1. Teaching plan for the first volume of Chinese language for high school students
Teaching objectives
1. Learn and appreciate the author’s artistic technique of using language and words to express musical images.
2. Experience the author’s infinite sympathy and sympathy for Pipa Girl’s life experience.
Teaching focus
Learn the artistic techniques of using words to express music.
Difficulties in teaching
Feel the "emotion in the sound".
Teaching steps
1. Introduction to listening to "music" (playing music)
Listening to a pipa song "Ambush from Flying Daggers" has a certain influence on the sound of pipa Perceptual knowledge.
2. Appreciating the "sound"
1. Students talked about their feelings after listening
2. How did Bai Juyi write down his poem after hearing a pipa song? Feelings? (Go directly to the pipa part in the second paragraph)
3. How does the poet use words to describe the musical image? (Teachers and students analyze together)
3. Taste "emotion"
Question design: Music is the expression of the protagonist's inner emotions, so let's experience the "pipa girl" in her pipa sound. Affection".
1. Outline the verses in the article that can reflect the "emotion in the sound".
Clearly: there is emotion before the melody is formed; the strings cover up the sound and thoughts, as if complaining of failure in life; the infinite things in the master are described; there is no sadness and hatred.
2. How to understand "infinite things", "failure to achieve goals in life", and "sorrow and hatred"? (Transitioning to the life experience of the Pipa Girl)
3. According to the text, students read it aloud first and then discuss it to understand the "emotion in the sound".
Clearly: Pipa Girl is a performer who attracted much attention when she was young because of her beauty and outstanding musical talent. However, as he grows older, his beauty fades, his talent is not appreciated, he marries a merchant woman, and stays alone in an empty boat. Therefore, "having no ambitions in life" and "hating life" are a kind of "melancholy" of "unappreciated talents", and "melancholy" is a kind of melancholy. Deserted and lonely.
4. Get to know the "bosom friend"
Design question: Only by understanding the life experience of the Pipa girl can we hear the emotion in her music, but the poet did not know what happened to her before You can already hear the emotion in her music. Why? (Transition to the poet’s situation)
1. Student discussion.
2. Clarity: Bai Juyi was demoted and could not display his political ambitions. He had the same "failure to achieve ambition" as Pipa Girl.
When the banished general said goodbye, "I am too drunk to be happy, I will say goodbye", his mood was as "sad" as that of the lute girl.
Summary: "We are both fallen people at the end of the world. How can we meet each other before?"
2. Lesson plan for the first volume of Chinese language for the second grade of high school students
Teaching objectives
Language construction and application: master basic knowledge of classical Chinese such as important content words, function words and special sentence patterns in the text.
Thinking development and improvement: Be good at writing methods that draw on secular experience to explain principles; appreciate Zhuangzi's writing method that uses fables to enhance the interest of reasoning.
Aesthetic appreciation and creation: Aesthetic appreciation and creation of Taoist culture in the article.
Cultural inheritance and understanding: Understand and inherit the excellence of Taoist thought.
Teaching focus: Master the basic knowledge of classical Chinese such as important content words, function words and special sentence patterns in the text.
Teaching difficulties: mastering reasoning methods.
Teaching methods: study method, inquiry method, discussion method.
Teaching points: Independent study of "Five Stones".
Teaching process
1. Raising doubts to clarify Zhuangzi
1. Introduction to the author
Zhuangzi (approximately 369 BC - 286 BC ), whose name was Zhou and whose courtesy name was Zixiu (some say Zimu), was born in Mongolia, Song Dynasty (now northeast of Shangqiu, Henan Province) during the Warring States Period. A great thinker, philosopher, and writer in ancient China. He inherited and developed Laozi's thoughts and was an important representative of the Taoist school. He once served as a Qiyuan official in Mengdi in the Song Dynasty, and was a contemporary of King Hui of Liang and King Xuan of Qi. According to legend, Zhuang Zhou was smart and eager to learn since he was a child. He was straightforward throughout his life, respected nature, did not destroy etiquette, and looked down upon the princes. He lived in poverty and made a living by weaving straw sandals, but he was indifferent to fame and fortune and devoted himself to quiet Taoism. King Wei of Chu once invited him to serve as prime minister with a generous gift, but he refused and he never became an official.
