(a), study excellent inscriptions. To practice chalk writing, we should write excellent inscriptions (tablets: rubbings of stone carvings, woodcuts and other words; Post: a template for direct writing. ), and first write in italics. There are many templates for temporary writing, and it is best to choose the excellent ones you like to practice, such as Tang Xiaokai's tablet "Tang Lingfei Jing" or the pen copybooks of contemporary Si Mayan and Sima Dong. After mastering a style, you can dabble in it widely, so as to grasp the * * * nature and facilitate integration. When you are writing, you should first copy the template, and then memorize it after you are proficient. The temporary writing is carried out on the basis of understanding the techniques of the temporary tablet. Therefore, before writing, we should study the relevant theories, read the posts carefully, then practice writing strokes, and then write complete words after being proficient. After writing the words silently, we should write the whole posts. Repeat according to the above requirements, and finally achieve the purpose of good handwriting and the beauty of the whole combination. (2) Grasp the writing skills of chalk characters. 1. Stroke practice: Grasp the essentials of starting, writing, turning and closing the pen: "Starting and closing the pen is powerful, and the weight will be known naturally", so as to achieve "the pen is in place" and write the chalk characters well, the knot is the key and the stroke is the foundation. The writing requirements of chalk characters are the same as those of ordinary hard pens: starting pen, writing fast, closing pen and turning pen; The strokes should be steady, the force should be even, and the lines should be strong and smooth. When writing a turning stroke, you should use a pen at the turning point. When writing a curved stroke, your hand should twist the chalk with the bending of the stroke. Avoid using a pen at will to make the lines form a folded belt, which will make the lines weak and weak. For example, "knife, milk, swing", the pen collection generally has the trend of "returning the pen", and the pen collection such as hooking, skimming, lifting and hanging the needle should be carried out according to the trend, but the internal force should be kept constant and the force should be sent to the head. For example, "people, ginseng, clock and field" should be written at a proper speed, and the effect of hiding pens when starting and closing pens is not obvious, so "meaning" is enough, but whether writing strokes in the main position or strokes in the secondary position, the pens must be in place. The specific writing of strokes is as follows: (model writing) point-virtual pen and gradually press the pen back to make the gesture. Horizontal-press the pen to start the pen, there is a tendency to hide the pen, and then go to the right, and press the pen back to close the pen. Vertical —— Press the pen to start the pen, which tends to hide the pen, and then go down, or press the pen back to close the pen (hanging down), or take advantage of the trend to raise the pen in a hanging needle shape. Left-click the pen to start, there is a tendency to hide the pen, left-click, and then take advantage of the situation. Sip-press the pen to start writing, slightly hiding the pen, and then go down to the right, showing twists and turns, and then take advantage of the trend to start writing. Pick-press the pen to start the pen, there is a tendency to hide the pen, and then pick up the pen to the right. Fold-when you start writing by pressing the pen, there is a tendency to hide the pen. When you finish writing at the fold, stop writing, and then press back to collect the pen. Hook-the horizontal hook is like folding, but after folding, the pen is tilted out of the front; The vertical hook is like a vertical hook, but when pressing the pen back in the vertical painting, it is convenient to raise the pen to the left and go out; When the arc hook starts writing, it tends to hide the pen by pressing the pen, and then it curves, while turning the pen to the hook to return the pen, so as to pick up the pen with the trend. 2, grasp the structure: correctly handle the structural relationship of chalk characters, so that the strokes are properly combined and the font is rigorous and beautiful. The key to practicing chalk characters is the combination of strokes, and the key to combination is to correctly handle the positional relationship between strokes, interspersed echo relationship, etc. (1) Keep the shape of the word "square". The chalk word is a square word, but the founder of the word is not absolute, but the overall feeling. Most of the words are just the starting or ending points of some strokes at the edge of the box (very few of them are slightly beyond), while other places are within the box. In the process of practice, we should first form the understanding that "the word is square", and then pay attention to properly expressing the feeling of the whole square of the word: the strokes on the edge of the square and the strokes crossing the edge of the square are well positioned, and the strokes that are not on the side are written in place. Such as: blood, giant (2) analysis structure and proportion chalk characters are divided into two types: single characters and combined characters. The words of combination structure are divided into up-and-down combination, up-and-down combination, left-and-right combination, left-and-right combination, up-and-down combination, inside-and-out combination and staggered combination. It is very important to practice chalk characters and analyze the proportion of each part of the combined structure to accurately locate the strokes of each character. At the beginning, we can deliberately divide the proportion of each part of the combined structure font. After repeated practice, we can grasp the proportion of the combination, and finally we can achieve the goal of matching the proportion. For example: left, right, false, meaning (3) The chalk word structure that embodies the characteristics of tight top and loose bottom is like the human body structure, most of which < P > have compact upper parts and stretch lower parts. From the aesthetic point of view, only the proper combination of density and density can produce aesthetic feeling. In a picture, the combination of objects and images is "sparse and tight," and the transition level is appropriate and the form is beautiful. A word is a picture-tight but not crowded, loose but not empty, moderate tightness and contrast, forming a harmonious and beautiful. If you grasp the law of tightening up and loosening down when practicing chalk characters, you can break through the difficulty of "easy and even arrangement" of stroke combinations. For example, Jia and Xiao (4) emphasize that the inside is tight and the outside is loose. Doing chalk writing exercises