Notes on Mo Mei]
1. Mo Mei: plum blossoms in ink painting.
2. Inkstone washing pool: a pool for washing brushes and inkstones after writing and drawing. Wang Xizhi has a legend that "when he came to the pond to study calligraphy, the water in the pond turned black." This allusion is used here.
[Brief Analysis]
This is a poem about painting. Mo Mei is the plum blossom in ink painting. The poet praises the virtue of the plum blossoms without asking for praise from others, but only wants to leave a fragrance to the world. In fact, he uses the plum blossoms as a metaphor to express his attitude towards life and his noble sentiments of not flattering the world.
The first two sentences, "My family washes inkstones on the tree at the head of the pond, and the flowers bloom with faint ink marks" directly describe the plum blossom. In the painting, the plum trees beside the small pond are in full bloom, and the blossoming plum blossoms are dyed with light ink. "Washing the inkstone pool" is an allusion to Wang Xizhi's allusion of "Linside the pool to study calligraphy, the pool water is completely black". The poet has the same surname as Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher of the Jin Dynasty, so he said "my family".
Three or four sentences praising Mo Mei for her noble character and integrity. It is painted with light ink. Although it is not delicate in appearance, it has an inner temperament of pure bones, nobility and dignity, and solitude and elegance; it does not want to use bright colors to attract people, please people, and seek praise from people. May a fragrance spread out and remain between heaven and earth. These two sentences are exactly the poet's self-portrait. Wang Mian was poor since he was a child. He herded cattle during the day and went to the Buddhist temple to study hard at night. Finally, he learned a lot of economics and was good at poetry and painting, and was versatile. But he failed in repeated attempts and was unwilling to curry favor with the powerful, so he gave up on fame and fortune and retired to Jiuli Mountain in eastern Zhejiang, where he made a living by painting. The two sentences "Don't let people praise the good color, just leave the pure air to fill the world" express the poet's despising the popular customs, being alone, and admiring himself.
This poem is titled "Mo Mei", which is intended to describe aspirations. The poet organically integrates painting style, poetry style and personality. Literally praising plum blossoms, actually praising one's own moral integrity.
[About the author]
Wang Mian (1287-1359), with the character Yuanzhang and the character Yuansu. He was born in Zhuji, Kuaiji (now Zhuji, Zhejiang Province) in the late Yuan Dynasty. He has many nicknames, including Zhuishishanong, Kuaijishannong, Kuaiji Foreign History, Plum Blossom House Owner, Mr. Jiuli, Jiangnan Ancient Guest, Jiangnan Savage, Shanyin Savage, Duckweed Xuanzi, Zhuguancaoren, Meisou, Fanniu Weng, Stone Cooker, Idle Doctor, Lao Long, Lao Cun, Mei Weng, etc. And because his study was called "Zhuzhai", people at that time also called him Wang Zhuzhai or Mr. Zhuzhai. He is both a famous poet and a master of painting. He was a flower-and-bird painter who created a new style of freehand brushwork in the painting gardens of the Yuan Dynasty by painting plum blossoms. The "Moumei Picture" painted by him was so charming and elegant that later generations were amazed and had a profound impact on the painting circles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Ink Bamboo:
This is a poem from Zheng Banqiao's "The Painted Bamboo in the Weixian Department is Presented to the Nian Bo Bao Da Zhong Cheng Kuo". The full poem is:
< p>I lay down in Yazhai and listened to the rustling bamboos, which I suspected were the sounds of suffering among the people.These little officials in Caozhou County are always caring about each branch and leaf.
These two lines of poems are ostensibly about bamboo, which means: For us small state and county officials, every branch and leaf of the bamboo outside the yamen bedroom affects our emotions. The actual meaning is: Although we are just small state and county officials, every move of the people affects our emotions. It fully reflects Zheng Banqiao's concern for the sufferings of the people.
