(Small preface to the poem) In the tenth year of Yuanhe, I moved to the left to Sima, Jiujiang County. Next autumn, when seeing off guests at Penpukou, I heard someone playing the pipa in the boat at night. Listening to his music, there was a clanging sound from Kyoto. When asked about the person, I was originally from Chang'an, an advocate for women, and tried to learn pipa from Mu and Cao Ershan. She grew older and lost beauty, so she committed herself to being a wife of a wealthy family. Then he ordered wine and asked him to play several songs quickly. The song ended with pity, and he recounted the joyful things in his childhood. Now he is drifting and haggard, wandering among the rivers and lakes.
I have been in office for two years, and I am peaceful and contented. Thanks to the words of this person, I began to feel the intention of relegation in the evening. Because of the long sentences, I gave them a song, with six hundred and sixteen words, named "Pipa Xing". ?
The Xunyang River sees off guests on the first night, and the maple leaves and flowers are rustling in autumn.
The master dismounted and was on the boat. He wanted to drink wine but there was no orchestra.
We will say goodbye miserably when we are too drunk. When we say goodbye, the vast river is soaked in the moon.
Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa playing on the water, and the host forgot to return the guest.
Who is asking secretly? The sound of the pipa stopped and it was too late to speak.
Moving the boat closer to invite us to meet each other, adding wine, turning back the lights, and re-opening the banquet.
After calling for a long time, he came out, still holding the pipa and half covering his face.
The three or two sounds of the strings being plucked by the rotating shaft indicate feelings before the tune is formed.
The strings muffle the sound and thoughts, seeming to complain of failure in life.
The formalities of the letter were continued with a low eyebrow, telling all the infinite things in one’s heart.
Lightly gathered together, slowly twisted and wiped, then picked again, first "Neon Shang" and later "Liu Yao".
The big strings are noisy like the rain, and the small strings are like whispers.
Noisy and jumbled bullets, big and small beads falling onto the jade plate.
In the meantime, Guan Ying is talking about the slippery bottom of the flower, and it is difficult to go under the ice of Youyan Spring.
The ice spring is cold and the strings are condensed, and the condensation will never pass through the sound for a while.
Don’t feel sad and resentful. Silence is better than sound at this time.
The silver bottle bursts out, and the water slurries burst out, and the cavalry stands out with swords and guns.
At the end of the song, the plucked strings are carefully drawn, and the sound of the four strings is like cracking silk.
The east boat and the west boat were silent, except for the white autumn moon in the middle of the river.
While chanting and plucking the strings, I straightened my clothes and gathered my features.
She said that she was originally a girl from the capital city, and her family lived under the Xia Toad Mausoleum.
On the 13th, he learned the pipa and became the first member of the teaching group.
Qu Ba once taught talented people how to dress well, and Qiu Niang was always jealous of her makeup.
When Wuling was young, he was struggling with his head, and there were countless red silk songs.
The silver (yun) head of the diamond is smashed by the grate, and the blood-colored skirt is stained by wine.
This year’s laughter will bring back the next, and the autumn moon and spring breeze will pass easily.
My younger brother left to join the army, and my aunt died.
There are few horses and pommels in front of the door, and the boss is married to a businessman.
Businessmen value profit over separation. The month before last, they went to Fuliang to buy tea.
Going back and forth to the mouth of the river to guard the empty boat, the moon is shining brightly around the boat, and the river is cold.
Late at night, I suddenly dreamed about my youth. I cried and cried, and my eyes were red with tears.
I sighed when I heard the pipa playing, and I groaned again when I heard the words.
We are both fallen people at the end of the world, so why should we have known each other before?
I resigned from the Imperial Capital last year and was relegated to Xunyang City where I was sick.
There is no music in the remote place of Xunyang, and the sound of silk and bamboo is not heard all year round.
The land near the Huanjiang River is low and humid, and yellow reeds and bitter bamboos grow around the house.