Zhuang Zhou’s articles are full of imagination, varied structures, good at using allegories and metaphors, their words are unbridled, their images are powerful, their emotions are broad-minded, they are full of romanticism, and they give people the feeling of being otherworldly and sublime. His works often reveal and criticize the dark reality, and they also have some positive meanings.
The main works include "Zhuangzi" written by Zhuang Zhou and his disciples as well as later scholars. Famous articles include "Xiaoyaoyou" and "Equality of Things", etc.
Zhuangzi’s famous saying:
①My life has a limit, but my knowledge also has no limit. If there is a limit, then there is no limit, it's almost gone!
②Although the cooks don't manage the cooks, the corpses will not go over the bottles and culls but will take their place.
③Everyone knows the useful uses, but no one knows the useless ones.
④ When the spring dries up, the fish and the fish are on the land. They interact with each other with moisture and wet each other with foam. It is better to forget each other in the rivers and lakes.
⑤ Don’t call it complete by letting things frustrate your ambition.
⑥ A filial son does not flatter his relatives, and a loyal minister does not flatter his king. This is the prosperity of ministers and sons.
⑦ If there is no action, then there will be more than enough for the world; if there is action, there will be not enough for the world.
2. Explanation of the title
This article is excerpted from "Zhuangzi Xiaoyaoyou".
"Shi" is a unit for calculating capacity. Ten buckets are equal to one stone. "Five stones" refers to the quantity. "瓠(hù)" is a kind of gourd. "Five-stone gourd" refers to a large gourd that can hold five stones. The author just uses the "Five Stone Gourd" to illustrate the truth.
3. Literary common sense
"Zhuangzi" is also known as "Nanhua Sutra", together with "Laozi" and "Book of Changes" are collectively known as the "Three Mysteries". The thirty-three chapters of "Zhuangzi" are divided into "Inner Chapter", "Outer Chapter" and "Miscellaneous Chapter". It is generally believed that the seven articles in the "Inner Chapter" were written by Zhuangzi, and the 15 articles in the "Outer Chapter" are generally believed to be written by Zhuangzi. It was written by Zhuangzi's disciples, or it was written in cooperation between Zhuangzi and his disciples. It reflects Zhuangzi's true thoughts. The situation in the eleven "Miscellaneous Chapters" is more complicated. They should be written by Zhuangzi school or later scholars. There are some chapters that are definitely not the thoughts of Zhuangzi school, such as "Robber Zhi" and "Shuo Jian". The most concentrated expressions of Zhuangzi's philosophy in the "inner chapters" are "Equality of Things", "Xiaoyaoyou", "The Great Master", etc.
4. Writing background
2. Recite the text with correct words and accents
1. Free reading, each person reads it twice.
2. Correct pronunciation.
3. Beautiful reading of the full text: Two students came to the podium to read, one person read Huizi, and read out the tone of doubt and regret, and the other read Zhuangzi, and read out the tone of doubt and affirmation.
3. Consider each word and sentence to interpret the meaning of the text
1. Collaborate at the same table, clarify each other’s doubts, and explain the full text.
2. Ask two students to come to the stage to present, and one of them will read aloud. Point out key words and explain them, and one person will translate.
3. Question: How does the article elaborate on the viewpoints of "uselessness" and "usefulness" through the dialogue between "big gourd" and "unreliable medicine"?
First of all, Huizi questioned Zhuangzi about "throwing a big gourd when it is useless", and Zhuangzi responded with the story of "a medicine that cannot be used by a weak hand" as an inspiration. Then, Zhuangzi told Huizi how to "skillfully use" this "five-stone gourd" and suggested that he could tie this big gourd to his body as a boat and use it to float in the rivers and lakes. This is a kind of free "gourd". "Happy Journey" realm. It can be seen that "useless" is the external value of "big gourd", while "useful" is the intrinsic value of things, and "useless" is likely to be of great use. From the perspective of "xiaoyaoyou", people should pay attention to the inner value The value of life and self-worth, cleverly using "useless things" to realize self-worth
4. Theme summary
The selected article uses fables to tell us that the same things are used in different situations. The effect is very different depending on the place. When dealing with things, you must actively explore the rules and explore the value of things with an eye that is good at discovery, so as to make better use of it.
