1. Looking for ancient Chinese prose that is often done in junior high schools
How about the following one? 60 articles on classical Chinese reading training for junior middle school students (1) Minhui 1. Huang Wan’s clever pairing Huang Wan is young and wise.
My grandfather Qiong was the prefect of Wei County. There was a solar eclipse on the first lunar month of the first year of Jianhe.
The capital was missing but Qiong heard about it. The Queen Mother asked how much she had eaten.
Jones is right but doesn’t know what’s going on. Wan, who was seven years old, stood by and said, "Why don't you say that the rest of the solar eclipse is like the beginning of the moon?" Qiong was shocked, and she responded to the imperial edict with her words, and she fell in love with her deeply.
Notes ① Jianhe: the reign name of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty. The first year of Jianhe was AD 147.
②The capital is missing: The solar eclipse cannot be seen in the capital. Cultural knowledge "Queen Mother" and others.
Since the Qin Dynasty, the emperor has been called "emperor" and the emperor's wife has been called "empress". "Queen Mother" (or Empress Dowager) refers to the emperor's mother (the mother of the princes and kings of the Zhou Dynasty is also called "Queen Mother"), and the emperor's father is called "Tai Shang Huang".
Thoughts and exercises 1. Explanation: ①Edict ②Qi 2. Translation: ①Qiong thinks that he is right but does not know what the situation is; ②That is, he responds to the edict with his words 3. Choice: "Qiong heard about it" There are Which of the following understandings is incorrect? ① Huang Qiong heard about the situation; ② Huang Qiong reported the situation to the emperor; ③ Huang Qiong let the emperor hear about the situation. 4. Understand: What does Huang Wan say about the appearance after a solar eclipse? 2. Child prodigy Zhuang Yougong Zhuang Yougong in Guangdong is known as a child prodigy.
The neighboring town of Guangdong, the General's Office, was performing a kite-flying show. It was suitable to be placed in the inner house of the General's Office, and the village went directly to ask for it. Because of his extraordinary divine personality, Zhu Yi suddenly asked: "Where did the boy come from?" Zhuang Yizhen was right.
The general asked: "Have you ever studied? Have you ever been correct?" Zhuang said: "Yes, it is a trivial matter, why is it so difficult!" The general asked: "How many words can you get correct?" Zhuang said: "If you can write one word, you can also write a hundred words." The general boasted about the size of the square. Pointing to the paintings in the hall, he ordered him to say: "In the old painting hall, the dragon does not sing, the tiger does not roar, and the flowers If you don't smell the fragrance and the birds don't chirp, this kid is ridiculous."
Zhuang said: "Just one game of chess here is enough." He responded: "It's half a game of chess, the rook has no wheels, and the horse has no wheels. No saddle, no smoke for the cannon, no fire for the soldiers, no food, shout to the general to be careful."
Notes ① Guangdong: Today's Panyu City, Guangdong. ② Zhuang Yougong: A native of the Qing Dynasty, he served as the Minister of the Ministry of Punishment.
③Divinity: divine order and temperament. ④Have you ever been a pair? Have you ever learned a pair? ⑤ Hall affairs: refers to the lobby.
⑥ Fire pawn: The cook in the army. Cultural knowledge chess.
Go and Xiangqi are the two major chess activities in China. Most experts believe that there was Go first and then chess.
The term "xiangqi" first appeared in "The Songs of Chu: Soul Calling". From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the early Tang Dynasty, there were only four arms in xiangqi: generals, rooks, horses and pawns. In the Tang Dynasty, "Pao" was added, and in the Northern Song Dynasty, "Pian" and "Zen" were added, which are equivalent to "Shi" and "Xiang".
By the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, Chinese chess was truly finalized: a chess set has 32 pieces, divided into generals, soldiers, elephants, soldiers, chariots, horses, and cannons. Thoughts and exercises 1. Explanation: ① Department ② Suitable ③ Chess ④ Right ⑤ Praise 2. Translation: ① All battles are ignored because they are young; ② He said in a sudden question; ③ Zhuang Yizhen is right; ④ Why is it so difficult! 3. Cao Zhi is smart. Cao Zhi is more than ten years old. He has recited hundreds of thousands of poems, treatises and poems. He is good at literature.