What did you hear in the morning and evening? The cuckoo cries and the blood ape moans.
When the flowers on the spring river face the autumn moonlit night, I often drink wine alone.
Are there no folk songs and village flutes? It's hard to listen to the vomiting and muttering.
Tonight I hear your pipa music, and my ears suddenly become clear as if I were listening to fairy music.
Mo Cigen sat down to play a piece of music and translated it into a pipa line for you.
I feel like I have been saying this for a long time, but sitting down makes the strings turn sharply.
The mournful sound is not like the forward sound, and the whole house weeps when hearing it again.
Who cried the most? Jiangzhou Sima's green shirt is wet.
Bai Juyi (772-846), courtesy name Letian and Xiangshan Jushi, was a native of Xinzheng, Henan. Realist poet of Tang Dynasty. He was a Jinshi in Zhenyuan and was awarded the title of Secretary Provincial Secretary. Later he moved to Zuo Qianyi and Zuo Zanshan, officials. In the 10th year of Yuanhe (815), Prime Minister Wu Yuanheng was assassinated. Bai Juyi advocated the strict arrest of the murderer. He was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima for overstepping his duties and served successively as the governor of Hangzhou, the governor of Suzhou, and the minister of the Ministry of punishment. When he died in the sixth year of Huichang (846), he was given a posthumous title and posthumous title by You Pushe, the minister.
Bai Juyi was excellent in both poetry and prose. He advocated that "articles should be written according to the time, and songs and poems should be written according to the situation." He was an advocate of the New Yuefu Movement. The language of his poems is popular, and he is also called "Yuan Bai" together with Yuan Zhen, and "Liu Bai" together with Liu Yuxi. His representative poems include "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", "Charcoal Seller", "Pipa Xing", etc. There is also "Bai's Changqing Collection" handed down to the world. . He is called the "Poetry King" and "Poetry Demon" by later generations.
Extended information:
"Pipa Xing" is one of the long Yuefu poems by Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi. It was written in the eleventh year of Yuanhe (816). By describing the pipa girl's superb playing skills and her unfortunate experiences, this poem exposes unreasonable phenomena such as bureaucratic corruption, poor people's livelihood, and buried talents in feudal society. It expresses the poet's deep sympathy for her, and also expresses the poet's innocence towards himself. Resentment at being demoted.
In June of the 10th year of Yuanhe (815), the vassal forces of the Tang Dynasty sent assassins to assassinate Prime Minister Wu Yuanheng on the streets of Chang'an, and stabbed Pei Du, the imperial censor. There was an uproar between the government and the public, and the vassal forces further proposed Demanding the removal of Pei Du, in order to stabilize Fan Town's "rebellious" intentions.
Bai Juyi advocated the strict arrest of the murderer, and was suspected of "exceeding his duties"; moreover, Bai Juyi usually wrote allegorical poems, which offended the powerful officials in the court, so he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima.
Sima was the assistant to the governor. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, most "criminal" officials were specially placed, which was a disguised form of distribution. This incident had a great impact on Bai Juyi and was a turning point in his ideological changes. From then on, his early fighting spirit gradually faded away and his negative emotions increased day by day.
In the autumn of the 11th year of Yuanhe (816 AD), Bai Juyi had been demoted to Jiangzhou Sima for two years. When he was seeing off his guests at the head of the Xunyang River, he happened to meet a young man who became famous for his artistic skills. The singer who was abandoned by others was in a depressed mood. Based on her experiences on the road, she used the genre of singing to compose the famous song "Pipa Xing" (original work "Pipa Yin").
As a long narrative poem, this poem has a rigorous and meticulous structure, well-proportioned, twists and turns, and ups and downs.
