Although the poems of the new Jinshi continued unabated, the walls of Jean Temple were limited after all, and soon, the white walls became "flower walls". Unfortunately, these titles are all gone now. The reason is that it is said that Tang Wuzong Prime Minister Li Deyu is not a Jinshi, so he avoided Jinshi deeply and ordered the cancellation of Qujiang banquet, so that people could remove all the titles of new Jinshi.
Tang Taizong, Wu Zetian and Tang Xuanzong are key figures in establishing and perfecting the imperial examination system. Examination subjects in the Tang Dynasty are divided into two categories: regular subjects and system subjects. The exams held in stages every year are called regular classes, and the temporary exams held by the emperor are called making classes.
There are more than 50 permanent subjects such as Scholar, Ming Jing, Jinshi, Strategist, Faming, Zi Ming and Shu Ming. Among them, Faming, Shu Ming, Ziming and other subjects are not taken seriously. Scholar and other subjects are not often held, and the scholar subject was very demanding in the early Tang Dynasty, and then it was gradually cancelled. Therefore, the Ming Classics and Scholars became the main subjects of the formal subjects in the Tang Dynasty (scholars examined current events and poems, and Ming Classics examined current events and righteousness; The former is difficult, the latter is easy.
After Tang Gaozong, Jinshi is particularly important. Many prime ministers in the Tang Dynasty were mostly literati. There are two sources of candidates for regular courses, one is students and the other is rural tribute. Subjects who were born in the capital and state and county academies and sent to Shangshu Province are called students; Not by the school hall, but by the state and county examination first, and then sent to Shangshu Province, the candidates are called "xianggong". Candidates who pay tribute to Beijing from rural areas are collectively referred to as juren. The state and county exams are called solution exams, and the provincial exams of Shangshu are generally called provincial exams, or they are not tested. Ritual exams are held in spring, so they are also called Chunwei, which means examination room.
At first, Ming Jing and Jinshi were just trying strategies, and the content of the exam was Jing Yi or current affairs. Later, although the examination subjects of the two subjects changed, the basic spirit was that scholars paid more attention to poetry and fu, and Ming Classics paid more attention to classics and ink meaning. The so-called paste is to open a page of scripture at will, cover the left and right sides, only open a line in the middle, and then cover the three words with paper paste for participants to fill in. Mo Yi is a simple written test of biblical words. As long as you are familiar with classics and annotations, you can try, while poetry and prose need to be literary. It is very difficult to be the first in the middle school, so there was a saying at that time that "30-year-old students learn classics and 50-year-old students learn less".
The final exam was originally presided over by the official minister and foreign minister, and later presided over by the assistant minister of does, and was called "Quan Zhi Gong Ju". Jinshi is also called "climbing the dragon gate", and the first name is the champion or champion. People in the same list should chip in to hold a celebration party, and let the two teenagers in the same list go to the famous garden to explore famous flowers, called flower-exploring messengers. We should collectively go to the apricot garden to attend a banquet, which is called a flower-exploring banquet. After the banquet, they all went to Ji 'en Temple to write an inscription for the Big Wild Goose Pagoda to show their glory, so they also called Zhongjingshi "the inscription for the Big Wild Goose Pagoda". Jiao wrote in "After Graduation": "The spring breeze is proud of horseshoe disease, and you can see all the Chang 'an flowers in one day." Therefore, the spring breeze has become synonymous with Jinshi and it. Often Deng Ke comes first, and it is also tested by officials, which is called the selection test. Only qualified people can be awarded official positions. Liu Zongyuan, a great scholar in the Tang Dynasty, was awarded "Jixiantang Orthography" because of his erudition. If the official department fails in the exam, you can only go to our department as an assistant and get a formal office. After Han Yu's Jinshi exam, he failed three times, so he had to be the adjutant of our times before he entered the officialdom.
The draft in the Tang Dynasty depends not only on the test results, but also on the recommendation of celebrities. As a result, candidates rushed to the doors of officials and dedicated their masterpieces to them, calling them papers. What is thrown to does is called official paper, and what is thrown to dignitaries is called writing paper. Throwing papers really makes talented people show their talents. For example, Bai Juyi's poem "Give Grass to the Original" to Gu Kuang was highly praised by the old poet. However, there are also many people who practise fraud and deceive the world. Emperor Taizong attached importance to the cultivation and selection of talents. After he acceded to the throne, he greatly expanded the scale of the academy, expanded the learning museum and increased the number of students.
In February of the first year of Wu Zetian, the queen personally "asked to pay tribute to Luocheng Hall", which was the beginning of the imperial examination, but it did not form a permanent system in the Tang Dynasty.
In the Tang Dynasty, martial arts also appeared. Wushu began in 702 AD when Wu Zetian was in Chang 'an for two years. Ying Wuju candidates are "xianggong", Ministry of War examination. The examination subjects include horse shooting, step shooting, flat shooting, carbine, weight wrestling and so on. "The person who ranks highest is awarded an official position and then promoted to the next level." In the Tang Dynasty, the most famous martial arts champion was Guo Ziyi.
During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, poetry and prose fu became the main examination content of Jinshi. During his reign, he personally interviewed candidates for imperial examinations in Chang 'an and Luoyang Palace for eight times and admitted many talents. During the Kaiyuan period, senior officials were appointed to preside over the examination, which improved the status of the imperial examination and later became customized.
The imperial examination system was implemented in China for 1300 years, which had a far-reaching impact on China, even East Asia and even the world. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, China's social structure, political system, education and humanistic thought were all influenced by the imperial examination.
The original purpose of the imperial examination was to promote talents for the government from the people. Compared with the selection system of hereditary, recommendation and nine-grade official law, imperial examination is undoubtedly a fair, open and just method. At first, Japan, South Korea and Vietnam in East Asia followed China's example to hold the Imperial Examination, and Vietnam abolished the Imperial Examination even after China. 16-17th century, European missionaries saw China's imperial examination system and introduced it to Europe in their travel notes. During the Enlightenment in the18th century, many British and French thinkers praised China's fair and just system. /kloc-The civil service recruitment method established in Britain from the middle to the end of the 9th century stipulated that government civil servants should be recruited through regular public examinations, and gradually formed a civil service system that was later imitated by European and American countries. The examination principles and methods adopted by the British civil service system are very similar to those adopted by China Imperial Examination, which absorbed the advantages of Imperial Examination to a great extent. So some people call the imperial examination the fifth invention of Chinese civilization. Today's examination system is a continuation of the imperial examination system to a certain extent.