Appreciation of Tao Yuanming, who lives in Guiyuan Garden?

The overall appreciation of the poem vividly describes the poet's life and feelings after retirement, and expresses the author's happy mood and rural pleasure after his resignation, thus showing his love for rural life and the joy of workers. At the same time, it implies a sense of disgust at the dark and corrupt life of officialdom. It shows that the author is unwilling to go with the flow, and is willing to endure the hardships of field life in order to maintain his complete personality and noble sentiment. In fact, the author Tao Yuanming once wrote that Guiyuan Tianju is his ideal former residence. The five poems of Returning to the Garden are an inseparable organic whole. The reason for this is not only because these five poems describe the poet's rich and fulfilling seclusion life from the aspects of resigning, gathering with relatives and friends, enjoying farming, visiting old friends and drinking at night, but more importantly, as far as the feelings expressed are concerned, they run through this group of poems with a natural and pleasant interest. Although there are emotional turmoil and turning points in the poem, the bright colors of joy and philosophy reflect the whole article. Some commentators, Le Zanyuan, knew that there was "no adhesion" in his chest. In fact, there is still "adhesion". That is to say, as far as Yuan Ming's "Return to Xi Ci" written when he resigned from his post is concerned, there is also a sentence of "Xi is alone and melancholy". In other words, there is always a trace of melancholy in his heart. The truly pure soul will not be born (although the poet has repeatedly declared that he is "getting better and better, loving autumn mountains"), but gradually becomes clear in the process of constantly filtering out ideological impurities. Just as a person doesn't want to touch the hidden pain in his heart, the poet doesn't want to mention the filthy officialdom that has just been pulled out of it in Returning to the Garden. It's a pity to fall into the dust net by mistake. And "walking for 30 years" refers to the thirteen years since I resigned at the age of 29 and became an official, to 4 1 year-old "how can I bow down to the children in the village for fifty dou meters?" However, today, after all, I got my wish, and my mood at the moment was suddenly relieved. "There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine straw houses." Among them, there is the same deep feeling of "I love my family" as before. "Under the eaves of Liu Yin, Li Tao Luo tang qian." Under the eaves, willows are swaying and shadowy. The breeze calmed the poet's anxiety. At present, the beauty of peaches and plums is full of complexity, which arouses a lot of joy in the poet's heart. The poet is communicating his feelings with ignorant plants. Looking around, the smoke from the kitchen melted in the dusk. I listened attentively and vaguely heard dogs barking and chickens crowing. In front of me, many documents and files have disappeared, replaced by beloved "Qing Qin" and "different books". Ji Kang took "many things in the world, many accumulated cases" and "full guests, loud noises and many tricks" ("Breaking Up with Shan Juyuan") as the reasons for being an official. Here, the poet seems to have used the word "dust" intentionally or unintentionally. He told us that the "dust net" that we had to deal with in the past is gone, and there will be no more. In this sense, there is indeed a sense of "virtual room"; But it makes sense. He has started a life completely arranged and dominated by himself. "I've been in a cage for a long time, and I'm back to nature." "Nine" and "Thirty Years" set each other off, "Fan Cage" and "Dust Net" set each other off, "Sex" set each other off, and the word "return" points out the interest of "returning to the soul". Yes, officialdom eroded his half life and defiled his "chastity". Today, after a lot of hardships, the poet finally got a gratifying compensation. It was the poet's heartfelt cheers that finally broke free from the cage, like a bird returning to the mountains, gained freedom and bid farewell to official life. This sentence is the crowning touch, echoing the beginning, which shows the poet's noble ambition and dissatisfaction with the dark reality. The whole poem (1) is mainly lyrical, with descriptions of rural scenery and metaphors of "catching birds" and "pond fish", which fully shows the poet's feelings of loving free and simple rural life and despising ugly official life. Scenes blend, language is unpretentious, and confrontation is very natural. Readers can not only see the countryside, houses, elms, peaches and plums, but also smell the barking of dogs and chickens. In this quiet pastoral scenery, they can also see a free and easy poet singing the voice of "returning to nature after a long time in a cage". "There are few people in the wild and few wheels in the poor lanes." I think these two sentences should be interpreted in reverse: "I came to the wild for rare people, and I lived in the back alley to avoid social intercourse." You know, this is not an objective narrative, but a subjective choice. The poet retired from the officialdom to the wild, from the wild to the poor alley, hiding scenery during the day, sitting in his room and thinking about wine. Layers of prevention, avoiding the world is not far away, shielding friends is not enough, and abandoning common concern is endless. Is the poet lonely enough to be unreasonable? No, it seems that the poet deliberately dispelled people's illusions and started his own life and spiritual world for us: "It's time to revive the market and follow the grass." Although he has no "three paths", he has his own