4. Exploring the techniques of pearl appreciation.
p>The reasoning method of this article: fable reasoning, with clear emotions.
①The author is good at using fables to convey his thoughts. Among them, it makes the emotion deeper and the meaning more profound. This article uses the "five stone gourd" and "the medicine that does not stop the turtle's hand" to prove its point of view, which makes the meaning more clear.
② The sentiment of XX.
Zhuangzi’s attitude in the article is very clear. For example, after Huizi told the story of "Five Stones Gourd", Zhuangzi said: "Master is clumsy in making great use of it. "The word "clumsy" clearly expressed his attitude. He strongly disagreed with Huizi's statement. At the end of the article, Zhuangzi said, "The master still has a humble heart." He directly criticized Huizi and believed that he was a slave to the world. Trapped, burdened by the secular world
5. You talk about the harvest
Question: How should we understand the dispute between Huizi and Zhuangzi?
This contains the issue of understanding "useful" and "useless".
Zhuangzi believes that as long as it is not stagnant in things, both large and small can be used. The state of selflessness. Of course, it is useless, there is no harm, and there is no hardship, so you can be at ease and absolutely free. Therefore, uselessness is the ideal state pursued by Zhuangzi, and it is natural. Limited to general understanding and confused
3. Chinese lesson plan for high school sophomores
Teaching objectives:
Knowledge and skills:
1. Understand the relevant common sense of the poet Du Fu;
2. Master the skills of tasting the artistic conception of poetry from poetic images;
Process and methods:
3. Master Basic methods of poetry recitation, learn the steps of poetry appreciation;
Emotional attitudes and values:
4. Appreciate the artistic characteristics of the blending of scenes, and feel the poet's deep pain and sorrow ;
The teaching focuses on reading the language of poetry, analyzing the image features in the poetry, and appreciating the poet's emotions.
Teaching difficulties include appreciating the artistic characteristics of blending scenes and grandeur, and feeling the poet's deep pain and sorrow.
Number of teaching hours
One class hour.
Teaching process
1. Passion introduction:
Students, let me tell you a story first. Everyone should think carefully and hear the meaning of this story. What kind of situation it is, and I hope everyone can record the core of the story in concise and coherent language.
One autumn more than 1,200 years ago, around the Double Ninth Festival, in Kuizhou, on the bank of the Yangtze River, the autumn wind blew fiercely, causing thousands of trees to wither, and the mountains and plains were decayed and yellow. leaves. The river was rolling rapidly, solitary birds were circling in the air for a long time, and a few whining apes could be heard in the distance from time to time. At this time, an old man, with ragged clothes, unkempt face, and shabby gait, stumbled towards the mountain. He was suffering from lung disease, malaria, and wind paralysis. Moreover, "the right arm is half-deaf".
The Double Ninth Festival is a day for climbing high to pray for longevity. However, this old man had a rough life and was in poverty. He seemed to be in the late autumn of his life. At this time, the country was in the midst of war, and he was far away from his hometown and wandering alone. Facing the thousands of miles of river and sky, and the decaying dead trees, the old man was filled with all kinds of sorrows and wrote a poem "The Crown of Seven Rhymes":
(The teacher read it aloud affectionately)
The wind is strong, the sky is high and the ape is screaming in mourning, the sand is clear and the white bird is flying back. The endless falling trees rustled, and the endless Yangtze River rolled in.
Wanli is always a guest in the sad autumn, and he has been sick for hundreds of years and is alone on the stage. Difficulty and bitterness hate the frost on the temples, and the wine glass is stained by the new stop.
2. Guide reading and recitation by appreciating the beauty of neat forms.
——Ask students to take a certain couplet in the poem as an example to study the formal beauty of neat contrasts.
Example sentence: The first couplet not only matches the upper and lower sentences, but also has a pair within the sentence. The upper sentence is against the wind, high is against the urgent; the second sentence is against the sand, and the white is against the clear. The contrast is extremely neat.
Rhythmic poetry, metrically speaking, only requires the confrontation of jaw couplets and neck couplets. After careful consideration, the poem found that "in one piece, every sentence is in rhythm, and in one sentence, every word is in rhythm." All eight lines of the poem are correct, showing the beauty of neat and orderly form. Therefore, students should pay attention to this when reading or reciting.
