China's love originated from Yiyuan, Shandong.
"The Book of Songs Xiaoya Dadong Pian" says: "There is Han, and there is light in youth. Weaver Girl, seven times a day, though seven times, is not a newspaper. Petunia, don't take the box. " It shows that the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl first appeared as the names of two stars. "Zuo Zhuan Zhao Zhuan Gong Jiu Nian" said: "With Wang Shang, Bo Gu, I also came from the East. Bo Ye, Shang Xuan Lu Ye. " The above two documents prove that "Dadong" refers to land. Yiyuan County, Zibo City, Shandong Province is located between Qilu and is the core area of Dadong. The story of Tianhe, the Cowherd and Weaver Girl Club on Tanabata Night, comes from the romance of astronomical phenomena and is a reflection of the ancient view of astronomical phenomena. The Weaver Girl is the star of July. In the ancient times when men plowed and women wove, it was an era when women wove day and night. So what does Petunia's name have to do with the season? "Historical Records Tianguanshu" says: "Cows are sacrificed." In the Mid-Autumn Festival in August, cattle, sheep and other livestock are getting richer and can be used as sacrifices. At this time, it was dusk, and the bright Vega had left her head and slipped to the west, while another star on the east bank of the Milky Way rose to the zenith, which was regarded as a symbol of offering sacrifices to the moon and was naturally named Petunia. It is based on the deification and personification of the stars and the combination with farming life that the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl came into being. Therefore, when Yiyuan people look up at the starry sky and pay homage to the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl on Tanabata, they always pray for the weaving skills from the Weaver Girl, hoping to have the hands as dexterous as the Weaver Girl, a kind and intelligent heart and pray for love and happiness. Therefore, China's Valentine's Day is also called Clever Day. Second, the legend of scenery naturally conforms to the origin of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, and cannot be separated from the prototype of life. As mentioned in the Shandong folk opera "Tianhe Pei", Niulang's name is Sun Shouyi and he lives in Niulangguan Village. This family named Sun has lived in Niulangguan Village of Yiyuan County for generations, which naturally coincides with this legend. Niulang Temple in Niulangguan Village was built in the 9th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in the 20th year of Jiaxing in Qing Dynasty. There are statues of the Cowherd and their children in the temple, next to the Taurus, and the wall is painted with the complete legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. Due to the destruction, only stone tablets and foundations are left in Niulang Temple. In 2009, it was rebuilt, the old system was restored and the Sun ancestral hall was expanded. On the bank of yi river, which flows through Yanzi Cliff in Yiyuan County, there is a beautiful big fairy mountain. According to legend, Zhang Daotong, a native of Zhou Mo, has been here and practiced in a cave. One day, he dreamed that a woman was crying and said that she was the daughter of the Jade Emperor. Because she worships the cowherd on the earth, she came to the earth and has no place to live for the time being. Please take her in. After Zhang Daotong woke up, he went to the village at the foot of the mountain to look for it. If he sees a cowherd and Sun Shouyi, he will be unhappy. So he moved out of the hole and gave it to the Weaver Girl. In the Tang Dynasty, someone passed by here and vaguely heard the sound of a loom coming from the cave. It was amazing, so he made a statue of the Weaver Girl in the cave, hence the name "Fairy Cave of the Weaver Girl", which is one of the eight scenic spots in Yiyuan. The cave has been rebuilt many times and is now built in the Qing Dynasty. The inscriptions in the caves of past dynasties are well preserved. Among them, the inscription on the rebuilt building of the Weaver Girl Cave in Yishui County reads: "Tang Zhiren crossed the valley and heard the sound of a machine in the cave, so the Weaver Girl also rose from the other side to the Cow Palace, and the Cow Palace became like a statue in the sky and formed underground ..." Locals believe that the Yi River is a river separating the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. According to legend, every year on the evening of the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, all the birds in the mountains will come to build a magpie bridge to meet the cowherd and the weaver girl. Birds and beasts in the mountains are looking forward to the river moving, so that they can meet each other every day. After a long time, "Yi River" became the name of this river. Later, people changed "Yi" to "Yi". In the local dialect, "Yihe" is homophonic with "Yinhe". It can be seen that in terms of local scenery, there are many reasonable similarities between this place and the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl, which further proves that the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl originated in Yiyuan, Shandong Province. Third, other "origins" spread in areas after