Taizu tasted his article and asked Zhi: "Are you asking someone to do something wrong?" Zhi knelt down and said: "What you say is what you say, and what you write is what you write. It's like an interview. How can I invite people?" Shi Yebi said It's done, it's impressive.
Taizu was very different. Notes ① "Poetry" and "Lun": refers to "The Book of Songs" and "The Analects of Confucius".
② Fu: an ancient literary style. ③Taizu: refers to Cao Cao.
④Discussion: discussion. ⑤Ye: An ancient place name, in today’s Henan Province.
⑥Bronze Bird Pavilion: The pavilion built by Cao Cao in Yecheng. Cultural common sense The writer Cao Zhi.
Cao Zhi is the son of Cao Cao, named Zijian. He was enlightened since he was a child. Because he was rich in talent and learning, he was favored by Cao Cao in his early years. He once wanted to make him a prince, which aroused the jealousy of his brother Cao Pi.
After Cao Pi became emperor, Cao Zhi became even more jealous and died of depression. Most of his poems are five-character poems. In the early stage, a few wounds reflected the social turmoil and his own ambitions, while in the later stage, he expressed his depression.
Today there is "Cao Zijian Collection". Thinking and practice 1. Explanation: ① Gu ② Learn ③ General ④ Zhu ⑤ Aid 2. Translation: Shan Shiwen; ② Nai He invites people; ③ Taizu is very different 3. Understand: What does "keep in mind" mean? 4. Write "Poetry in Seven Steps" silently.
4. Abalone is hard to come by. The ancestors of the Qitian family lived in the court, and there were thousands of guests. When someone offered fish or geese, Mr. Tian looked at them and said, "Heaven is kind to the people! He raised grains and raised fish and birds for their own use."
All the guests joined in. There is a son of the Bao family, twelve years old, who is also sitting and says: "It's not as good as what you said."
All things in heaven and earth are born with me, and they are of the same kind. There is no high or low in the kind, and they are only controlled by small and big intelligence. , eat each other, do not live for each other.
People take what is edible and eat it. How can it be that nature is for human beings? Moreover, gnats eat skin, and tigers and wolves eat meat. It is not natural for mosquitoes to eat humans, and tigers and wolves to eat meat! ” Notes ① Tian family: A (noble) person with the surname Tian of Qi State. ② Ancestor: The ancients held banquets to worship the road gods when they traveled far away.
③ Traditional: Yu. ④ Born out of each other: No To survive for the sake of the other party's survival.
⑤ A blood-sucking insect. ⑥囋: Bite. A person who relied on his skills to join the nobility during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. They are called "diners".
In order to recruit talents and show their strength, powerful people have as many as three thousand diners, and some as few as hundreds. Among the diners, some are good at making suggestions, some are good at diplomacy, and some are good at diplomacy. Eaters can sometimes become diners
Thinking and practicing 1. Explanation: ① and ② are also combined with ④ 2. Translation: ① Heaven is kind to the people. ②It is not as good as the king's words ③The disciples are controlled by their small and big intelligence 3. The "difficulty" in the title "Bao Zi is a guest" is explained as
5. Cao Shaokui caught the "weird". There was a monk in Luoyang. The monks thought it was strange and became ill.
They asked the magicians to stop him, but they couldn't help it. , Russia, struck the fasting bell, and then made another sound.
Shao Kui said with a smile, "There will be a feast tomorrow, so I'll take care of it." "Although the monk didn't believe Shao Kui's words, he still hoped that they would be effective, so he had a meal ready for him.
After Kui finished eating, he took out the file from his arms and used it in several places. The sound was gone. The monk asked him hard. Therefore, Shao Kui said: "This chi is in harmony with the rhythm of the bell, and the strikes are in response to each other. "
The monk was overjoyed and his illness was cured. Note ①: A percussion instrument.
Monks use it to perform Buddhist rituals. ② Warlock: A person with magic.
③Zhai Zhong: The bell for serving meals in the temple. ④Lühe: Refers to the same frequency.
Classical Chinese knowledge says "that" has two meanings: first, it refers to "that". "That".