4. Lesson plan for the first volume of Chinese language for high school students
Teaching purposes
1. Accumulate a certain amount of content words and function words in classical Chinese. Understand some common classical Chinese sentence patterns.
2. Understand the composition and reasoning techniques of the work that can be opened and closed freely; guide students to intentionally imitate and write.
3. Guide students to learn the analysis methods of things in the article and observe and think about problems.
Teaching Arrangement
This course is planned to be taught in three periods:
The first period is to clarify the meaning of the text;
The second period is to Analyze the works;
In the third lesson, guide recitation, strengthen students’ understanding of the works, and complete after-class exercises.
Teaching ideas
Based on students’ understanding of this period of history, the difficulty of understanding the text is less than that of pre-Qin prose. We plan to use reading aloud to promote the meaning of the text and recitation to promote appreciation of the works. , stimulate students’ interest in learning.
Teaching steps
First lesson
1. XX design
Students may have heard of the idiom "the weak can eat the strong". This seems to be a law in nature, but in human society, this law is often broken. More than 2,000 years ago, the Qin Dynasty's national power was still so arrogant that a peasant war shattered the dreams of the founders for generations. What caused all this? Jia Yi, a statesman and writer in the Western Han Dynasty, explained for us After understanding his views, let’s study this article “On the Passage of Qin” together. To pass Qin means to point out Qin's faults, so what are Qin's faults?
2. Introduction to the author
Jia Yi, a statesman and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. His prose has the style of a political strategist during the Warring States Period, and his Fu works tend to be prose-style, so he is known as the pioneer of Fu in the Han Dynasty. His works include "On the Passage of Qin", "Ode to Pengniao", "Ode to Qu Yuan", etc.
3. Read the text aloud and clarify the meaning of the text
1. The teacher reads the text as a model, prompting students to pay attention to the rhythm of reading aloud, infer meaning groups based on the rhythm of reading aloud, and then understand the meaning of words and sentences.
2. Students read the text to themselves. Let students come up with words and sentences that are difficult for them to understand paragraph by paragraph. The teacher will ask students to guess the meaning of the words and write the key words on the blackboard.
3. Students have been able to read the text aloud based on a preliminary understanding of the textual meaning of the work. By correcting errors in students' reading rhythm, students are guided to correctly understand the content of the work, and students' understanding and mastery of words and sentences are checked.
4． Instruct students to summarize key content words, function words, pseudo-words, part-of-speech usage phenomena, and key classical Chinese sentence patterns in their notes.
Second Lesson
1. XX Design
Through the study of the previous lesson, we have been able to grasp the main idea of ??this article. Now let’s clarify the author’s Writing ideas, analyze the characteristics of the work's layout.
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Clearly: only the last sentence of the full text.
(The second question is not easy for students to answer. It can guide students to think about the following questions:
Question: How many groups of strength comparisons did the author design in the article? What is the result of the comparison?
Clear: Qin’s strength is compared with that of the Nine Kingdoms, and Chen She’s strength is not greater than that of the Nine Kingdoms combined. However, Qin unified China, and Chen She’s strength cannot be compared with that of the Nine Kingdoms. The king and his ministers are on par with each other.
Question: Please recall the method of clarifying ideas we talked about when studying modern literary reading, and think about the uniqueness of the author's structure.
Clearly: Qin’s gradual strength and Qin’s unification of China took political, military, ideological and cultural measures to consolidate power
The first paragraph of the article narrates the rise of Qin, and the second paragraph narrates the fall of Qin , these two paragraphs of historical data account for most of the space, but the author does not discuss it at all. However, facts speak louder than words. After these two paragraphs of vivid description, the readers have been deeply impressed by the fleeting scene of Qin's prosperous age. , it is known that the cause of Qin's demise was not caused by external factors, but internal factors, but it is not yet clear. At this time, the author laid out the argument, which naturally convinced the readers. Therefore, Jin Shengtan said: Qin Guo just did not show mercy in the last sentence. This shows that the article is well conceived.
Third, guide students to recite the text and understand the theme of the text.