emphasizes that each word should be written as "a", and there should be no sense of looseness. The solution is to write words compactly inside and outspread outside. Words that are rigorous and inseparable are like all the strokes are concentrated in the center, which has cohesion and forms a whole; Another example is that it diverges from the center to the outside, and it is very stretched and has a free and easy feeling. It can be seen that the contrast between the internal and external accumulation and dispersion of chalk characters is not only another means to solve the problem of uniform arrangement of strokes, but also a condition for forming beautiful glyphs. It is very effective to strengthen the practice of tightening inside and loosening outside by using Mi Zige (□) and Huigongge (□). For example, grinding, rounding (5), and paying attention to the left-closed and right-placed chalk characters, another notable feature is that the left strokes are closed and the right strokes are more open. This contrast can highlight the spirit of words and give people a sense of arrogance. There are two reasons for the chalk word to be left closed and right placed: first, it is caused by the influence of stroke personality-most strokes on the left have the characteristics of closing momentum, while most on the right are the opposite; Second, the need of structural change-contrast produces beauty, and change sees the spirit. In practice, the structural convergence and liberalization of words are generally emphasized, that is, the left part of words converges and the right part loosens. Training according to the principle of left-closing and right-opening can prevent the problems of full opening of writing, "flowering" on all sides, no contrast in publicity and insipid taste, and can also avoid the problems of inadequate writing of strokes, insufficient opening, excessive closing, and pettiness. For example, there is not much room for adjustment in the position of strokes that are suitable to be interspersed in order to echo chalk characters, and the difference in writing is uncomfortable at all, especially some subtle treatments related to the interrelationship between strokes make it more difficult for practitioners. Therefore, it is an arduous task for practitioners to deal with the positional relationship of strokes in terms of how to compete for interpenetration, how to respond, and to what extent the interpenetration echoes. According to experience, the effective solutions are as follows: (1) Pay attention to observing the model characters and understand the role of strokes interspersed and echoed. For example, (2) Grasp the rules through training and write skillfully: the reasonable competition and interpenetration of strokes strengthen the connection between the parts of the word, and the mutual care between strokes makes the font inseparable. Such as: Shuang, Fan (7), striving for a stable center of gravity Although the chalk characters are square characters, most of them are balanced and asymmetrical. When writing, a little carelessness will shift the center of gravity, resulting in a stagger phenomenon. The center of gravity is the center point that supports Chinese characters. If you find the center of gravity correctly and arrange the strokes, you can write the characters correctly and smoothly. Generally, there are two main types of strokes that support the center of gravity of a word: one is composed of vertical strokes, such as Ping, Mu, Wu and Shi, which should be written straight and powerful, like a pillar, supporting the center of gravity of the whole word, and the other is oblique strokes, mainly skimming, pressing, sketching, etc. For example, the words such as Shao, Zhi, Cheng and Nai should be balanced in the oblique direction, and attention should be paid to mastering the strokes. There are more than two words formed by the same structural units, and the center of gravity is generally in the middle or lower part of these structures, such as "Peng, Duo, Jing, Sen". (8), keep in mind that "empty and full" is very convenient to practice in the box because the chalk word is square. But when practicing in the box, which strokes must be clear? Which strokes contract? What kind of strokes are abnormal? According to the analysis of people's visual feeling, all strokes parallel to the box line give people a sense of expansion, so writing such strokes should be appropriately contracted, which is called full harvest, such as writing the word "country"; All the strokes that intersect with the box make people feel more appropriate, such as writing the word "single" However, words with few intersections with the box are small when written in the box, such as the diamond-shaped word "Ling", for which only a proper break can feel the appropriate size. In fact, writing chalk characters pursues the visual consistency of size, but the actual inconsistency. Then, when writing, we can only keep the overall feeling of the word appropriate if we put it in a timely and empty way.
Practice repeatedly and cultivate your ability to "freeze". The purpose of teachers' chalk writing practice is to improve the quality of blackboard writing. When writing on the blackboard, teachers are required not only to write by memorization, but also to reflect the level of practice, and also to emphasize the layout of the blackboard. Therefore, the practice of blackboard writing layout with chalk characters should become another focus of teachers' practice. The general requirements of blackboard writing layout exercises are as follows: 1. Layout design should be carried out before blackboard writing to ensure that there is a clear idea when blackboard writing. Layout design mainly includes two parts: the position design of blackboard writing content and the form design of layout. Layout should follow the principles of margin > article spacing > line spacing > word spacing. Blackboard writing generally requires horizontal arrangement, and less vertical arrangement. 2. Emphasize the overall beauty. The combination of the whole word is the key and difficult point in the layout of the blackboard, and its effect directly affects the visual experience. The beauty of the whole blackboard writing combination includes two meanings: beautiful writing and proper arrangement of words. To reach the standard of overall beauty and consistency, blackboard writing needs persistent practice until it has the ability to "freeze"-you can write every word by hand, and you can write the second and third words conveniently after the first word is written ... and make sure that its size, density (black and white) are appropriate, and its expression and rhythm are well reflected. With the ability of "freeze-frame", the blackboard writing will reach the realm of "germinal", and the blackboard writing will become a work-creation, and an overall beautiful blackboard writing will leap on the "paper".