The above "hit each other" means to hit that, this. 2. A brief discussion on how to create a lively and efficient junior high school classical Chinese classroom
Classical Chinese teaching is the key to middle school. An important part of Chinese reading, it plays the role of inheriting the excellent national culture, providing ideological and moral education to students, helping students understand ancient society and better master modern Chinese.
Started in the autumn of 2000. The new middle school Chinese textbook of the People's Education Press increases the amount of reading of ancient poetry and classical Chinese. The new syllabus puts forward the requirement of "reciting ancient poetry and simple classical Chinese, understanding the content with the help of annotations and reference books, and reciting a certain number of famous works." In the past, two major characteristics have emerged: first, the amount of reading in classical Chinese teaching in junior high schools has increased; second, the learning requirements for students have been reduced, focusing only on reading, reciting and understanding of basic content, while focusing on the meaning of function words and parts of speech. There are no specific requirements for conjugation and special sentence patterns.
But if you don’t understand and master the words and sentence patterns, how can you understand and apply them? Teaching contradictions. How to break through the difficulties in classical Chinese learning for junior high school students and effectively solve the contradiction between "seeking more for more" and "lower standards for rough reading" will become a major focus of our teaching research.
Based on the above. Considering this, I will start from the following aspects to improve the efficiency of classical Chinese classroom teaching. Once a thorough understanding of the teaching materials is established, the correct understanding of the literal meanings of words and sentences in classical Chinese is one of the foundations and important goals of classical Chinese teaching, but this is not necessarily the case. is the only goal.
In addition, students also need to make appropriate appreciation and analysis of the articles. Most of the classical Chinese texts selected into the textbook have strong literary qualities.
Ideological character, the author's attitude towards life, ideal pursuit, thoughts and feelings all have an impact on the formation of students' outlook on life, values ??and aesthetic tastes. For example, "The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain", "Inscription on the Humble Room", and "The Theory of Love and Lotus" have great literary value. It goes without saying.
Therefore, in teaching, we must first determine the teaching objectives. While guiding students to master the basic knowledge of classical Chinese, we must also allow students to make appropriate appreciation and evaluation of the works. Emotion, imagining the scenery in the text, comprehending the principles in the text, and feeling the elegance in the text are the highest realm pursued in classical Chinese teaching.
Erqiao uses strategies to stimulate interest in first-grade students who are new to the study of classical Chinese. It is difficult. "Interest is the best teacher." When students are interested in learning, they will be motivated and will change from passive learning to active learning.
So, when introducing a new lesson, how to Stimulating students' interest in learning is particularly important. The introduction of lively new lessons can help students enter a positive and enjoyable learning state, alleviate students' fear of learning classical Chinese, and promote students' understanding and accumulation of the words and contents of classical Chinese. According to the characteristics of classical Chinese, the following methods can be tried: 1. Method of introducing idioms and aphorisms. There are many idioms from junior high school classical Chinese texts. For this type of classical Chinese teaching, if corresponding idioms are used to introduce them, good teaching results will be achieved.
In junior high school classical Chinese, there are many articles that can be introduced in this way, such as "Sun Quan's Encourage to Learn" with admiration, and "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring" in the paradise of paradise.
In addition, there are many famous aphorisms in junior high school classical Chinese. Using them to introduce can not only deepen students' understanding of the text, but also strengthen the accumulation of language.
2. Story introduction method Using vivid stories and beautiful legends to introduce can also arouse students' interest in learning and enable students to deepen their understanding of the text. The story used for introduction can be the story narrated in the text itself, or it can be other stories related to the text content.
For example: when teaching "Wolf", "Float Skills", "Wei Xue" and other classical Chinese texts with strong storytelling, teachers can tell students stories first, and then guide students to learn the corresponding classical Chinese texts, and then implement them Teaching of words and sentences. For example, when teaching "The Story of Yueyang Tower", the story of Teng Zijing building the Yueyang Tower can be introduced. When teaching "The Story of a Master", the story of Liu Bei visiting the thatched cottage three times and Zhuge Liang working hard can be introduced to expand students' horizons and deepen their understanding of the text content.