This poem was presented to him by Zheng Banqiao when he was the magistrate of Weixian County, Shandong Province in the 11th and 2nd years of Qianlong's reign. One or two sentences use metaphors to support things. The first sentence "lying in the yamen office and listening to the bamboos rustling" is written by the author lying down and resting in the yamen study room. At this time, he heard the breeze blowing the bamboos outside the window, and the bamboos rustled, and his voice was sobbing, which gave people a very special feeling. A feeling of sadness and desolation. The second sentence "suspected to be the sound of suffering among the people" is the author's association with the cold sound of bamboo. The author thought of the sufferings of the common people from the sound of wind and bamboo in nature. It seemed to be the whimpering sound of the common people struggling in hunger and cold, which fully reflected the author's feelings about the common people while he was in the government office. Three or four sentences express your thoughts freely. The third sentence, "I am a small official in Caozhou County", is both about myself and including others. It can be seen that it is all the "parents and officials" who should relieve the people's worries. This poem broadens the connotation of the poem. The fourth sentence "Every branch and leaf is always related to love". This poem not only echoes the wind bamboo painting and the title of the poem, but also expresses deep emotions. Every bit of the common people is closely connected with the "parents and officials". ! This poem by Zheng Banqiao evokes the suffering of the common people through the sound of the wind blowing and swaying bamboos, and expresses the author's deep concern and sympathy for the fate of the common people. An official in the feudal era had such deep feelings for the working people. It is indeed very valuable.
Introduction to Zheng Banqiao
Zheng Banqiao in the Qing Dynasty was an outstanding celebrity in history, the main representative of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", a calligrapher and painter famous for his "Three Unique Poems, Calligraphy and Painting". writer. His life can be divided into five stages: reading and teaching, selling paintings in Yangzhou, passing the imperial examination, becoming a Jinshi and traveling in officialdom, serving as an official in Shandong, and selling paintings in Yangzhou again. 1. Reading and teaching Zheng Xie (1693--1766 ), named Kerou, also known as Banqiao, was originally from Xinghua, Jiangsu Province. His ancestors moved from Changmen, Suzhou to Wangtou during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. They were the fourteenth generation to Zheng Banqiao. . His father, Zheng Zhiben, also known as Li'an and nicknamed Mengyang, was born in Lin's hometown. Zheng Banqiao was excellent in both morals and learning. He taught at home and taught hundreds of people. Zheng Banqiao was born on November 22, 1693. At that time, his family was well-off. Already in poverty, life is very difficult.
When Wang Fu was three years old, his biological mother died, and when he was fourteen, he lost his stepmother, Mrs. Zheng. Wet nurse Fei was a kind, hard-working and simple working woman. She gave Zheng Banqiao attentive care and meticulous care, and became the pillar of Zheng Banqiao's life and emotions. Zheng Banqiao was very talented and could read at the age of three. By the age of eight or nine, he was already composing couplets under the guidance of his father. When he was young, he followed his father to study in Maojiaqiao, Zhenzhou. At the age of sixteen, he learned lyrics from his hometown ancestor Mr. Lu Zhongyuan. He was admitted as a scholar when he was about twenty years old. Married Mrs. Xu at the age of twenty-three. In the autumn of that year, Zheng Banqiao went to Beijing for the first time, and Yu Shuyunxuan wrote Ouyang Xiu's "Ode to Autumn Sound" in small regular script. At the age of 26, he went to Zhijiang Village in Zhenzhou to teach. At the age of thirty, his father passed away. At this time, Banqiao had two daughters and one son, and his life became even more difficult. He wrote the poem "Seven Songs" and lamented that Zheng Sheng had no camp at the age of thirty. 2. Selling paintings in Yangzhou. Due to the hardship of life, Zheng Banqiao abandoned his art gallery after the age of thirty and went to Yangzhou to make a living by selling paintings. He actually helped the poor and made a living in the name of elegance." . During the ten years of selling paintings in Yangzhou, there were also some tourism activities interspersed. Unfortunately, Mrs. Xu's son passed away, and Zheng Banqiao wrote a poem to express his condolences. At the age of thirty-two, he traveled to Jiangxi and met Master Wufang and Manchu scholar Paul Lu in Mount Lu. At the age of thirty-three, he traveled to Beijing and socialized with the Zen Master and his disciples in the Yulin School. He spoke loudly and ignored people, thus gaining a crazy reputation. During his reign, he married Prince Kangxi and Wang Yunxi of Shen County, the owner of Ziqiong Cliff. Thirty-five years old, a guest in Tongzhou. At the age of thirty-six, he studied at Tianning Temple in Yangzhou and wrote one of each of the "Four Books" in handwriting. At the age of thirty-seven, he wrote the first draft of "Ten Poems on Taoism". At the age of thirty-nine, Mrs. Xu died of illness. Zheng Banqiao lived in Yangzhou for ten years and made many painting friends. Jin Nong, Huang Shen, etc. were all close to him and had a great influence on his creative ideas and even his personality. 