the Han Dynasty. The legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl originated in Nanyang, Henan, Xingtai, Hebei and Xiangyang, Hubei. But this theory of origin is far-fetched. Strictly speaking, it can only be regarded as a transmission area. The reasons are as follows. By the Han Dynasty, the love legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl had been widely circulated all over the country. In order to solve the problem of water supply in Chang 'an, the capital of Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty dug Kunming Pool and set up a stone sculpture of Cowherd and Weaver Maid, imitating the scene of the river facing each other the next day. From then on, the legendary Cowherd and Weaver Girl had a concrete image for the first time. In the palace of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, a Qiao Qi building was built, which was 100 feet high and could accommodate dozens of people. It can be seen that the formation of Valentine's Day in China is related to the vigorous promotion of the royal families in previous dynasties. On June 7, 2008, in the Notice of the State Council on Publishing the Second Batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage List and the First Batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage Extension Project List, the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl declared by Yiyuan County, Zibo City, Shandong Province and heshun county, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province was listed as national intangible cultural heritage. Heshun, Shanxi is a place that has made many interpretations of Qixi culture. More than ten place names such as Niulanggou, Niulangdong, Tianchi, Niulangmiao, Zhinv Temple, Nantianmen, Jinniudong, Laoniukou, Niutoushan, Hehuanbei and Magpie Mountain correspond to the plot of the legend of Niulangdong and Zhinv, and there are also places. Cowherd is a poor peasant with too many landscapes and plots, which loses the rationality of the evolution of the original ecology of folk customs and has obvious deductive elements. In 2007, the first national symposium on the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl was held in Yiyuan. More than 30 famous scholars of folklore and folk literature from both sides of the Taiwan Strait visited the historical relics and legends of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in Yiyuan, and discussed the relationship between its historical origin, story inheritance and local culture. They agreed that Yiyuan was the core spreading place of the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl. Mr. Liu, President of the Chinese Folklore Society, awarded the plaque of "Hometown of China Folklore-Cowherd and Weaver Girl" to Yiyuan County Government. To sum up, the author thinks that the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl originated in Yiyuan County, Zibo City, Shandong Province, and the exact origin of the stamp theme of "Folk Custom-Cowherd and the Weaver Girl" is in Yiyuan. The artistic treasure of Han Dynasty in Doumen Town, Xi: the origin of the stone statue of Shipo. According to historical records, the first artificial river Kunming Pool in the history of China was dug by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in Chang 'an, the capital of China, and he compared it to the Milky Way in the sky. In order to welcome the astronomical phenomena, statues of cowherd and weaver girl were carved on both sides of the river. With the humanoid Cowherd and Weaver Girl, the folk love story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl is gradually deduced. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were "Altair all the way, Han women along the Jiao Jiao River". Delicate hands, Zazanong loom; There is no chapter all day, and tears are pouring down. What's the difference between a clear river and a shallow one? The ancient poem "Ying Ying Yi Shui, the pulse is silent" describes their love. With the accumulation of time, more and more poems praise their love, and Tanabata has gradually become China's "Valentine's Day". According to textual research, in the third year of Emperor founding ceremony of the Han Dynasty, namely 120 BC, in order to conquer the southwest countries, Emperor Wu dug a Kunming pool for training the water army in Doumen Street, Chang 'an District, Xi 'an today, and set up stone statues of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl on the east and west sides of the pool, facing each other across the pool, taking the legend that the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl are "full of water and speechless" and the wonderful legend about the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has been widely circulated in China since then. 1956, "Master Shi and Shipo Statue" was listed as the first batch of provincial key protected cultural relics. Xijing Fu written by Zhang Heng, a great scientist in Han Dynasty, records the mysterious sites of Kunming Lingfen and Heishui. Weeks are surrounded by golden dikes, and trees are lined with willows. Yu Ting revealed the truth. Morning glory stands on its left, Weaver girl stands on its right, and the sun and moon come and go, like a hibiscus, like a lemon. Among them are giant turtles, carp, horseshoe crab, horseshoe crab shark, short forehead and broken nose. Ban Gu, the historian and author of Hanshu, recorded in Journey to the West: "It is a collection of Yu Zhang's sentences." There is a cow on the left and a girl weaving on the right, like a boundless cloud. It is recorded in Huainanzi, Santu and Guangji, and he died at the age of. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, that would be terrible. Both Tang Dynasty and Love chose to swear to the moon on the night of the seventh day of July. On the seventh day of the seventh month, in the palace of longevity, we secretly told each other in the silent midnight world that we wanted to fly in heaven, and two birds grew together on the earth with one wing, two branches of a tree. ! This statue is located in Doumen Town, Chang 'an District, Xi 'an. People call it "the statue of Shipo and Shiye". Every year on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, thousands of tourists gather in temples to pray for happy love. Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow in the Tang Dynasty said: "On the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life, we secretly told each other in the quiet midnight world; We hope to fly in heaven, two birds become one and grow on the earth, two branches of a tree ... "Qin Shaoyou's poem" Queqiao Fairy "in Song Dynasty said:" The thin clouds are smart, the flying stars spread resentment, and the milky way is dark. On the seventh day of autumn dew and autumn, it is time to meet, mostly those who are together in the world, but the appearance of husband and wife. Common complaint against acacia, tender feelings like water, meet each other as if it were a dream, when it is hard to see the bridge. If the two love each other for a long time, sooner or later. "Poetry and songs, opera singing art, and film and television works with the love story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl as the theme are endless and amazing. At present, as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit, a provincial scenic spot, a provincial geological park and a provincial forest park, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl Scenic Area has been listed as a key project of cultural construction in Zibo, and the comprehensive development project of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl Love Cultural Park has been listed as a major project in the development planning of urban agglomerations along the Yangtze River in Qing Ji, Shandong Province, and its legend has also been listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list. Yiyuan County, where the Weaving Girl Cave scenic spot is located, established the only specialized research institution of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaving Girl in China on March 1 this year-China Research Center of the Legend of the Cowherd and the Weaving Girl, and is currently organizing the publication of a series of books, namely, The Legend of the Cowherd and the Weaving Girl (five volumes) and Yiyuan, the Holy Land of Love. I believe that through the careful dressing of the industrious and intelligent Yiyuan people, the Cowherd and Weaver Girl Scenic Area, the "source of China's love culture", will surely radiate more gorgeous and charming brilliance. At that time, if you come here again, you will be more glad that you came.
-Story-related-
According to legend, there is a Vega and an Altair in the sky. Weaver Girl and Penny are soul mates. But it is forbidden for men and women to fall in love and fall in love privately. The Weaver Girl is the granddaughter of the Queen Mother, so the Queen Mother demoted Penny to the world and made the Weaver Girl Brocade as a punishment.
Weaver's job is to weave layers of beautiful clouds on the loom with a magical silk, and change their colors with time and season. This is the "heavenly clothes". Ever since Penny was demoted, Weaver Girl has been in Lacrimosa, thinking about Penny with a frown. She sat by the loom and kept knitting beautiful brocade, in order to win the favor of the queen mother and let Penny return to heaven as soon as possible.
One day, several fairies begged the Queen Mother to see the Lian Bi Pool on earth. The queen mother was in a good mood today and promised them. Seeing that the Weaver Girl was unhappy all day, they begged the Queen Mother to let the Weaver Girl go with them. After the punishment, the heavenly queen felt sorry for her granddaughter and told them to go and come back quickly.
After being demoted, Penny was born in a farmer's home and named Cowherd. Later, when his parents died, he lived with his brother and sister-in-law. Brother and sister-in-law are very unfriendly to Cowherd and want to separate from him. They only gave him an old cow and a broken car, and the rest were monopolized by his brother and sister-in-law, and then they separated from the cowherd.
Since then, the cowherd and the old cow have lived together. They cut thorns, cultivated land and built houses in the wasteland. A year or two later, they built a small home and barely made ends meet. However, except for the old cow who can't talk, Cowherd is the only one in the deserted home, and life is quite lonely. The cowherd doesn't know that the old cow is the Taurus in the sky.