The first part is about seeing off guests on the river, and suddenly heard the sound of pipa, and made an explanation to lure out the pipa girl. From "Seeing off guests on the first night of Xunyang River" to "Holding the pipa half-hiding", it describes the regret of having no music at the farewell banquet, the scene of inviting a businesswoman to play the pipa, and carefully depicts the tone of the pipa, focusing on shaping the image of the pipa girl. .
The first sentence "Send off guests on the first night of the Xunyang River" has only seven words, which combine the characters (the host and the guests), the place (the head of the Xunyang River), the event (the host sees the guests off) and the time (night) Make a general introduction one by one; then use the sentence "Maple leaves, Dihua autumn rustling" to color the environment, and the bleak and lonely feeling of seeing off guests on an autumn night has been conveyed repeatedly. However, he was desolate and lonely, so he fell into the mood of "raising wine to drink without orchestra".
The three words "no orchestra" not only echo the following "no sound of silk and bamboo all year round", but also pave the way for the appearance and playing of the pipa girl. The foreshadowing of "Farewell is too drunk and miserable" due to "no orchestral music" is already very powerful, and then "the vast river is soaked in the moon when we say goodbye" is used to add a layer of environmental coloring, forming a strong sense of depression, making "Suddenly. "Hearing the sound of pipa on the water" has a strong sense of the sound of footsteps in the empty valley, which prepares for the sudden turn of events below.
From the "autumn desolation", "no orchestral music" and "miserable farewell" at the time of "seeing off guests at night", they have changed to "sudden hearing", "searching for sounds", "secret inquiries" and "moving the boat". Until the "invitation to meet", this can be said to be "a thousand calls" for the appearance of Pipa Girl. But "inviting to meet" is not that easy, and she has to go through a process of "thousands of calls" before she is willing to "come out." It's not that she cares about status.
Just as "I" long to listen to the celestial music of the pipa and "directly want to write down the hatred of the end of the world", she "comes out after calling for thousands of times" because she has a belly of "end of the world" "The hatred of being reduced", it is inconvenient to say it clearly, and I don't want to see anyone. The poet grasped this point and expressed her unspeakable pain with the portrait description of "the sound of the pipa stopped and she was too late to speak" and "still holding the pipa half-hiding her face".
This description of the appearance of the pipa girl is vivid and moving. She heard her pipa sound before she saw her, and her inner pain was slightly revealed before she heard her words, which created a lot of suspense for the development of the story later. .
The fourth part is about the poet's deep emotions, from "I sighed when I heard the pipa" to the last "Jiangzhou Sima's green shirt is wet" *** twenty-six sentences about the poet, which is the fourth part. This section describes the poet's loneliness since he was demoted to Jiujiang, laments his own life experience, and expresses his sympathy for the Pipa girl. Both the poet and the pipa girl fell from the bustling capital to this remote place. The poet's sympathy is full of sighs about his misfortune, and the sound of the pipa "seemingly complaining about his failure in life" also tells the poet's inner injustice.
The poet's emotional waves were stirred by the fate of the Pipa girl, and he sighed, "We are both fallen people at the end of the world, why should we have known each other before we meet", expressing the feelings of sympathy for the same illness and the same voice. The poetry has a bright rhyme, reflecting each step and embellished everywhere. The emotion is strong, it sheds tears for those who have been lost forever, and it also triggers the opportunity of love at first sight for those who have been lost forever. ?
This is a popular realist masterpiece. The full text uses characters as clues to describe both the life experience of the Pipa girl and the poet's feelings. meet.
The tragic experience of the singer is very specific, which can be regarded as an overt line; the poet's emotions permeate between the lines, and ripples along with the music played by the pipa girl and the constant changes in her life experience, which can be regarded as a hidden line. This light and darkness, one reality and one imaginary, make the plot ups and downs. The story it narrates is tortuous and touching, the emotions it expresses can arouse people's emotions, the language is beautiful but not flashy, precise but not obscure, the content is close to life but has broad social nature, and it is both elegant and popular.
Reference material: Baidu Encyclopedia - "Pipa Xing"