3. Using pictures and media to stimulate students' interest can mobilize students' existing knowledge reserves related to the text content to introduce the text, review the past and learn new things, and stimulate students' interest in learning, such as using the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River in geography knowledge Import "Three Gorges"; you can download pictures related to the text from the Internet, use multimedia means to read the article with classical music, or use multimedia means to directly display the audiovisual and picture content related to the text to create scenes; give full play to students' active participation Take the initiative and allow students to use online resources and related books to find information related to the text during preview. 3. Highlight the key points and strengthen reading aloud. The introduction of a new lesson in a lively and lively way can only be the beginning. During the specific stage of guided reading, it is necessary to strengthen the reading and highlight the key points of learning, and avoid seeking perfection and detail, and be comprehensive.
At the same time, we must give full play to the main role of students, completely abandon the teacher's "full class" teaching method, and allow students to think, discuss, and speak more, and fully mobilize students' enthusiasm for learning. In particular, students' reading training is strengthened, and flexible and diverse methods are adopted to allow students to read and recite.
Search by category of journal articles in the journal library. The ancients said: "Read a book a hundred times, and its meaning will appear by itself." This means that you can understand the meaning of the article by reading it repeatedly. Reading is still important for learning classical Chinese. method. In teaching, we must not only pay attention to classroom reading, but also pay attention to extracurricular reading.
Classroom reading can be divided into three steps: first, teacher model reading. Teachers read texts with emotion and emotion, which not only allows students to remember difficult words and their pronunciation, sentence pauses, and rhythm, but more importantly, it can stimulate students' interest in reading and improve students' cognitive abilities.
The teacher’s accurate and expressive model reading, and then using different changes in stress, intonation, pauses, speaking speed, volume, etc., unknowingly bring students into the beautiful realm of the article and make them learn. interest and motivation. The second step is for students to read aloud.
On the basis of the teacher's model reading, students should read it repeatedly. When reading aloud, students can be asked to outline the key words and famous sayings in the text while reading, and focus on memorization; on the other hand, they can concretely perceive the text. content, combined with the context to deeply understand the meaning of difficult words and sentences from the sentence structure and context, and grasp the author's views, attitudes and ideological tendencies reflected in the article. Again, students read.
Reciting is to read aloud repeatedly on the basis of understanding the meaning of the article in order to become familiar with it. Scientific and targeted guidance should be provided to students in reciting to avoid mechanical and repetitive reading without purpose.
Chant. 3. How to review junior high school classical Chinese knowledge efficiently
I just graduated from junior high school this year. I can tell you responsibly that you only need to review the key topics for junior high school classical Chinese. As for what the key topics are, you can borrow from the previous graduates. (must be the last year's) examination syllabus (you know). There is a long explanatory text in front of the classical Chinese section. In it, you can find the examination scope of classical Chinese (that is, the key articles and the articles to be memorized). Then outside of the key articles Just read the braille explanations and the author without reading. (The exam will not test classical Chinese reading outside the scope of the syllabus.) You can buy a classical Chinese book, the kind that has both exercises and the original text. First, Review the text and then do the questions. After checking the answers, circle the key questions. When reviewing, only read the text and key questions.
Classical Chinese texts generally need to be reviewed 3 or 4 times. This is the second round of review. The first round is just reading the textbook, the third round is for consolidation, and the fourth round is for finishing. This basically ensures the foundation of classical Chinese. The most efficient way to not lose any knowledge part. 4. A brief discussion on how to create a lively and efficient junior middle school classical Chinese teaching classroom
An efficient classroom is to achieve the best possible teaching effect with as little time, energy and material investment as possible. It is "autonomous construction and interaction" A classroom that inspires, generates efficiently, and enjoys pleasure. It is undoubtedly a beautiful enjoyment for teachers and students to teach and learn classical Chinese in this classroom atmosphere and feel the profoundness of traditional culture. Such a classroom is exactly the efficient classroom for classical Chinese teaching that educators are striving for. So, how to achieve this ideal goal?
1. Update the concept and restore the essence of teaching in which students are the main subjects of the classroom
The classroom reform of classical Chinese teaching seems to be much slower than the curriculum reform of modern Chinese, and the steps are much faster. Much smaller. I think the key point is that teachers are too conservative in their ideas and dare not emancipate their minds.