frequent contacts. "There are no miscellaneous words when we meet, Sang Ma." They have a favorite topic. Life in the country is simple and even poor, quiet and even lonely. However, it is this environment that enables people to acquire the same language and cultivate a simple and sincere feeling. "I am glad to hear more people. I have been happy for several mornings." (Migration) The poet lives a poor life at all costs, and his children are "young and hungry" (Sparse and Yan Zi and others). It is this kind of truth between heaven and earth that he pursues diligently. A new life begins with the shame of being trapped in the sea by plowing and washing snow. Perhaps it is because of the bondage of officials' bodies and the decline of physical fitness. Perhaps because of the long-term separation from the countryside, agronomy is somewhat sparse. "Grass is full of bean seedlings" and it is not well cultivated. What is revealed here is a sense of shame and self-encouragement. "In the morning, I will dispose of the garbage and take the lotus home." Only from the perspective of time, we can see the poet's perseverance and diligence. He removed the "filth" and other thoughts in his heart. I feel relieved after removing the weeds. I think I am still the one who loves Akiyama, or the one who is willing to be a farmer and can be a farmer. Lotus hoe returned home at night, proud, looked up, the moon was in the sky, and the poet was like a victorious soldier. There is hard work, but it is this hard work that gives him great spiritual satisfaction. "Wish" means retiring from the countryside and not going with the flow. The desire to live in seclusion and work hard. Don't want to sell your soul for wealth. The fourth poem and the fifth poem are actually two parts of a poem. The poet visited his old friend with great ambition and even a little ostentatious. The sons and nephews are neck and neck, laughing constantly, finding their way with hazelnuts and making great strides. He wants to chat with his old friend and have a few drinks ... However, what he sees in front of him is the broken scene of "the well stove has a legacy, and the mulberry bamboo has rot", but he hears the bad news that his old friend "died without healing". A poet who has always been shrewd can't help falling into the deep sorrow that "life is like an illusion, but it is always empty". Therefore, when the fifth poem came back, he wrote, "I feel sorry for myself, but I have sons and nephews with me, but the poet doesn't want to say much, just like a lonely goose wandering around" alone "; The rugged calendar hazel, a bush on the path tugged at his clothes. What does the poet "regret"? What he regrets is the inevitable illusion of life, and what he resents is his ignorance. If you leave the officialdom early and spend more time with your old friends, it will actually delay the arrival of this tragedy to the maximum extent. Then, how can the poet get rid of this feeling of disappointment-"I am satisfied with the beautiful scenery." Perhaps because of the grief of visiting friends, perhaps because of the hardships and tiredness of the journey, the poet sat by the stream for a while. This stream is crystal clear and unobstructed; Soaking in the water, suddenly, a cool feeling flowed all over his body, which also made him wake up from his complicated thoughts. He seems to have returned to reality from a sad dream. Did I come back or not? "If you realize the past, don't protest. If you know what will happen, you can chase it. "Life is short, but I have little precious time left. I don't have many friends who "loiter in the grass". From the perspective of "drinking my newly brewed wine, only chickens attract the latest situation", the poet obviously erased the unpleasant cloud hanging over my heart. Wine is beautiful with Chen, and the word "newly boiled wine" shows that there is no money left at home, which also points out the poet's urgent mood of "binge drinking" at the moment. This reminds me of the poet's interesting answer in the article Biography of the General of the Western Regions, Meng Fu Jun: "(Huan) Wen tried to ask Jun () and said,' What's good about wine?' Jun smiled and answered,' Gong Ming doesn't drink. "If we ask Yuan Ming,' What's so good about wine, are you still addicted to it', I think he will definitely answer us,' But wine is boring'. Yes, this "taste in wine" is too rich and mysterious: it eliminates the fatigue of the poet for a day; It relieves the grief of visiting friends; It makes poets feel the real interest of life; Make the poet optimistic again and become philosophical; It also deepened the understanding and feelings of the poet's neighboring songs. Both the host and the guest are happy and raise their voices frequently; At dusk, the poet lit firewood at will and learned a candlelight night tour. The atmosphere of fireworks in the room will not only make people feel shabby, but also add a warm and cordial atmosphere. What life is like sorrow, what old and withered sighs, all of which quietly melt into an understanding of the true meaning of life in an instant. " Happiness is short and bitter, and it has returned to Tianxu. "A new day has begun, and the new life that has just begun is not as bright as the rising sun. These two sentences are the crowning touch of the whole poem, the main melody of the movement and the strongest sound of life. Looking through five songs, the officialdom is filthy and finally compensated; Living in poverty, but having the affection of relatives and friends; Farming is hard and the mind is satisfied; Life is short, but you have a thorough understanding of the true meaning of life. In this way, the poet put the whole seclusion life, no, the whole joy of life, into his