all one's life
Chen Shidao was born in an official family, and his grandfather Chen Yue, the official to the third division of salt and iron, gave it to the assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry; Qi Chen, his father, was sentenced to Jiangzhou by doctor Guan Luoguo. By the time I arrived in Chen Shidao, my family had declined. "My First Lady's Behavior" said: My first husband used his family's clothes to help his younger brothers accumulate loneliness and help the poor. He wanted to die. Madam, don't get tired of her husband. The first gentleman died of poverty, so he couldn't get married. His wife raised a large family, and people thought he was worried. His wife is safe and not tired of his son. When he was old, his family benefited from poverty.
Married Guo almost's daughter at an early age. Forced by livelihood, his wife and daughter are eating at his father-in-law's house. 16 years old to study as a teacher. At that time, the imperial court used the knowledge of Confucian classics and righteousness to select scholars, but Chen Shidao didn't agree, so he didn't take the exam. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng (108 1), Ceng Gong was ordered to compile the history of this dynasty, and recommended Chen Shidao as his subordinate, but failed because of the arrangement. Dr. Tai Xue is recording and recommending the teacher's learning style, so he refuses. At that time, Zhang Dun, the ruling minister, asked Chen Shidao to meet him and prepare to recommend him, but he replied: If you don't take your letter as a minister, you won't see the prince. ("and less"), refused to see.
In the second year of Yuan You (1087), Su Shi, Fu and Sun Jue, then a bachelor of Hanlin, recommended him as a professor of Xuzhou Chinese studies. In four years, Su Shi became the magistrate of Hangzhou, passing through Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan), and Chen Shidao went to Nanjing to see him off without leave. Soon he was reinstated and transferred to Professor Yingzhou. At that time, Su Shi was a magistrate in Yingzhou, hoping to accept him as an apprentice. Chen Shidao has always been very fragrant, respected Zeng Nanfeng, and declined politely. However, Su Shi didn't think so and still gave him guidance. Shao Shengyuan (1094) was dismissed by the court because Su Shi left the party. He was born in poverty, but he still devoted himself to writing and wanted to pass on his poems to future generations. For three years (1 100), Fu Yuan became Professor Dizhou again. On the way to his post, he was replaced as a secretary and died before he took office.
achievement
Chen Shidao's literary achievements mainly lie in his poetry creation. He himself said: at the beginning of poetry, there was no poetic method. After seeing this poem, I couldn't put it down. I burned my past poems together and learned from Huang. The two men pushed each other. Jiangxi Poetry School lists Huang Tingjian and Chen Shidao as three schools. In fact, Chen Shidao only studied Huang Tingjian's poetic style for a period of time. Later, he found that Huang Tingjian was too strange, not as strange as DUZH's poems about the back hill, so he devoted himself to learning from Du Fu. Huang Tingjian also expressed admiration for the realm achieved by other studies. He once told Wang Yun that Chen Shidao's composition is very familiar with the key of the ancients, and his poems have the syntax of Lao Du, so today's poets are not good either (Wang Yun's Collection of Mountain Houses after the Topic). In Ying Sui, there is a saying that Du Fu is the ancestor, and three cases are Huang Tingjian, Chen Zhi. Fang Hui also said: Lao Du's poems are the crown, and Huang and Chen's poems are the crown of Song poetry.