It is true that classical Chinese is far away from the modern language environment and is very different from modern languages. The knowledge involved in the text is complicated and difficult for students to understand and appreciate the feelings of the ancients across time and space. Therefore, when teachers teach classical Chinese, they always look forward and backward, and are afraid that students will not learn the main knowledge points, so they will give special lectures, making the classroom a "one-word hall"-style main position, and students are always passive or even passive. Being forced to accept knowledge makes the study of classical Chinese more boring and boring, and the student's dominant position is no longer possible. As everyone knows, the teacher's painstaking efforts completely violate the laws of education. Classroom teaching should be a teaching activity with "students as the main body and teachers as the leader", just as Qian Menglong put forward in the guiding ideology of the "Three Masters" of reading teaching: "The so-called teacher-led mainly refers to the In the teaching process, teachers are in a leadership position, and this role benefits from appropriate guidance. "Therefore, teachers can let go of their hands and feet, use their brains, play the role of the chief director who answers questions, and also contributes to the classroom." Vigor and vitality, and be an innovative teacher who understands the art of education and is full of educational wisdom.
2. Stimulate interest and make the classical Chinese classroom *** fly
Interest is the best teacher. In classical Chinese teaching, we should first focus on mobilizing students' initiative and enthusiasm for learning. , stimulate their interest in learning. In teaching practice, teachers must dare to innovate boldly and use a variety of teaching methods and auxiliary teaching methods to fully attract students and tap their learning interests. For example, historical stories, allusions, myths and other cleverly designed situations can be used to introduce new lessons, which is simple, quick and easy for students to understand. For example, the story of the Three Kingdoms is well-known to every household, and it can be used to introduce the study of texts such as "Chu Shi Biao" and "Sun Quan's Encourage to Learn". You can also use the knowledge reserves in other subjects such as geography, history, music, and art to learn related classical Chinese texts, such as "Three Gorges", "Yueyang Tower"; "The Chen She Family" and Sima Qian, "Historical Records", etc. The evolution from simple drawings to oracle bone inscriptions to modern Chinese characters was used to explain the glyphs and meanings of classical Chinese words, which left a vivid and deep impression on the students.
3. Cleverly design flipping to organically combine learning inside and outside the classroom
In the traditional teaching process, knowledge transfer is completed through teachers’ lectures in the classroom, and knowledge internalization Students need to complete it through homework, operations or practice after class. In this way, students are passive in classroom learning, and it is difficult for them to become active researchers in the true sense, and it is also difficult to realize their subjective status. By adopting the form of flipping classes between classes, students can study textbook knowledge in a targeted manner anytime and anywhere after class, and can make full use of various information provided by teachers. A variety of modern learning channels can help students solve learning problems in an interesting way. If you have any questions, students can clarify their learning status in the independent learning before class - what has been learned, what is specious, and what cannot be learned. When they study in class, they can discuss it with their classmates and teachers. communicate, solve problems, and consolidate knowledge. In such a flipped classroom, teachers become the promoters and guides of student learning, and students are the real masters of learning. Only in this way can the ambitious goal of a teacher-led, student-centered classroom model be truly realized. For example, in texts such as "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring" and "The Debate on Cao GUI", there are many ancient and modern synonyms, such as wife, desperate situation, no matter what, sacrifice, etc., which are not easy for students to understand. I will prepare the courseware in advance and give vivid explanations. , show it to students in the preview before class. After students understand it, they can correctly understand the ideological content of the original text.
4. Introduce competition and inject endless vitality into the classroom
In the learning and consolidation of classical Chinese, a competition mechanism can also be appropriately introduced to make the classroom learning of classical Chinese more interesting. Come alive. A variety of activities can be held in class to help students gain a solid grasp of various classical Chinese knowledge and understand ideological content. For example, knowledge competitions, ancient cultural knowledge quizzes, debates, recitals, textbook plays, etc. can make students fall in love with learning classical Chinese and turn learning into a game. In the process of entertaining and entertaining learning, the channels for learning classical Chinese have been broadened and expanded. This has the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort, and accordingly improves classroom efficiency. 5. Please help, classical Chinese translation of West Lake in July and a half "Classical Chinese Extracurricular Efficient Training for Grade 7>
On the 15th day of the seventh lunar month in West Lake (lunar calendar), there is no place to watch, only seven Tourists on the 15th day of the lunar month.
