Overall Appreciation
The two poems are of different genres, one with five ancient poems, one with seven unique poems, and some of the content is repeated. The second poem is widely circulated and was once selected into primary school Chinese textbooks.
The first poem is an ancient five-character poem. This poem changes rhyme four times. The first eight lines have one rhyme; the middle eight lines have one rhyme for every four lines; and the last six lines have one rhyme. Poetry can also be divided into four levels according to rhyme. The first three layers basically describe the spectacular scenery of the waterfall, which belongs to the language of scenery; only the last layer expresses one's aspirations and feelings, which belongs to the language of love. The first three floors also have their own focus.
The eight sentences on the first level are actually straightforward narratives. In the first two sentences, the poet first points out the angle from which he sees the waterfall and the location of the waterfall. Two sentences of "hanging flow". Use exaggeration to describe the vertical and horizontal momentum of the waterfall. The two sentences "滻如" describe the waterfall coming as fast and violent as a white rainbow in the sky, which is the visualization of the sentence "gushing for dozens of miles" above. The two sentences "First Jing" are a footnote to the sentence "Han Liu Sanbaizhang". These eight sentences and forty characters are repeated by the author in twenty-eight characters in the next poem Qijue. At this point, the main real scene of the waterfall has been written from the front.
The four sentences on the second level are all imaginary. The sentence "Looking up" fulfills the word "Looking" in the title; and the so-called "turning the tide" and "making good fortune" are just abstract compliments and are not surprising. The strange thing is that the two sentences "Sea Breeze" all come from the author's illusion, using contrasting techniques to depict the majesty of the waterfall. The poet said that this waterfall falling from the sky is even blown by hurricanes on the sea. If it is a bright moon, the waterfall will become a piece of sky and light, blending with the moonlight. With these two sentences, the words "xiong" and "zhuang" above are not conceptual. These four sentences use a layer of writing to convey the spirit of the waterfall. Although the writing is empty, it makes the waterfall more visual.
The four sentences on the third level are written very carefully, but they are outlined from the side, that is, from top to bottom and four sides. The two sentences "in the air" describe water droplets splashing in the air, washing the mountain walls on the left and right. The word "green" must be chosen very carefully. One is that the waterfall washes the stone wall, making it cleaner and greener, making it greener and more lovely; the other is that the reason why the mountain wall is "green" is that it has been soaked by the waterfall for a long time, and plants such as moss may have grown on the stone. The sentence "Feizhu" describes the waterfall flying and scattering in the sunlight, so it is like light clouds; the sentence "Liu Mo" describes the waterfall rolling down on the dome stone, so the word "boiling" is used to describe its tumbling shape. These four sentences describe the dynamics of the waterfall, which are set off by the brilliance and color of the nearby objects. From the deep description of its spirit to the detailed description of its shape, the shape and spirit of the waterfall are ready.
The six sentences on the fourth level express the poet's interests and wishes, which is not a general statement. You can't see this wonderful scenery without being a "famous mountain", so I say "enjoy the famous mountain" first; those who "enjoy the peace of mind" will feel more peaceful and leisurely when facing the waterfall. The two sentences "regardless" are opened and closed together, first letting go and then catching. It means that drinking qiong liquid to seek immortality is a far-off thing after all; but encountering wonderful scenery in the mountains is enough to cleanse the world, which is more realistic. Then it comes down to living in seclusion and seclusion. The poet said that this was his long-cherished wish; if he can really leave the world forever and live in the land of forests and springs for a long time, it will be his wish. Tie up naturally and easily.
Five-character ancient poetry pays attention to the mood, expresses the heart directly, is simple and true, and has a complete atmosphere. The poet's emotional ups and downs are synchronized with the rhythm of the poem, thus forming an infectious power. Li Bai was good at Yuefu and Songxing. He often used Yuefu and Songxing as the most suitable art form to express his soaring imagination, wild talents, uninhibited thoughts and unrestrained emotions due to his extraordinary talents. , these poems were written with extraordinary spiritual consciousness, floating in and out suddenly, not bothering to carve chapters and sentences, nor bothering to carve out the heart and bones. They have the unbridled and unstoppable power. This is the case with the Five Ancient Songs "Wanglu Mountain Waterfall". Li Bai described the Lushan Waterfall as magnificent and vast. The poet places his affection on the mountains and rivers. From "West Climbing the Incense Burner Peak" to "The Dome of Rocks with Flowing Foam" are all descriptions of scenery, and the last three sentences are lyrical sentences. The word "empty" in "The sea breeze blows constantly, and the moon over the river shines in the sky" further shows that the poet is seeking a kind of "leisure" feeling, and also reflects Li Bai's elegant style. Under the beautiful scenery of Mount Lushan, the poet used the scenery to express his feelings directly. The language is simple and true, but it can still impress the readers. Although the first poem is an ancient poem, it contains many antitheses. Most readers of ancient and modern times say that this poem is not as well written as the second quatrain, but many people point out that this poem has its own wonderful lines, such as Hu Zai, Ge Li Fang, Wei Ju'an, etc. in the Southern Song Dynasty.