3. Successful candidates, Jinshi and official career In 1732, Zheng Banqiao was forty years old. In the autumn of that year, he went to Nanjing to take part in the provincial examination, and passed the examination. He wrote the poem "De Nanjieyin". In order to further his studies, he went to Jiaoshan, Zhenjiang to study. Now Jiaoshan Biefeng Nunnery has Zheng Banqiao's handwritten woodcut couplets. Why should the room be large because there are not many flowers? "In 1736, the first year of Qianlong's reign, at the age of 44, he took part in the examination of the Ministry of Rites in Beijing and was awarded the title of Gongshi. In May, he took part in the imperial examination at Danqi in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony and was awarded the title of Eighty-eighth Jinshi. "I was born as a Jinshi", he made a special painting "Okra and Stalagmites" and wrote a poem: "I will eventually be called a Jinshi, and I will follow the number one scholar of Dangui." In 1737, at the age of forty-five, he stayed in Beijing for a year. He wanted to become an official, but failed, so he returned to Yangzhou. With the support of Jiangxi Cheng Yuchen, he married Rao. His wet nurse, Fei, died in 1739 at the age of 47. He wrote four poems in seven rhymes and presented them to Yu Jianzeng, the supervising envoy of Huainan. In 1741, at the age of forty-eight, he wrote the preface to Dong Weiye's "Yangzhou Zhuzhi Ci". At that time, in the spring of 1742, he was the magistrate of Fan County and also in charge of the small county court. In 1743, at the age of fifty-one, he revised "Ten Poems on Taoism" several times before it was finalized. , was engraved by Situ Wengao of Shangyuan. In 1744, when Zheng Banqiao was in charge of the throne, he paid attention to farming and mulberry, observed the people's sentiments, and prospered the people. In 1746, in the eleventh year of Qianlong, he was fifty-four years old. Fan County was transferred to Wei County. In that year, there was a great famine in Shandong, and people were eating each other. Weixian was originally a prosperous city, but there were successive years of famine. Disaster relief became an important part of Zheng Banqiao's administration of Wei County. He opened a warehouse to provide relief. He ordered the people to receive coupons to supply goods, and also launched a large-scale construction work, built cities and ponds, recruited hungry people from far and near to go to work, and opened factories to cook porridge and feed them in large households in the city, making more than 10,000 people alive. In autumn, due to the poor harvest, all the IOUs were destroyed, and the hungry people in Weixian County went out to find food. Banqiao lamented this and wrote "Escape from Famine" in 1748. Shi Liu Tongxun went to Shandong as a special envoy to provide relief, and Banqiao followed suit. The disaster in Weixian County gradually eased, and hungry people returned to their hometowns from outside the customs. Banqiao wrote "Returning Home" to record the incident. In the late autumn of 1751, the seawater overflowed, and Banqiao went to Yuwangtai in the north of Wei County to investigate the disaster. Zheng Banqiao's purpose in becoming an official was to benefit the people." Therefore, when he was in charge of government, he could sympathize with the common people and small traders, reform bad government, and protect their interests in terms of laws and measures. During Banqiao's reign in Wei, he was diligent and honest, leaving no accumulation and no injustice to the people." Supported by rich businessmen in Weixian County, people embraced luxury. Zheng Banqiao advocated literary affairs and discovered talents, leaving many good stories. In 1747, Debao, a Manchurian Zhenghuang Banner and a scholar, took the exam with Banqiao. In 1748, Qianlong went on a tour to Shandong, where he participated in the preparations for the Emperor's visit to Mount Tai. He stayed at the top of Mount Tai for more than 40 days, and was often proud of it. ". In 1749, at the age of fifty-seven, Rao's son died of illness in Xinghua. Visited Guo's Garden with Yushi Shen Yanfang.
Reprint the "Family Letters", "Poetry Notes" and "Ci Notes", and print them in handwriting. In 1750, he wrote <
The surrounding spectators rushed to buy, and within a short time, a bunch of fans were sold out