Tourists watching July 15th can (be) divided into five types (methods) to watch them.
The first category is (taking) a cruise ship decorated with balconies. There are musical instruments playing on the ship, wearing high crowns, a grand banquet, singing girls performing under the lights, servants waiting on them, singing and lights interlaced, charming the ears and eyes, (this is ) People who came nominally to admire the moon but did not actually see the moon, you can take a look at this type of people; the second type, there are also people sitting on boats and people sitting upstairs, (there are) famous families The beautiful lady, our lady, led the beautiful boy, laughing and shouting, sitting on the platform of the building, looking to the left and to the right, (this is) although people are under the moon, they are not actually there. For those who look at the moon, you can look at this type of people; for the third type, there are also boats, music and singing, courtesans assisting in the fun, idle monks conversing, drinking slowly, singing softly, and playing the flute lowly. , playing the harp lightly, musical instruments accompanying the singing, also under the moon, (this is) a type of people who admire the moon themselves and hope others will watch their moon admiration. You can look at this type of people; the fourth type, those who do not take advantage of the moon. He didn’t take a boat or a car, and he didn’t wear a turban in his long gown. After having had enough wine and food, he called three or five people, squeezed into the crowd, (went to) Zhaoqing Temple, (crossed) the Broken Bridge, and yelled. (The voice is) messy, pretending to be drunk, and singing without any accent. People who watch the moon also see it, people who admire the moon also see it, people who don’t admire the moon also see it, but in fact (this is) a type of people who don’t see anything. They can see it. Look at this type of people; the fifth type, ride on a small boat with thin curtains, (on the boat) there is a clean coffee table and a warm tea stove, a small pot of tea will be brewed soon, (using) elegant and exquisite porcelain Teacups were passed around quietly, and friends and beauties sat together facing the bright moon. Some hid under the trees, and some hid in the inner lake to escape the noise (there were many people in the outer lake), admiring the moon (they were serious), but others watched. They are not in the mood of admiring the moon, and (they) are not deliberately pretentious people admiring the moon. You can look at this type of people.
People from Hangzhou travel to the West Lake. They leave the city at the Si hour and return at the You hour. They avoid the moon as if they were enemies. That night (they) were (just) keen on fame, (that's why) they followed the (traveling) team and competed for travel. They rewarded the sergeant guarding the door with a lot of wine money, and the bearers held torches and lined up on the shore to wait. As soon as tourists entered the boat, they urged the boatman to sail to the broken bridge quickly in order to catch up with the grand gathering. Because of (this) reason, before the second watch, the noise of people and the sound of instrumental music (it was so noisy and noisy) seemed like water boiling, like a huge thing shaking, and like someone screaming and saying in a dream Talking in sleep is like a deaf person speaking loudly or a mute yelling indiscriminately. Regardless of whether big boats or small boats came to the shore together, (people) could not see the beautiful scenery at all. They could only see the pennies hitting the pennies, the boats touching the boats, shoulders brushing against shoulders, and faces looking at faces. After a while, the interest in the entertainment disappeared. The officials of the government stopped drinking and feasting, and the officers shouted at the front to clear the way, and left one after another. The bearers summoned the tourists on the boat and threatened them with the news that the city gate was about to close (they would not be able to enter the city if it was too late). Lanterns and torches were arranged like stars, and they left group by group. Tourists on the shore also followed the team, (in order to) rush back to the city before the city gate closed. (Here in the West Lake) the number of tourists gradually decreased, and soon they were all gone.