On this day, the old cow suddenly spoke and said to the cowherd, "Cowherd, today you go to Bilianchi, where some fairies are taking a bath." You hide that red fairy costume, and the fairy in the red fairy costume will become your wife. " Cowherd was surprised and happy when he saw the old cow talking, so he asked, "Niu Ge, can you really talk?" Is it true what you said? "The old cow nodded, and the cowherd quietly hid in the reeds beside Bilianchi, waiting for the arrival of the fairies.
After a while, the fairies really floated in, took off their light clothes and jumped into the clear stream. The cowherd ran out of the reeds and took the red fairy's clothes. When fairies saw someone coming, they quickly put on their clothes and flew away like birds, leaving only fairies who could not escape without clothes. She is a weaver girl. Seeing that her fairy clothes were taken away by a young man, the Weaver Girl was ashamed and anxious, but she was helpless. At this moment, Cowherd came over and told her that he could not return her clothes unless she promised to be his wife. The weaver girl looked intently and realized that the cowherd was the cow she missed day and night, so she shyly agreed to him. In this way, the Weaver Girl became the wife of the Cowherd.
After they got married, they worked hard, loved each other and lived a very happy life. Soon, they gave birth to a son and a daughter, very cute. Cowherd and Weaver Girl thought they could be together for life and grow old together.
However, when the Queen Mother learned of this incident, she flew into a rage and immediately sent a fairy to catch the Weaver Girl and make amends.
On this day, the weaver girl was cooking, and the cowherd hurried back from the fields. His eyes were red and swollen, and he told Weaver, "Niu Ge is dead. Before he died, he asked me to peel off his cowhide and put it away. One day, I can wear it and fly to the sky. " Hearing this, the Weaver Girl wondered. She knew that the old cow was the golden bull in the sky, and she was demoted to heaven just because she said a few good words for the demoted morning cow. How can you suddenly die? The weaver girl asked the cowherd to peel off the cowhide and bury the old cow.
At this time, the sky is stormy, and the heavenly soldiers will fall from the sky. It is hard to say that it is escorting the Weaver Girl to the sky.
Flying, flying, Weaver Girl heard the voice of Cowherd: "Weaver Girl, wait for me!" " "Looking back, the Weaver Girl saw the Cowherd coming with a pair of baskets and two cowhide children. Slowly, the distance between them is getting closer and closer, and the weaver girl can also see the lovely faces of her children. The children opened their arms and shouted "Mom". Seeing, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl are about to meet. But at this moment, the queen mother came in with Xiangyun. She took off the golden hairpin on her head and rowed it among them. At the moment, a Tianhe wave is caught between the Weaver Girl and the Cowherd and cannot be crossed.
The Weaver Girl looked at the Cowherd and his children across the Tianhe River and cried herself hoarse. Cowherd and children also cried their eyes out. Their cries and the children's cries for "mom" are so heart-wrenching and tearful that even the fairies and immortals watching the battle feel sad and unbearable. Seeing this situation, the Queen Mother was slightly moved by the loyal love of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, so she agreed to let the Cowherd and the children stay in the sky and let them meet once a year on July 7.
From then on, the Cowherd and his children lived in the sky, separated from the Weaver Girl by a Tianhe River. Among the stars in the autumn night sky, we can still see two big stars on both sides of the Milky Way. They are Vega and Altair. The Altair has two little stars, namely a son and a daughter of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.
On July 7, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl met, and countless groups of magpies flew to bridge the gap for them. On the Magpie Bridge, Cowherd and Weaver Girl meet again! The Weaver Cowherd is affectionate, hugging the children, and there are endless words and feelings!
Legend has it that on July 7th every year, if people listen quietly in the vines under the grape trellis, they can vaguely hear Yue Xian's performance, and the Weaver Girl and the Cowherd are talking affectionately. To put it bluntly, it's been a long time before I met her, but it's been longer since we broke up. They look forward to meeting again on July 7 of the next year every day.
Later, on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, it is said that when the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl meet at the Magpie Bridge, the girls will come to the flowers and the moon, look up at the starry sky, look for the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl on both sides of the Milky Way, hoping to see their annual meeting, and pray to God that they will be as ingenious as the Weaver Girl, and pray that they can have a happy marriage and beautiful love, thus forming China's Valentine's Day.
This story contains the core values of matriarchal clan society, that is, matriarchal families raise children, and husbands can only reunite with their wives and children occasionally. This shows its long history.