The main focus is on emotion, tone, and tone. Reading guidance on the overall rhythm of the text
4. Guide students to understand the structure and reasoning techniques of the article.
Two prompt questions can be asked to guide students to discuss:
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1. This article is an essay, but it is more descriptive than argumentative. Is it appropriate to arrange the content this way?
2. What writing techniques did the author use when writing this article? , is it worth learning from?
The third lesson
1. Combined with the after-class practice of the second question, guide recitation
Guide students on the basis of grasping the whole article , understand the relationship between the paragraphs in the last three paragraphs, and then clarify the writing ideas of these three paragraphs to facilitate recitation.
Pay attention to the language characteristics and sentence structure characteristics, and recite them accurately.
II. , introduce "A Fang Gong Fu", comparative reading, strengthen students' understanding of this article
The purpose of comparative reading is to appreciate the difference in diction between the two texts and better understand the characteristics of Western Han Dynasty prose.
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3. Summarize the knowledge points of this lesson and complete the after-class exercises
5. Lesson plan for the first volume of high school Chinese language
1. Analysis of the first level
Read the two pieces of music from the first level of the text together
Question: Why did Dou E criticize the ghosts and gods of heaven and earth?
Clarity: Dou E complained that she had inexplicably violated the law and was punished, and that she had been wronged so badly. The heaven and earth are shaken and the ghosts and gods are shaken." And because the object of Dou E's conflict was hidden behind the scenes, the ghosts and gods of the heaven and earth became the objects of her criticism. Because the grief and anger in her heart was difficult to control, she built up resentment and accusations against the heaven and the earth.
2. The second level of analysis:
Question: From the two sentences "left to right" and "front and back", we can see the suffering Dou E suffered on the way to execution. But why did she insist on taking the back streets instead of the near ones?
Clear: Because Dou E’s mother-in-law lives in the front street, and she is afraid that her mother-in-law will be sad when she sees her being tortured. This fully shows her kindness and simplicity. Her beautiful soul shows one side of her character.
However, her mother-in-law still rushed over to watch a conversation between her and her mother-in-law and try to analyze it
(Original text omitted)
3. Question: Analyze Guan Hanqing’s language art and dramatic effects through character dialogue tests.
Clearly: Guan Hanqing’s ability to control language is amazing. He can reflect reality according to the language provided by life itself and fully serve the character of the drama. A dialogue between Dou E and her mother-in-law comes from this The little daughter-in-law in feudal society speaks so appropriately and behaves so naturally and vividly.
IV. Reading [Happy Three] [Carp]
Question: These two pieces of music are Dou E’s requests for hope to her mother-in-law before she was executed. They play a role in expressing the theme. What is its function?
Clear: Make people more sympathetic to Dou E's tragic experience. She advised her mother-in-law not to be too sad, once again showing her kind and beautiful heart. Such a good man died unjustly, which naturally made people feel resentful towards the unfair society, and the aesthetic effect of drama was fully reflected.
5. Read the third level: Analyze the three vows Dou E made before she was executed. What did she want?
Clarity: The first vow was to be made in vain with blood spattered on it. : She hopes that the people on the execution ground can immediately understand her grievances: The second vow is Liu Peng Feixue: She hopes that her grievances will be reflected in God.
The third vow is about three years of drought. "She not only hopes that the grievances of others will be redressed, but also hopes that God can punish evil.
6. What are her three vows and the first accusation against heaven and earth? Relationship? Is it a contradiction?
Clearly: Dou E's criticism and feelings about heaven and earth are obviously contradictory. It can be seen that Dou E's suspicion and dependence on heaven are always intertwined in the process of complaining. This reflects the limitations of the author's history and class. On the one hand, he fundamentally criticizes the feudal ruling class through Dou E's criticism of the world and expresses his desire to change reality. On the other hand, he cannot fundamentally propose to save the people from misery. The only way to clear up Dou E's injustice is to rely on God to move her.
7. Assignment design:
How to analyze and understand Dou E's rebellious spirit?
< p> 8. Blackboard writing design:Dou E’s injustice
1. Why did Dou E accuse the ghosts and gods of heaven and earth?
2. What are the three vows? Their expressions Why is Dou E afraid of the spirit?
3. Summarize the theme
4. Assignment design.