We people then moved the boat closer to the shore. The stone steps of the broken bridge began to get cold. We set up a banquet on it and invited the guests to drink as much as they wanted. At this time, the bright moon in the sky is like a newly polished mirror; the green mountains in the distance seem to have been redressed; the lake in front of you seems to have just been washed and has returned to calm and smooth. Just now, you were drinking slowly and singing softly. The tourists came out (from the boat), and the tourists hiding under the trees also came out. We went to greet each other and asked questions, and we pulled them over to sit with them. Elegant friends arrived, the famous singing girl arrived, the wine glasses and chess pieces were placed, and the musical instruments began to accompany the singing. The moonlight in the sky (became) cooler, and the east was about to (reveal) white light (it was almost dawn), so the guests dispersed and left. Those of us let the boat drift on the lake and slept soundly among the lotus bushes ten miles away. The fragrance of the flowers was so overwhelming that we felt the fragrance even in our dreams. It was really refreshing and comfortable. 6. How to effectively train classical Chinese reading for the college entrance examination
1. Accumulate vocabulary. This is mainly to accumulate content words, function words and some ancient common sense things, which are the basic qualities that should be possessed in reading. There are two main sources. One is The learning and accumulation of textbook knowledge. This means that you must listen to Chinese classes, and it is not optional. Don’t fall into a misunderstanding. It doesn’t matter if you don’t study Chinese or listen to classes. So you must pay attention to every detail in class. 2. Combine your own hobbies with appropriate search for some classical Chinese books, such as >>>; etc. This can not only improve classical Chinese but also help improve composition.
2. Pay attention to special classical Chinese Although sentence patterns are not tested, they are necessary in translation and reading, so pay attention to them.
3. Do some appropriate questions and recite some at the same time
I would like to introduce to you a relatively practical and programmed reading method of classical Chinese - the five-step reading method.
1. Pre-reading The main goals are: to read the pronunciation of words accurately, to pause accurately, to grasp the rhythm; to understand the common sense about the author's works; to grasp the basic content of the article as a whole. The specific methods are: (1) Consult the reference book and combine the notes to phoneticize new words and characters. (2) Read the text clearly and accurately based on the teacher’s model reading or text recording.
(3) Combine the text annotations and Chinese reference books to understand common knowledge about the writers’ works. (4) Use preview tips or self-reading tips to understand the text as a whole. (5) Grasp the basic content and stylistic features of the article by solving problems and reading the full text.
2. Copying and reading The main goals are: to be familiar with the text, to self-study if there are any doubts, and to clarify the key points and difficulties of learning. The specific methods are: (1) Outline or copy new words and famous sayings in the text. (2) Underline or copy difficult sentences in the text. (3) Record the difficult questions that arise when reading the text. (4) Read or excerpt (or make a summary or table of contents) auxiliary materials related to the text. (5) Combine the unit study summary, text preview tips, thinking and exercises to determine the learning points and difficulties.
3. Interpretation The main goal is to specifically perceive the content of the text through language analysis and grasp the author's views, attitudes or ideological tendencies expressed in the article. The specific methods are: (1) Combined with the context, deeply understand the meaning of difficult words and sentences from the sentence structure and context. (2) Use common sense of ancient Chinese to specifically analyze the special linguistic phenomena in the text. (3) Translate (can be oral or written) texts or text fragments in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the article as a whole. (4) Classroom special discussions, implement key and difficult points, and analyze and answer language training questions in the "Thinking and Practice" after class.
4. Appreciative Reading The main goal is to conduct literary and aesthetic appreciation reading of articles in terms of ideological content, organizational structure, expression techniques, language arts, artistic style, etc. The specific methods are: (1) Starting from the stylistic characteristics, overall grasp the basic characteristics of the article as a "type". (2) Comparative reading, analyzing the specific characteristics of the article and the author’s artistic personality in terms of content and form. (3) Guide students to review literature and write essays on important content words, function words and grammatical issues to consolidate the knowledge they have learned and strengthen their ability training.
5. Recitation The main goals are: to deepen understanding, strengthen memory, enrich language, accumulate materials, train language sense, and cultivate quality. The specific methods are: (1) On the basis of understanding, read aloud repeatedly, and strive to recite it well. (2) Read aloud for taste, recite famous articles, paragraphs and sentences, and memorize them accurately. (3) Expand reading, study materials related to the article, and expand knowledge to achieve a more comprehensive and profound understanding of the text. (4) Organize study notes and write study summaries to highlight key points and difficulties.
(5) Guide the writing of post-reading reflections or ideological comments in order to cultivate sentiment.