First, the origin of The Book of Songs
Second, the' Book of Songs' development
Third, the formation of The Book of Songs.
This paper expounds the relationship between The Book of Songs and social environment from three aspects.
The Origin of The Book of Songs
The origin of The Book of Songs can be traced back to Shang Dynasty. Do businessmen believe it? Everything is animistic? Believe in fate. In order to please the gods and maintain the rule of the country, they put sacrifice in the fundamental position of the country, hoping to be blessed by the gods through sacrifice.
In Shang dynasty, a large number of animals were sacrificed every time. This greatly promoted the development of animal husbandry in Shang Dynasty. At this time, the living standards of slave owners were greatly improved. Yin Benji believes that the development of productive forces in Shang Dynasty greatly promoted the development of music. There are even people who specialize in music and dance, and their accumulation has promoted the formation of the Book of Songs in a certain form.
This situation continued until the Western Zhou Dynasty. Under the choice of weighing the pros and cons, did Yin Shang leave? Culture and art? Constantly improve and develop. It can be said that Yin literature laid a solid foundation for the formation of The Book of Songs.
The Development of The Book of Songs
We know that The Book of Songs is divided into? Wind, elegance, praise? There are three parts, each of which describes a different object. Therefore, we will elaborate these three parts respectively.
First, the wind
Wind? It is the most extensive and important part of The Book of Songs, which records the folk customs and folk songs of the Zhou Dynasty.
The heart of sorrow and joy, the voice of singing, reciting its poems and singing its songs. So in ancient times, officials collected poems. The king looked at customs, learned gains and losses, and taught himself politics.
What did he say? Poet? It can be said that it is a unique official position in the Zhou Dynasty, and the official name is very cultural. By collecting poems, they actually played the role of pollsters. Folk songs expressing people's happiness, anger, sadness and joy were collected, accompanied by special musicians, and then presented to the Zhou Emperor in the form of songs and dances to assist in administrative management.
For example: peel dates in August and take rice in June 5438+ 10? July; July fire, September clothes? July is about the influence of seasons on life. For example, women are unhappy and do what they want. Scholars are ignorant, and virtue is also two or three. ? Self-protection, that's a good idea. Miss Long, you let people sleep again and again. ? Management bureau
There are also a large number of poems reflecting the extortion, attack and annexation of working people by Zhou Dynasty and various vassal states. Through these poems, the dissatisfaction and resistance of the working people at the bottom have been expressed incisively and vividly. For example, "Feng Wei Chops Tan" describes a group of lumberjacks singing while working and reprimanding slave owners who get something for nothing. ? No crops, no crops, no hunting, no hunting, no counties, no gentlemen, no vegetarian food? . There are many works in National Wind, which reflect the disasters caused by heavy labor and military service. As described in "Great Bustard Feather in Tang Dynasty", it is because endless labor makes people unable to engage in production and support their parents, wives and children. Wei Fengzhong expressed his deep yearning for his hometown by telling the story that laborers remembered the teachings of their parents and brothers. A similar situation is also reflected in Taifeng Drumming and Feng Wang Sheep Fat Water.
With the corvee and military service, many works remind people of women. The specific performance is that soldiers are war-weary and homesick, and their wives and children miss conscription. Such as: the thunder, the gentleman in service, the Dongshan, etc.
The artistic achievements of these works are very high, and they are moving through rhythmic artistic expression.
B, "ah"
Elegant records the positive music of Zhou people, which can be divided into elegance and elegance.
Elegance is mainly a series of poems praising Zhou Wuwang's achievements in overthrowing the brutal Shang Dynasty and becoming the co-owner of the world. Praise King Wu for vigorously promoting the development of agricultural production, changing slavery into serfdom, easing the contradiction of production relations, greatly improving the spirit and thought of the whole society and promoting the progress of social civilization.
Xiaoya was born in the late Western Zhou Dynasty and moved eastward. It is also the earliest poem in the history of China, and it has the truest emotional expression of current politics, struggle and marriage at that time.
In this part, there is a part of noble sacrifice music. Such as Xiaoya, Chutz, Xin Nanshan, Fu Tian and so on. "Datian" expresses the content of praying for a bumper harvest during sacrifice and also describes the agricultural production at that time. As for Gong Liu, Mian, Yi, Daming and other articles in Daya, they are historical achievements from the establishment of Zhou clan and ancestor Hou Ji to the collapse of business, and some myths and legends reflect the life scenes from primitive society to slave society.
After getting off the bus, Zhu En and Wei described some military activities against turtles. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the ruling class became increasingly decadent, various social contradictions intensified, and works reflecting political chaos and social unrest appeared. For example, Nanshan Festival, the first month, the turn of October, quips, blueflies, elegance, people's labor, boards, swings and so on.
C, "ode"
Fu is the music song of Zhou and the Ancestral Hall of a Aristocratic Family, which is divided into, and Shang songs.
Let's take a look at this song "Zhou Songtian Zuo":
The sky is a mountain, and the king is a shortage. He succeeded, Wen Chenggong. He's all together, and there's another trip. Leave it to future generations.
This poem describes the sacrificial scene of the Zhou Dynasty, expresses the powerful power of Zhou in some form, and foretells the inevitability of historical development. At this time, the Zhou Dynasty adopted? Rites and music rule the world? For the principle of enfeoffment. "Song of Zhou" is a song and dance offering sacrifices to the ancestral temple in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty. It uses elegant words and chapters to praise the achievements and virtues of ancestors and pray for future generations. There are several stories about agricultural production at that time, such as The Minister's Work, Xixi, Good Years, Slaughtering Chicken, Liang Ji and so on. We can learn about the agricultural production and people's life in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.
It is an action of the aristocrats of Lu to use the ancestral temple, in which the harmony of Panshui is a tribute to the monarch by courtiers, and there are many exaggerated descriptions, which have a certain influence on the formation of Dr. Han.
Ode to Shang Dynasty is an ode to the ancestors of Shang Dynasty, such as Xuanniao, Maomao and Yanwu. It describes the great achievements made by the people of Shang Dynasty through hard struggle in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Although it's a tribute, it's still quite magnificent.
Generally speaking, the folk songs of the Zhou Dynasty in The Book of Songs showed the life of the working people at that time with various pictures, and also expressed their dissatisfaction with the oppression and exploitation of slave owners and their desire for a better life. Therefore, most of "National Style" is based on realism. Elegant, Ode and other chapters eulogize ancestors and worship gods through gorgeous and elegant chapters. Their artistic form influenced the poetry creation of later generations and laid the foundation for social morality and etiquette of later generations.
The Formation of The Book of Songs
Confucius once said:? If you don't learn poetry, you won't say anything ? As the earliest collection of poems in China, The Book of Songs spans hundreds of years. It contains 3 1 1 poems, so it is also called? 300 poems? . The final edition was originally named Poetry in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, due to the birth of the Five Classics, The Book of Songs, The Book of Changes and The Spring and Autumn Annals became The Book of Songs.
There is no doubt that The Book of Songs is an immortal classic of Chinese civilization. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the history of China experienced a turbulent period from slave society to feudal society. The compilation of The Book of Songs brought extremely important spiritual sustenance to people at that time and even more than 2,000 years later. It influenced the literary creation of later literati with its extraordinary artistic achievements and colorful language. What it expresses has become the source of continuous inheritance and development for future generations, and laid the foundation of China's historical civilization.
Every poem in The Book of Songs is closely related to real life, whether it is beautiful music or folk songs with national style, whether it is joy or sadness, gathering or parting? This creative thought, which originated from life above life, provided a theoretical basis for later literary and artistic creation and was highly praised by all creators.