai was "in harmony with Liu" during the Anlu period. I don't know why this mistress of Liu flatly "decided" something else. Inferring from Wei's so-called "Liu Ji", the breakup between them is not so much that Li Bai left Liu, so it is better to assume that Liu took the initiative to sever the relationship for the time being. Of all the women who have made friends with Li Bai, she is the only one who has done so.
Later, when Li Bai was thirty-five or six years old, he left Anlu and went to the land of Qilu in the Far East. Why did Li Bai leave Anlu's home, where he lived for 65,438+00 years, when his marriage with Xu Shi was ready? It would be easy to understand if he went to Chang 'an, the imperial capital, but he irrationally insisted on moving far away. What's the need?
The reason for seeking Li Bai's gradual residence is to pay attention to the order in Hao Wei. Because in the preface, regardless of the accidental "combination" of Liu and "a woman in Lu", the official matchmaker recorded his ex-wife Xu and his later wife Zong. To put it another way, after Li Bai moved from Anlu to Qilu, he did not live with another woman in Shandong after bidding farewell to his wife Xu and Xiao Sanliu. As a wife, Xu Shi has been following Li Bai, and Li Bai has newly accepted "a woman in Shandong" when walking with her wife.
If this premise is established, and on this basis, the reason why Li Bai moved to the east foot is inferred, then a historical material that has been abandoned by researchers is "Li Bai, whose word is too white, is from Shandong." ..... Father as a city commandant, because of family background ",this is very important.
It goes without saying that the so-called "father" in Old Tang Shu is not the biological father of Li Bai, an overseas Chinese businessman who moved to Sichuan from the western regions. However, the Book of Old Tang Dynasty, as an official history compiled on the basis of many historical materials of the Tang Dynasty at that time, should have corresponding facts. If so, the "father" in this biography should not be the father of Mrs. Lu, a mistress who doesn't even have a name, but actually the father of his wife Xu, that is, Li Bai's adoptive father. This explanation is not a misunderstanding. The adoptive father was appointed as Donglu county magistrate, but Li Bai, who had not yet taken office, went to Rencheng with his newly married wife and young son and hastily built a new house.
My inference is naturally quite different from what most researchers have always thought. The reason for this difference lies in the different positions and methods of reading and inferring Xu Wei. For example, judging the wives and concubines listed by Li Bai in Xu Wei, generally speaking, the wives and concubines were changed in turn according to the order of Six Records of the Xu Family. I will do the double-track processing, and divide my wife Xu and Xiao San Liu and Lu into two parts, so that my wife and Xiao San can coexist in time. Although this view may be ridiculed, at least in common sense, it makes Li Bai's poem about his wife written in Jiangnan (which will be mentioned later) easier to understand than the traditional view.
Since then, Li Bai has lived in seclusion in Zhuxi, Donglu, and has been called "Zhuxi Six Times" with Kong, Han Zhun, Pei Zheng, Tao Mian. After the first year of Tianbao, at the age of forty-two, he moved from Donglu to Jiangnan and hid in Huiji with Taoist Wu Yun. Because of Wu Yun's recommendation, Li Bai was unexpectedly wooed by Xuanzong, and he was more and more looking forward to getting to the capital.
At this time, the poem "Nanling children don't go to Beijing" sang the innocence of children who were entangled by their fathers: "Children sing and laugh and lead people to dress." The "children" here may be what Xu Wei called "a woman and a man", that is, the eldest daughter and the eldest man born to Xu are both "moon slaves", which is the so-called "charming girl word Pingyang" and "children are named birds" as shown in the poem "Send Two Women to the East" written later. This point was first pointed out by Matsuura Yujiu's Textual Research on Li Bai's Family, and later it was also verified by various scholars.
This poem satirizes Li Bai's wife's parting with "children" and compares it to the wife of traitor Zhu. It sings the story that the wife in Huiji failed to foresee the future of Rong Da when her husband was poor and cheap, and divorced in a scolding ("Biography of Mai Chen"): "Huiji's foolish wife despises buying ministers, and Yu also left home for Qin."
Regarding Li Bai's wife at this time, Guo Moruo's "Li Bai and Du Fu" put forward a new theory of combining with Liu: "This Liu may be the combination of Li Bai's first year of traveling to Jiangdong, and he divorced soon after the combination. The' Hui Ji fool' cursed in "Nanling Biezi goes to Beijing" should be this Liu. " Guo's statement has also been recognized.
But Guo's statement is as rash as his statement of "one woman and one man", which is an outrageous statement without credibility. Because first of all, it is totally unreasonable for this Liu to designate her as a mistress in the Jiangnan period after Xu and Qilu before Lu Yi. Second, when Guo put forward his new theory, he seemed to stick to the "Kuaiji" end of "Kuaiji Fool", but in fact, the focus of the poem was to compare Rong Da's "fool" end who could not foresee her husband's future. This poem, written roughly at the same time and place, also said, "When I went out, my wife grabbed my clothes and asked me how long I would go back to the West." When I came, I wore a golden seal, and I didn't get off the plane without seeing Su Qin. In the poem, he compares his wife to Su Qin in Luoyang. When Su Qin came home, his wife was so cold that she didn't even get off the loom.
In short, the so-called "wife" in the above poems should be the wife and son of a family according to the text. It can be inferred that before becoming an official in Chang 'an, Li Bai lived in Anlu, Donglu and Jiangnan with his wife Xu, his youngest daughter Pingyang and his eldest son Boqin (a slave of Yue Ming). So, after Li Bai arrived in Chang 'an, his left-behind wife, Xu, accompanied his young daughter and son, waiting for Li Bai to return to the east foot from Jiangnan. Moreover, among the two young children, at least the younger brother, Bochen, was probably born after Li Bai and his wife moved from Anlu to Donglu. It is the story with the same name as "Boqin" written by Duke Lu of Zhou Dynasty. What is full of this name is Li Bai's great expectation and care for his eldest son.
Reading Ceng Gong's Preface, there are four places where Li Bai stayed for a long time and had a deep relationship, namely, Anlu in South Chu before Chang 'an became an official, Zhuxi in East Shandong, Liangdi in Henan after Chang 'an was frustrated (now Kaifeng), Yueyang and Jiangxia after Yelang fled (now Wuhan). Li Bai originally lived in Anlu. According to the detailed description, he had a daughter and a son with his wife Xu Shiyu, and once had a crush on his mistress Liu. Next, I moved to Donglu, where I accepted a woman named Lu instead of giving birth to a man named Lu.