-Origin and development-
The two words "Weaver Girl" and "Petunia" can be found in the text, which first appeared in Dadong in the Book of Songs. Weaver Girl and Morning Glory in the poem are just the names of two constellations in the sky, and there is no relationship between them. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, among the Nineteen Ancient Poems written by Anonymous, there was a poem "The Distant Altair", from which we can see that Altair and Weaver Girl were lovers who loved each other, but they were not identified as husband and wife in the poem. In written records, the earliest person who called Cowherd and Weaver Girl husband and wife should be the Selected Works compiled by Xiao Tong of Liang Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Among them, a note in Luoshen House said: "Petunia is the husband, Weaver Girl is the woman, and the star of Weaver Girl Petunia is beside the river drums everywhere, and it will be a while on July 7." At this time, the story of "Cowherd and Weaver Girl" and the plot of Tanabata meeting have begun to take shape, from two stars in the sky to husband and wife. However, in the imagination of the ancients, couples in heaven and couples on earth are basically the same, so there is no tragic color in the story. As for why Penny and Weaver stayed for a short time on July 7th? The original text does not explain. According to later generations, on the one hand, it may be that the stars in the sky are the brightest in July every year, and the morning glory and the weaver girl are very close; On the other hand, July 7th is the day of folk custom "begging for cleverness". The working people regard the Weaver Girl as an expert and can weave a hundred horses in ten days, so they "beg for cleverness" from her. As a result, people mixed the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl with folk customs. As time goes on, the story continues to enrich and develop. There is such a record in the Chronicle of Jingchu: "To the east of the Tianhe River, there is a weaver girl, and the son of the Emperor of Heaven also weaves hard labor and a brocade every year. Sad for his loneliness, the Emperor of Heaven betrothed him to Hexi to lead the cowherd and gave up weaving after marriage. The Emperor of Heaven was furious and ordered him to return to Hedong, only for a period of time on July 7 every year. " The story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has changed a lot from here to now. Because the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl were greedy for pleasure after marriage, they "abandoned weaving", which angered the Emperor of Heaven and was punished. This brings a tragic atmosphere to the story. Besides, there are two kinds of legends. First, the Weaver Girl is the seventh (some say the ninth) granddaughter of the Emperor of Heaven. She weaves brocade clothes in the east of Tianhe, and the cowherd grazes cattle in the west of Tianhe. They are both diligent. The heavenly emperor pitied them and let them get married. After marriage, the two are greedy for pleasure, which wastes people and money. The Emperor of Heaven was so angry that he separated them and ordered the crow to tell them that they would meet once every seven days across the Tianhe River. However, the crow spread false news that they would meet on July 7 every year. Second, the Weaver Girl is the granddaughter of the Queen Mother, weaving clouds in the sky. Cowherd is a cowherd on earth and is abused by his brother and sister-in-law. One day, the cow told him that the Weaver Girl was going to bathe in the Galaxy with other fairies and asked the cow to take a fairy costume. When the weaver girl looks for clothes, she will return them to her and propose to her. Of course, she will agree. So is the cowherd. After the Weaver Girl and the Cowherd got married, they gave birth to a boy and a girl. When the Queen Mother knew about it, she took the Weaver Girl back. The cow told the cowherd that he could put his skin on his body and chase him to the sky. When the Cowherd picked out two children and chased them to the sky, the Queen Mother plucked the hair clasp from her head and drew a milky way behind the Weaver Girl to separate the loving couple. Crying across the river every day touched the queen mother, so they were allowed to meet once a year on July 7. When they met, magpies bridged the gap between them. The basic plot of the previous legend is similar to the story of Jingchu era, with the addition of the plot of "crow sending words" The latter legend greatly enriched and developed the original story. It has changed from the love between stars and gods to the love between people and gods. As for other legends, most of them are based on this and extended. Then, why add the role of the old cow to the later legends and let it play a huge role in the story? Because cattle are the treasure of the farm, farmers love breeding cattle and even pin their life ideals on them. When the ideal of life is hindered, farmers often have the illusion of helping cows, hoping that cows will exert their magical power to help them tide over the difficulties. At the same time, anthropomorphizing animals is also one of the artistic techniques often used in various folklore.