Plum blossoms don't give in and set up snow. Is it a poem that praises things and expresses ambitions?

A typical poem expressing feelings about things, you will understand it better after reading the following article. Reading appreciation is characterized by poetry chanting things and expressing aspirations (author Li Rong, Master of Chinese Education, School of Arts, Huazhong Normal University). The ancients liked to recite things. Everything in nature, from mountains and rivers to flowers, birds, insects and fish, can be described by poets. They can also entrust their feelings to the author while describing things in detail. So how do we appreciate poetry? First of all, since it is an object-chanting poem, it is of course necessary to write the characteristics of the object to be sung, such as shape and color, and pursue appropriateness and truth. However, if it is only an objective description and satisfied with shape, it is not a good object-chanting poem. A good poet should be like a clever photographer. His lens should go deep into the soul of the object and capture the charm and character of things, that is, not only the form but also the spirit. Therefore, the ancients had a saying about chanting poems about things, that is, don't stay on the surface of things (don't stay on things), but also write the characteristics of things according to what they sing (the music is wonderful). For example, in Lin Bu's "Xiao Mei in the Mountain Garden", it is written that "the thin shadow is shallow, and the fragrance floats at dusk". Here is a brief description of the temperament and charm of plum blossoms. It is beautiful, noble and dignified. "Tilt" depicts the posture of Meihua, "Gone with the Wind" depicts its personality, and draws a beautiful picture of Meihua under the moon by the stream. This is not only the beauty in the author's eyes, but also the beauty in the author's chest, and the author's feelings are hidden in it. Therefore, to read a poem chanting things, we must first appreciate the author's grasp and description of the characteristics of the things sung. Secondly, when appreciating poems about objects, we should pay attention to the feelings that the author places when describing things. The ancients said that "poetry is based on emotion" and "poetry expresses ambition", and poetry should express emotions, thoughts and aspirations. But poetry is literature, so we should think in images, and we can't express abstract thoughts and feelings by argument and logic. It should rely on images to express our wishes. "Poetry expresses ambition", the ambition mentioned here has a wide connotation, including ambition, emotion, meaning and so on. Occasionally, the author feels that his heart is integrated with things, so he pretends to rely on things and writes poems to express his feelings. For example, Tao Yuanming praised chrysanthemums, expressing his carefree and carefree state of mind. In Lu You's Bu Operator, the author notes "Yongmei", which is implicit. Just as Zhou Dunyi only loves lotus flowers without staining mud, and loves lotus flowers without demon, the author uses plum blossom as a metaphor. Plum blossom is in full bloom in a lonely, desolate and neglected place. It has neither been properly cared for nor appreciated. "Loneliness without owner", isn't Meihua's difficult situation a symbol of the author's loneliness and sadness? I have no intention of fighting for spring. The word "bitter" means despair and doing one's best, which satirizes Fang Qun from the side. "Striving for spring" is a metaphor for personnel. Here, plum blossom shows Lu You's cold and aloof character and integrity, and never associates with people who compete for favor, invite favor and flatter. In the traditional culture of China, many things have relatively fixed symbolic meanings, which people call cultural symbols. For example, chrysanthemum, people take its arrogant personality characteristics, symbolizing strong character and lofty temperament. There is a poem in Li Sao, "Drink Mulan dew in the morning, and autumn chrysanthemums will lose their beauty in the evening." Qu Yuan symbolizes his noble character. He drinks chrysanthemums at night and stands out from the crowd. There is a poem in Chrysanthemum by Yuan Zhen in Tang Dynasty, "Chrysanthemum is not the first choice among flowers, and this flower is even more barren", which also expresses the poet's belief in pursuing loyalty and noble character. "Instead of blowing incense into the flowers, it is better to suppress the incense in the branches and die." How many loyal and noble people use this chrysanthemum-chanting poem to encourage themselves and express their heartfelt wishes. In China's ancient poems, "Liu" is often mentioned with its homonym to express farewell; Speaking of "duckweed", people often say that it goes with the flow, depending on its characteristics; "Swallow" and "Wild Goose" are suitable for expressing homesickness, because they go to Qiu Lai in spring. "Chrysanthemum morifolium" and "sunset" are used to express depression and sadness. These cultural symbols have become the unique language symbols of China literati. To appreciate poetry, you should be sensitive to these things full of meanings. Because of the author's different experiences, hobbies and even observation angles and depths, even if he writes the same thing, he often has different feelings and expresses different feelings. Three poets in the Tang Dynasty all wrote poems about cicadas. Luo, who was framed and imprisoned, wrote in his poem: "I can't bear the shadow of my temples and break my heart with white hair." Linking things with me, the poet satirized Wu Zetian several times and even went to prison. His great youth has passed away, and stars and white hair have been added to his head. When he saw Qiu Chan singing in prison, he was still in the dark, and he couldn't help feeling sad. He recalled his childhood, just like Qiu Chan's singing, but now he has accomplished nothing. "His flight is heavy through the fog, and his pure voice is drowned in the world of wind", both of which are about cicadas and themselves. "Exposure" and "strong wind" are metaphors of environmental pressure, "flying hard" is a metaphor of political dissatisfaction, and "sounding easy to sink" is a metaphor of suppressed speech. Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? ? Only cicadas can sing for me and only I can sing for cicadas. However, Li Shangyin wrote in the poem "Cicada" that "you sang in vain all night", saying that the cicada's singing was futile because it could not get rid of the plight of hunger and cold. This means that the author lives in poverty because of his lofty ideals. Although he strives for it himself, it is in vain in the end. Yu Shinan, who occupies a high position and has been doing nothing all his life, has expressed his ambition of being a "lofty and luxurious person in Tsinghua" who speaks with a distant voice and is not blown by the autumn wind. They all grasped the characteristics of cicada singing high, but they all fell into their own different feelings, which can be called excellent poems about objects. In the poetry of "supporting things to express aspirations", "things" is only a kind of supporting things, so the "aspirations" entrusted by the author of the same thing may be different. Only by grasping the richness and fuzziness of images and carefully tasting them in combination with the poet's background and life experience can we make an accurate interpretation without being far-fetched. Of course, not all poems describing the object contain the author's clear emotional sustenance, so we should pay attention to the distinction when reading. However, whether entrusted or not, a good object-chanting poem always attracts readers with its vivid image and strong aesthetic feeling, and consciously or unconsciously reveals the author's attitude towards life, or entrusts with beautiful ideals, or implies the truth of life. In classical poetry, we often see images of wild goose, solitary sail, cold plum, cold chrysanthemum, cuckoo, bamboo, pine, cicada and eagle. They express the poet's character or thoughts and feelings in a tortuous way through the accurate and vivid descriptions written by the poet, and endow them with rich symbolic significance. This requires us to understand carefully when reading. Third, we should pay attention to analyzing the writing skills of chanting poems. Generally speaking, the differences in overall conception, personification, metaphor and chanting skills can often reflect the depth of the integration of the things sung in Wang Bo's Ode to the Wind and the poet's self-image, that is, "cool wind". As soon as the cool breeze blows, the turbid heat is blown away, and the valley in the forest is completely new. It blew all over the forest valley, dispersed the smoke on the stream, and made me look for people at the bottom of the stream. It dispelled the fog on the mountain and exposed the houses in the mountain. When the sun sets and everything is silent, she tirelessly blows loose and plays the magnificent music of nature, giving people pleasure. Poets use the wind to describe people, express their aspirations with things, and deliberately praise the noble character and diligence of the wind. The wind stays up late, trying to be beneficial to people, and treating people with the wind, shouldn't people with lofty ideals do the same? This poem eulogizes the spirit of all selfless dedication and diligent pursuit. Du Xunhe's Komatsu is a fable about people and things. Pine trees, heroes and soldiers on the trees. It's freezing, paraquat withers, thousands of trees wither, but it's green and lingyun, facing the snow. However, Lingyun Giant Pine grew from the newly unearthed Komatsu. Although Komatsu is small, it has shown signs of being "Lingyun". Komatsu's "thorn" is the expression of Komatsu's indomitable character and brave fighting. Komatsu's "small" is only temporary and relative, and it will inevitably change from small to big with the passage of time. Only those who care about and cherish Komatsu can observe and compare from time to time, thus "gradually feeling"; Komatsu is still young and plain as grass. If you can recognize it as lingyun wood and cultivate it with your heart, you will have insight, but short-sighted "people of the time" will not regard Komatsu as a pillar. How many Komatsu were destroyed and hacked because "people didn't know at that time"! Du Xunhe was born in poverty. Although he was talented when he was young, he failed again and again because of "no acquaintances among emperors", so he had no choice but to serve his country and was down and out all his life. Isn't Komatsu buried in the deep grass a self-portrait of the poet? In Du Fu's Lonely Goose, a lonely goose that doesn't drink, peck, fly or bark is described. It desperately pursues its partner and is a passionate and persistent "lonely goose". In the couplet, the author asked the word "who is pitiful", as if opening the floodgate, and the poet's feelings rolled out like a spring: "Heaven is grey, who will pity me?" Poets and geese, things and me blend together, one integrated mass. The poet experienced an Anshi rebellion. In those turbulent years, the poet lived in exile, separated from his relatives and friends, and lived far apart, but he longed for the reunion of flesh and blood all the time, never dreaming of the reunion of his bosom friends. The lonely goose gave himself a shadow. Lonely geese miss the group so urgently, so painfully, so tired; The wild crows don't understand at all, just keep making noise and enjoying themselves. "Unintentional mood" is the mood of the lonely goose when facing the wild crow, and it is also the mood of Du Fu when he hates boredom when he can't meet his relatives and friends, but faces some ordinary people. This lone goose with distinctive personality is the poet's own image. In addition, from the specific description methods, in addition to the positive description, the side contrast is often used for the recited things. China is a great country in poetry, and the poems left by the sages are vast and rich in content. Our appreciation of chanting poems should not stop at perceiving images, but should pay more attention to reading and reciting, consciously combine reading with psychological activities such as perception, comprehension and aftertaste, and gradually improve our literary appreciation level.