Why do exquisite musical instruments have fifty strings, each of which reminds me of my youth? Zhuang Zhou danced in his sleep and turned into a butterfly, hoping that the emperor would entrust his hatred to Du Fu. The moon, the sea and Jiao Ren shed tears, and the jade in Lantian can only turn into smoke when it is warm. Why do you want to recall this scene at this time, just because my heart was just at a loss at that time.
Second, the original text
Inlaid harp
I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, and each string has a youthful interval. Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and cuckoo crowed in the imperial spring.
Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathed their jade to the sun. A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it.
Third, the creative background
Li Shangyin is talented and quick-thinking. He was admitted to a scholar in his early twenties. He was jealous of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and was not brushed off. Since then, he has never met his talent. In the "Niu Li Party Struggle", the two sides are in a dilemma, full of doubts, repeatedly rejected, and their ambitions are difficult to achieve. Losing his wife in middle age, expressing his feelings by writing poems, is despised by people.
This poem was written by the author in his later years, and there have always been different opinions about the creative intention of this poem "Jinse". Or think it's patriotic, or think it's a memorial to his dead wife, or think it's a theory of self-injury, or think it's a pen to express your thoughts and treat your children. The Historical Records of Feng Chan contains 50 strings of Guser, while the latter is generally 25 strings.
However, this poem was written after the death of Li Shangyin's wife, so 50 strings have the meaning of broken strings (once the 25-string Gusser string is broken in half, it is 50 strings), but even so, every string and syllable of it is enough to express the yearning for that wonderful time.
Fourth, allusions.
Allusion 1: Zhuang Sheng Dream Butterfly
"On Zhuangzi Wuqi": "Zhuang Zhou dreams of butterflies, lifelike; Self-metaphor and ambition! I don't know, Zhou Ye. If you suddenly feel it, you will suddenly feel it. I wonder if Zhou Zhimeng is a butterfly and? Butterfly's dream is Zhou Yu. "
Li Shangyin quoted the story of Zhuang Zhou's Dream Butterfly. Zhuang Zhou dreamed that he became a butterfly and flew vividly, forgetting that he was "Zhuang Zhou" Later, when I woke up, it was still Zhuang Zhou at home, and I didn't know where the butterfly had gone. The poet used this to say that life is like a dream and the past is like smoke.
Allusion 2: The cuckoo cries blood.
"Huayang Guozhi Shuzhi": "Du Yu proclaimed himself emperor, posthumous title. ..... Its mutual understanding, decided that Lei Yushan in order to eliminate the flood, the emperor then instructed political affairs, and the law of Yao and Shun Zen taught benevolence and righteousness, so Zen was in enlightenment. The emperor rose to the western hills. In February this year, cuckoo birds sang, and Shu people mourned cuckoo birds. "
Zi Juan is a cuckoo, also called Zi Gui. Cai Mengbi's On Du Gongbu Caotang Poetry 19 Du Fu's poems quoted Chengdu Ji: "When the emperor died, the soul turned into a bird, which is called Du Fu, which is also called Zigui." According to legend, Du Yinshui of Shu abdicated and lived in seclusion in the mountains. After his death, he became a cuckoo, wailing day and night until he cried and bled.
Allusion 3: Tears in the Sea
Natural History: "There is Jiao Ren outside the South China Sea, and the water is like a fish. Don't waste your work, cry pearls. " "New Tang Book Di Zhuan": "Ren Jie cited the Ming Classics, transferred Bianzhou to join the army, falsely accused officials, made Yan news and made it different. He said: "Zhong Ni said that he knows benevolence, and you can be described as a drop in the ocean." "
Beads are born in mussels, and mussels are born in the sea. Whenever the moon is bright and quiet, mussels will open their mouths to the moon to raise their pearls, and pearls will get moonlight and aurora will shine. This is a beautiful folk tradition. Tears, like beads, are natural since ancient times. Jiao Ren's tears turned into pearls, which is also a strange sight in the sea.
Allusion 4: fertile land produces smoke
"Selected Works" Lu Ji "Wen Fu": "Shi Yuyu is full of mountains and water is full of beads." "Sleeping in Moon Hee" Volume 18: Sikong expresses the holy cloud: "Dai Rongfu refers to the poet's scenery, such as the warmth of Lantian, which can only be expected, but it is imminent. This sentence of Li Yishan Yusheng Smoke is covered here. "
Lantian Mountain is a famous jade-producing place in the southeast of Lantian, Shaanxi Province. This mountain is sunny and jade-like, and Ran Ran climbs it. However, the essence of Meiyu is far away, but it is not close at hand, so it is beyond our reach. It represents an extremely beautiful ideal scenery, but it cannot be grasped and approached.
Expand the appreciation of data works
This couplet and the first couplet * * * use four allusions, showing different artistic conception and artistic conception. Zhuang Sheng's dream of butterflies is a trance and confusion of life. Looking forward to the emperor's longing for spring, including his persistence in hard pursuit; Tears in the sea have a broad loneliness; The warmth of Lantian conveys warm and hazy joy.
The images extracted by the poet from allusions are so magical and ethereal that his mind is slowly opened to readers, and the beauty of the New Year and the feelings of life are all integrated into it, which can only be understood but not expressed. The tail couplet is a masterpiece of the whole article, and clearly puts forward the word "this feeling", which echoes the beginning of "China Year" at a distance, and the pen gesture is never shy.
The poem says: Don't wait until today to recall such feelings before you begin to feel endless regret, then it will already be embarrassing. For ordinary people, it is often when people are old that they look back on the past: they deeply regret that their youth is fleeting, their achievements have failed, their time has been wasted, and their regrets are endless.
However, this talented poet has already seen the clue, but he is helpless and infinitely lost. This is the poet Li Shangyin who borrowed the golden harp to make himself feel better.