The second poem is a seven-character quatrain. The incense burner in the poem, that is, the incense burner mentioned at the beginning of the first poem, "is in the northwest of Lushan Mountain. Its peak is pointed and round, and the smoke and clouds gather and disperse, like the shape of the incense burner in Boshan" (Le Shi "Taiping Huanyu Ji"). However, in the writings of the poet Li Bai, it became a different scene: a towering incense burner slowly rose up into clouds of white smoke, misty among the green mountains and blue sky, and turned into a purple cloud under the irradiation of the red sun. This not only renders Xianglu Peak more beautiful, but is also full of romanticism and creates an unusual background for the unusual waterfall. Then the poet moved his sight to the waterfall on the mountain wall. "Looking at the waterfall in the distance and Guaqianchuan", the first four characters are the title. "Kakeqianchuan" is the first image of "Wang". The waterfall is like a huge white chain hanging high between the mountains and rivers. The word "hang" is very wonderful. It turns movement into stillness, vividly showing the image of a pouring waterfall when viewed "from a distance". The first poem says, "What a great creation!" It is this "good fortune" that can "hang" this giant thing up, so the word "hang" also contains the poet's praise of the magical power of nature. The third sentence also describes the dynamics of the waterfall. "Flying down three thousand feet", each stroke is swaying and every word is sonorous and powerful.
The word "fly" describes the scene of the waterfall gushing out very vividly; the word "straight down" not only describes the height and steepness of the mountain, but also shows the rapidity of the water flow, and the unstoppable plummeting from high in the sky is as if it is before your eyes. However, the poet still felt that it was not enough, and then wrote another sentence: "It is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen into the sky." It really wants to fall outside the sky, which is shocking to the soul. "Suspected yes" is worth savoring. The poet clearly said it in a daze, and the readers knew it was not the case, but they all felt that only writing in this way would be more vivid and realistic. The mystery lies in the fact that the poet's previous description has already given birth to this idea. An image. The towering Xianglu Peak is hidden in the clouds and mist. Looking at the waterfall from a distance, it looks like it is flowing down from the clouds and falling in the sky. This naturally makes people think that it is like a Milky Way falling from the sky. It can be seen that although the metaphor "suspected of the Milky Way falling into the sky" is strange, it does not come out of thin air in the poem, but arises naturally from the depiction of the image. It is exaggerated yet natural, novel yet real, thus inspiring the whole article and making the whole image more colorful, majestic and magnificent. It not only leaves a deep impression on people, but also leaves room for imagination and shows that It shows Li Bai's artistic style of "a sudden drop of thousands of miles, but still strong at the end".
Wei Qingzhi of the Song Dynasty said: "The fifth character of a seven-character poem must be resounding. ... The so-called resounding person is dedicated to his work." ("Poet Jade Chips") This view seems particularly convincing in this poem. . For example, the word "生" not only makes Xianglu Peak "alive", but also vaguely expresses the scene of smoke and clouds rising and floating in the mountains. The word "hang" has been mentioned before, and the word "fall" is also very exciting. It vividly depicts the majestic momentum of the sudden high altitude and the pouring of the huge current. It is difficult to imagine what this poem would look like if these three words were replaced.
The poet Xu Ning of the Mid-Tang Dynasty also wrote a poem "Lushan Waterfall". The poem goes: "The spring falls in the sky and rises thousands of feet straight, and the thunder rushes into the river without stopping. The eternity is as long as a white fly, and a boundary breaks through the green mountains." Although the scene is not small, it still gives people a sense of crampedness, probably because of it There are waterfalls going around, and the waterfalls look very solid and formal. Although it is a small poem, it has the flavor of a big poem. Compared with Li Bai's kind of inner and outer, tangible and spiritual, unrestrained and ethereal, it is really far away. No wonder Su Shi said: "The Emperor sent the Yinhe River to a sect, and in ancient times there were only poems about banishing immortals. How many people know how much the flying water and splashing foam can't wash away the bad poems with Xu Ning." ("Playing with Xu Ning's Waterfall Poems") Although the words are not without extremes. , but its basic tendency is still correct, showing that Su Shi is not only a famous poet, but also an insightful connoisseur.
There is no limit to the length of five-character ancient poems, so the poet can write about "sea breeze", "river moon", "sky stone", big ups and downs, big openings and closings, turning points as he wishes, and free and easy. With ease and in one go. Due to the small length of the seven-character quatrain, the poet uses exaggerated metaphors to lift the scenery to a higher level, reaching the ultimate level of writing about waterfalls. It is extremely exaggerated, but fresh, natural, simple and vivid, and at the same time has a turbulent and open momentum, flying and flowing away. The composition of the song is jumping and moving, vertical and horizontal, and also has the momentum and characteristics of singing.
Both poems are written by Li Bai, and they both describe the scenery of Lushan Waterfall. Li Bai enjoyed visiting famous mountains and traveling among the beautiful mountains and waters of Lushan Mountain, which further shows the aura of the poet's famous name. His imagination is rich, his thoughts are endless, his momentum is magnificent, and his emotions are unrestrained, like a rushing river, but also natural and fresh, like clouds and wind. The aesthetic characteristics of his poetry are natural beauty, straightforward beauty and unrestrained free beauty. Both poems share such aesthetic characteristics.