muddy Wang Yang's poems. This is a high generalization and a profound revelation. It is in this sense that, contrary to the filthy reality, Returning to the Garden has reached a perfect and harmonious artistic conception and opened up a "broad and graceful" spiritual world. The poet's life is not smooth sailing, and his heart is not a quiet world where all contradictions have been eliminated. The poet's value lies in that in the ideal pastoral world opposite to the clan society, he finally found the dignity of his own personality, the affection of his friends, no status, no interpersonal relationship between the rich and the poor, no intrigue and mutual strife. This is the concentrated expression of Shi Tao's ideological connotation and the source of Shi Tao's simplicity, simplicity, freshness and natural style. He painted an ordinary scene. Thatched huts, elm willows, peaches and plums, Yuan Ye in Nanshan, barking dogs and crowing chickens may all be unsightly in the eyes of noble literati, but the poet found the beauty of simplicity, harmony and nature from them. He expressed his true feelings. He didn't enjoy it with the appreciator's feeling of searching for the source, empathy and temporary floating, but observed and praised it with a local thought. So his feelings are persistent, vigorous, broad and focused. Everything around him is a silent partner in his life, which opens the sound of * * * in his heart. He explained the truth. What he understands is what he put into practice. He is honest and frank, not isolated from the world; He is easy-going and unsophisticated. He never shows off and doesn't have to hide it. Quitting the field does not admire lofty, and this "sex" is also difficult; I am willing to work hard to make my heart "willing"; Avoid making friends just to abandon the "dust of dreams"; A sad life, because he misses this short and fulfilling life. " I am entertaining myself with an article, which shows my ambition. "(Biography of Mr. May 6th) I wrote my heart, which is enough. He chose the word' Yi'. "There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine straw houses. "Once the boring numbers are integrated into poetry, they are endowed with infinite vitality. Generally speaking, counting is not a real habit of villagers; In particular, it also shows the poet's relaxed mood after his resignation, "a warm and distant village, the smoke in the Iraqi market." "The distant village was vaguely confused, but the poet stood there staring for a long time, not seeing the psychological closeness between the smoke and the boundless sky, which was in line with the spacious mood of the poet after his great liberation. Wang Wei also admired this artistic conception. The poem "A farewell message from Wangchuan to Pei Di" says: "Sunset lingers at the ferry, and night smoke wafts from the room. "Unfortunately, deliberate observation is not as good as Yuan Ming's unintentional feelings, and the words you consider are not as good as Yuan Ming's." The mountain stream is shallow, and it is enough to meet me. "It varies from scene to scene, and the meaning of words varies with words, which secretly reveals subtle changes in mood. A master carries a catty, but he doesn't see the axe marks, which is worthy of the reputation of' flowing clouds and flowing water'. " When I was sipping the newly cooked wine, only a chicken came near. "How vivid this' trick' is! Stay at home, call from the partition, and you won't be surprised to know the neighboring songs. In contrast, I think "prepare chicken and rice for me, old friend, and you will entertain me on your farm." (Meng Haoran, "Passing the Old Village") This is complicated. His metaphor, such as "birds love the old forest, while fish in the pond miss the old source", is so ingenious and appropriate. If we say "the days in Sang Ma are long, the days in our country are wide. I am often afraid that frost will come, just like grass. " "Nanshan plants beans, and the grass grows beans. Ridiculous in the morning, returning with Moon Lotus. "Life seems unreal, but it will be empty in the end" has a natural charm, just like a proverb, almost as much as spoken English. Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long Lian Zi" said: "Since the Jin Dynasty, the use of words has been simple, and it is easy to learn from time to time. Who bears the difficulties? "However, those who really practice Yi Zi and achieve transformation are profound and clear! Constant scenery, true feelings, wisdom and easy words are Yuan Ming's artistic interests, which is an artistic portrayal of Yuan Ming's life. Another: (1) The poem begins by saying that when I was young, I didn't adapt to the secular character, and I was born to love natural scenery. " Falling into the dust net by mistake is meaningful. Comparing "dust net" with officialdom shows the poet's contempt and disgust for dirty officialdom. "Caged birds" and "pond fish" are both animals that have lost their freedom. Tao Yuanming used his own metaphor to show that he missed the beautiful nature like a bird loves to return to the forest and a fish misses his hometown. Returning to nature means regaining his freedom. So how do you make a living? "Land Reclamation in the South" can make up for previous mistakes and can "return to the garden". Next, it describes the quiet and natural pastoral scenery. Although Tao Yuanming lived at the foot of Lushan Mountain since childhood and was very familiar with the mountains and rivers here, this time he broke free from the shackles of officialdom and returned to the free world forever from the cage dust net, so he had a special joy and freshness. Looking back and looking forward, he looked at the square houses, grass houses, elm willows, peaches and