Generally speaking, due to the influence of Huang Tingjian, Chen Shidao's poems should be written without words, but his knowledge is not as good as Huang Tingjian's, and he has to tear down the east and make up the west (the second rhyme of "Migrating Fish in the West Lake" by the CPSU), which inevitably makes him look exhausted. On the other hand, learning from Du Fu is only devoted to formal meter, so although it can be similar in form, it often lacks the deep spirit of Du Fu. His success in learning from Du Fu is five-character and seven-character poems, such as what to do at the end of the year, and the guests in front of the lamp are not empty. In the troubled half life, there is nothing in the dream. Short worry is white, bad face is red with wine. I sing and dance, so do I. ("Little Chapter on Giving Wine Except Night"); There are no monks and swallow writers in the old house. I want to go out and laugh, but I don't want to go back to my temple to chase the dust. The wind turned over three cobwebs, and the thunder hive occupied two official positions. Many spring appointments with southern neighbors have failed, and they have not blossomed so far. (Spring Show Neighborhood). The former can show his efforts in following the syntax of Du Fu's poems, while the latter is similar to the constitution of Du Fu's poems. His description of the Five Classics is very hard, and he asked himself to create words and meanings, but his frankness still did not break away from the habits of Jiangxi School. He also has some poems with simple feelings. For example, he was speechless with joy and burst into tears. ("Xiu Sanzi"); What's the use of fame Don't worry. ("Send Uncle Dr. Guo to Xichuan for Punishment"). The latter poem exhorted my uncle, and Fang Hui was rated as a vivid imitation of Lao Du, dry and thin, with deep feelings. (Ying Kui Fa Kui). Some of his poems are plain and tasteful, such as books that are easy to read and finish, and guests can't come in time. ("quatrains"); Some of them are beautifully written, such as: the spring breeze is always closed, and brothels are wrongly named. I don't hesitate to take a look at the shutter for fear that your eyes are not clear. (Song Xing), but this is rare. According to legend, he works very hard in poetry. He usually travels, and as soon as he has poetic ideas, he rushes back to his quilt and lies down, and poetry becomes a success. Sometimes I groan for days and hate hearing people's voices, so Huang Tingjian calls it looking for a Chen without me behind closed doors (Jingjiang Pavilion is a disease). This serious creative attitude is worthy of recognition, but his poems are not deep enough and sometimes difficult.
Chen Shidao is quite confident in his own words, claiming that he can't reach others in other words, and his own words are unique, claiming that he can't reduce the seven yellow nine of the Qin Dynasty. After the old words in the book. However, few of his existing works are wonderful and cannot match his own evaluation. His prose is relatively successful, and Ji Yun rated it as simple and rigorous, but it is not true. (Catalogue of Siku Quanshu).
Chen Shidao has "Poems on the Back of the Mountain", which suggests that poetry and Ning Zhuo should be simple and unpretentious, coarse and unpretentious, and concealed, which is in line with Huang Tingjian's opinion. He also said: people who are good at writing are amazing, and when they travel in the river, they are just smooth. When it hit the mountain and went to the valley, the wind and clouds surged, and then the world changed. The relationship between singularity and rightness is quite insightful, but it is a pity that his creative practice is not consistent with his own theory. Due to the book's dissatisfaction with Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Qin Guan, the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu thinks that it is not a teacher's language, but seems too rigid. However, there are events after Chen Shidao's death in the book, which should be supplemented by future generations.
evaluate
Chen Shidao's imitation of Du Fu's syntax is more obvious than Huang Tingjian's. He wants to make every ordinary word have nothing to say and be everywhere, but his capital doesn't seem to be as rich as Huang Tingjian's, his knowledge is not as diverse as his, and he is often exhausted. He once said that his poems are like robbing the east to fill the west. He said: It is probably an honest confession to tear up new poems and offer them as a reward. Therefore, although he despises the authors who steal characters from Du Fu's poems in one sentence, his works are very suspicious. His feelings and thoughts are more profound than Huang Tingjian's, but unfortunately he is reluctant to express himself and often doesn't like to spit. Perhaps it is also his theory of saving words in order to simplify the language and benefit the work. If reading "Collection of the Valley" is like listening to strangers speaking their dialects and listening to them talk endlessly, but they just don't understand it, then reading "Collection of the Hills" is like listening to a stutterer or a slightly ill person, watching his stomach full and worrying about him. As long as Chen Shidao doesn't just cram ancient idioms into the East and the West, or oversimplify them, he can write very simple poems. Qian Zhongshu's Notes on Selected Poems of Song Dynasty