plums, villages, kitchen smoke, and even the barking of dogs and the crowing of chickens in deep alleys, all of which constituted the true interest in the poet's chest. "Warm", fuzzy vision; "yiyi", light smoke curled up. In this diluted silence, coupled with a few crows, more and more shows the tranquility and leisure of rural life. At the end of the four sentences, the mind is written by the scenery, and "virtual room" corresponds to "home", which refers to both the leisurely and quiet room and the poet's carefree state of mind. At the end of the poem, the two sentences "I have been locked in a cage for a long time, but I have returned to nature" echo the beginning of the poem. The personality shown here is neither a villa hermit nor a field farmer. The retired scholar-officials have a superior material life, while the farmers in the weeding field lack the spiritual life of Tao Yuanming, so Tao Yuanming is a poet and philosopher who can really appreciate the interest of nature and get peace of mind from his hard work. "Returning to nature" is the central theme of this poem. It is the poet's life ideal and the main theme of this group of pastoral poems. First, Tao Yuanming deeply felt that the whole society in which he lived was full of material desires and struggles for fame and fortune, and he chose to live in seclusion in the mountains with the mentality of not colluding with the secular. Both Peach Blossom Garden and this article express the author's yearning for a better life and his ideal of converting to the countryside and pursuing freedom. Secondly, this article is the second one in "Returning to the Garden", which deliberately describes the tranquility of rural life. Write "Jing" from the front first. Living in a remote country, there is little secular communication and entertainment, and few guests visit. It is precisely because there are no ordinary people to disturb, so "I closed the door during the day and thought in an empty room." "Chai Men, the door left unlocked, has a quiet bedroom, which has isolated the worldly noise and vulgar thoughts from a distance. However, when Chai Men opened to the outside world, poets often talked about Sang Ma with their neighbors. But in the poet's view, it is not the secular "personnel" who associate with simple farmers; The word * * * is not a "miscellaneous word". Compared with officialdom full of cleverness and hypocrisy, there is a new world here. -This is external "movement" and internal "quietness". Country life also has its joys and sorrows. " The days in Sang Ma are long, and my land is wide ",which is gratifying; At the same time, it is "always afraid of frost, just like grass." However, this joy and fear are not "dust thoughts". On the contrary, this simple joy and fear means that rural labor makes the poet's mind clear and pure, and his feelings simple. -this is the "movement" of the heart to further demonstrate the "quietness" of the heart. Poets either speak from the front or from the side, so that readers can feel the tranquility of the countryside and their own state of mind. Yuan Haowen once said, "Is this man a poem? He wrote it straight on his chest. " In this longing, the poet described a quiet and pure world. Three kinds of beans are under the south mountain, and the grass is full of bean seedlings. Explain the working place: Nanshan; The fruit of labor: the grass is full of beans; Comparing "abundance" and "scarcity", the author writes the characteristics of poor labor and the hardships of labor. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night. Explained the working hours: a whole day; Writing about the hardships of labor, the poet who returned from labor in "Taking the Moon with a Hoe" is lonely, but accompanied by the bright moon. Under the moon, the poet walked through the waist-deep grass with a hoe, and a beautiful poem "Returning to the Field under the Moon" suggested that this hardship was happy in the author's eyes. The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes. Wrote the hardships of labor, paving the way for writing "clothes are not enough" below. "It's not a pity to get my clothes wet, but I hope I don't go against my will. Point out the purpose: I wrote about the hardships of labor, but this kind of hardship is happy in the author's view, because I yearn for rural life, don't bend my back for five buckets of rice, and don't want to go with the flow, which implies the author's love for rural life and criticism of the dirty society of officialdom, and embodies the author's spiritual quality of being noble, proud, content with poverty and indifferent to fame and fortune. The language of this poem is very plain and natural. " "Planting beans in Shannan" and "Dew on my clothes" are all random, without any modification. This natural and simple poem is integrated into the artistic conception of the whole poem, which turns spoken language into poetry, harmoniously unifies simple spoken language and poetic mellow beauty, and forms the artistic characteristics of Shi Tao's simple and mellow beauty. Tao poetry is plain and interesting. The interest of Tao poetry comes from freehand brushwork. "Go home with the moon hoe", although the poet who returned from labor is alone, he is accompanied by the bright moon. The poet under the moon walked through waist-deep grass with a hoe on his shoulder. Returning to the countryside on a moonlit night, what a beautiful picture! It is full of the poet's happy mood and seclusion pride. The plain language of "planting beans in Nanshan" and the beautiful sentence of "bringing lotus home in the moon"; The first sentence is real, and the last sentence is empty. The whole poem is soft and perfect with the mutual complement of simplicity and reality.